世界化的比较文学:超越后殖民主义
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摘要
作为20世纪西方批评界最重要的学者之一,爱德华·赛义德因创立后殖民主义批评理论而著称于世,而赛义德本人尤为擅长重读殖民时期的经典作品。赛义德的解读范畴不仅涉及文学经典,而且涵盖历史学和地理学。文章通过分析赛义德在《文化和帝国主义》中对英国地理学家哈尔福德·麦金德作品的三次提及和论述,指出赛义德对于麦金德的解读是特定语境下的世界化。赛义德介入世界比较文学,旨在使世界从"东方主义"和欧洲中心主义霸权中解放出来,以顺应和符合非殖民化的世界观。通过细读赛义德的论著,文章认为超越后殖民主义和世界化的比较文学时代已经到来。
引文
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(1)可参见《黑暗之心》中克尔兹的“声音”和马洛的叙述,以及康拉德的中篇小说。
(2)德语版本于1947年出版,英语译本于1948年出版。
(3)德语版本于1948年出版,英语译本于1953年出版。
(1)(2)http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2015-03/28/c_134105858.htm,2016年8月12日访问。
[2][3][4][5]Edward Said.Introduction.Rudyard Kipling.Kim[M].London:Penguin,1989(1987):45,46,45,46.
[6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
[26][27][28][29][38]Edward Said.Culture and Imperialism[M].New York:Vintage,1994(1993):23,23,25,25,25-26,26,47,45,45,45,47,47,47,47,48,48,48,48,51,125,125,25.
[8]Edward Said.Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1966.
[16]Erich Auerbach.Philology and Weltliteratur[A].eds.David Damrosch,Natalie Melas and Mbongiseni Buthelezi.The Princeton Sourcebook in Comparative Literature[C].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2009(1952).
[18]Erich Auerbach.Mimesis:The Representation of Reality in Western Literature[M].Transl.Willard Trask.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1953.
[30]Johann Gottfried Herder.Ideenzur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit[M].Leipzig:Joahnn Friedrich Hartshoch,1841(1784-1791).
[31]Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.Lectures on the Philosophy of World History:Introduction[M].Transl.H.B.Nisbett,Duncan Forbes.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1975.
[32][33][34][35][36][37]Joseph Conrad.Heart of Darkness[M].London:Penguin,1995:20,20,83,20,112,123.
[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]Halford J.Mackinder.The Geographical Pivot of History[J].The Geographical Journal,1904(23).
[47]Immanuel Wallerstein.The Modern World-System I,II,III[M].London:Academic Press,1974,1980 and 1989.
[48]AndréGunder Frank.ReOrient:Global Economy in the Asian Age[M].Berkeley&Los Angeles:University of California Press,1998.
[49][50][51][52][53][54][56][57][58][59]Peter Frankopan.The Silk Roads:A New History of the World[M].London:Bloomsbury,2015:xiv,xvi,xvi,xix,xvi,xvi,521,519,218,518-519.
[55]Janet L Abu-Lughod.Before European Hegemony:The World System A.D.1250-1350[M].New York&Oxford:Oxford University Press,1989:369-370.
[60]Robert D.Kaplan.Asia's Cauldron:The South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific[M].New York:Random House,2014:9.
[61]Norman Sherry.Conrad's Eastern World[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1966.
[62]Theo D'haen.J.J.Slauerhoff,Dutch Literature and World Literature[A].ed.JoséLuis Jobim.Literary and Cultural Circulation[C].Bern:Peter Lang,forthcoming.
(1)可参见《黑暗之心》中克尔兹的“声音”和马洛的叙述,以及康拉德的中篇小说。
(2)德语版本于1947年出版,英语译本于1948年出版。
(3)德语版本于1948年出版,英语译本于1953年出版。
(1)(2)http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2015-03/28/c_134105858.htm,2016年8月12日访问。