机压微灌管网系统布置与管径同步优化设计
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摘要
微灌管网系统由轮灌管网(支毛管)和续灌管网(干管)组成,以往的研究没有将其作为一个系统,且不能实现布置与管径组合的同步优化,研究成果对坡度均匀的大型灌区机压微灌独立管网系统的优化也不适用。因此,提出了机压微灌管网系统优化的方法,并建立了优化设计数学模型,采取整数及实数编码的混合编码方法,通过遗传算法求解,同时实现轮灌管网及续灌管网的布置优化及管径组合优化,得出的管径为标准商用管径,无需调整。实例计算结果表明,该模型与算法在求解机压微灌管网系统优化设计问题上具有良好的优化性能和求解精度。与传统设计方案相比较,轮灌管网和续灌管网的优化设计方案单位面积年费用分别降低了14. 85%～35. 59%和4. 12%～12. 99%,节省投资效果明显。
The problem of selecting the best pattern of layout and pipe diameter of each pipe in the microirrigation pipe network system has long been given considerable attention by engineers and obtained numerous research results. Micro-irrigation pipe network system is composed of rotational irrigation network( manifold and lateral) and continuous irrigation network( main and submain pipe). Previous studies did not treat micro-irrigation pipe network system as an integral and can not realize the simultaneous optimization of layout and pipe diameter combination. In addition,research results can not be applied to the optimization of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system for large irrigation area.The optimization method of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system was proposed. The mathematical models of rotational irrigation network and continuous irrigation network were established.The best control area,layout and pipe diameter of rotational and continuous irrigation network can be obtained simultaneously by solving the mathematical model with dual coding genetic algorithm.Commercial pipe diameters can be obtained through the optimization without adjustment. Examples showed that the algorithm was of good convergence and high precision on optimization problem of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system. Compared with the traditional design scheme,the annual total cost per unit irrigated area of optimized design scheme for rotational irrigation network was reduced by14. 85% ～ 35. 59%,and the annual total cost per unit irrigated area of optimized design scheme for continuous irrigation network was reduced by 4. 12% ～ 12. 99%. The simultaneous optimization method of layout and pipe diameter can be applied to the optimal design of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system on uniformly sloping fields which with sufficient water source. The research result had important theoretical value and practical significance in the optimization of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system for large irrigation area.
The problem of selecting the best pattern of layout and pipe diameter of each pipe in the microirrigation pipe network system has long been given considerable attention by engineers and obtained numerous research results. Micro-irrigation pipe network system is composed of rotational irrigation network( manifold and lateral) and continuous irrigation network( main and submain pipe). Previous studies did not treat micro-irrigation pipe network system as an integral and can not realize the simultaneous optimization of layout and pipe diameter combination. In addition,research results can not be applied to the optimization of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system for large irrigation area.The optimization method of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system was proposed. The mathematical models of rotational irrigation network and continuous irrigation network were established.The best control area,layout and pipe diameter of rotational and continuous irrigation network can be obtained simultaneously by solving the mathematical model with dual coding genetic algorithm.Commercial pipe diameters can be obtained through the optimization without adjustment. Examples showed that the algorithm was of good convergence and high precision on optimization problem of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system. Compared with the traditional design scheme,the annual total cost per unit irrigated area of optimized design scheme for rotational irrigation network was reduced by14. 85% ～ 35. 59%,and the annual total cost per unit irrigated area of optimized design scheme for continuous irrigation network was reduced by 4. 12% ～ 12. 99%. The simultaneous optimization method of layout and pipe diameter can be applied to the optimal design of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system on uniformly sloping fields which with sufficient water source. The research result had important theoretical value and practical significance in the optimization of pumping micro-irrigation pipe network system for large irrigation area.
引文
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[2]ROWELL W,BARNES J.Obtaining layout of water distribution systems[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1982,108(1):137-148.
[3]林性粹,张新平.利用正交表优化设计自压式低压管灌系统[J].灌溉排水,1993,12(4):25-29.LIN Xingcui,ZHANG Xinping.The optimal designing principle and method for gravitational low pressured pipe irrigation using the orthogonal scheme[J].Irrigation and Drainage,1993,12(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
[4]周荣敏,林性粹.应用单亲遗传算法进行树状管网优化布置[J].水利学报,2001,32(6):14-18.ZHOU Rongmin,LIN Xingcui.Application of single parent genetic algorithm for optimization of tree pipe network layout[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(6):14-18.(in Chinese)
[5]马孝义,范兴业,赵文举,等.基于整数编码遗传算法的树状灌溉管网优化设计方法[J].水利学报,2008,39(3):373-379.MA Xiaoyi,FAN Xingye,ZHAO Wenju,et al.Tree-type pipe network optimization design method based on integer coding genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(3):373-379.(in Chinese)
[6]付玉娟,蔡焕杰.基于列队竞争算法的重力输配水管网优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):118-122.FU Yujuan,CAI Huanjie.Pipe network optimization for maximal utilization rate of gravity head based on LCA[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(6):118-122.(in Chinese)
[7]杨建军,丁玉成,赵万华.基于双重编码遗传算法和图论的自压树状管网优化[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):81-85.YANG Jianjun,DING Yucheng,ZHAO Wanhua.Optimization of gravity tree-type pipe network based on dual coding genetic algorithm and graph theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(1):81-85.(in Chinese)
[8]MASOUMI M,KASHKOOLI B S,MONEM M J,et al.Multi-objective optimal design of on-demand pressurized irrigation networks[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(14):1-13.
[9]白丹.自压喷灌干管管网的优化计算[J].农业机械学报,1995,26(2):43-46.BAI Dan.The optimum design for gravity sprinkler pipe network[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1995,26(2):43-46.(in Chinese)
[10]LANSEY K E,MAYS L W.Optimization model for water distribution system design[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,115(10):1401-1418.
[11]王新坤,程冬玲,林性粹.单井滴灌干管管网的优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(3):41-44.WANG Xinkun,CHENG Dongling,LIN Xingcui.Optimum design of main pipe net for single well[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2001,17(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
[12]王新坤.基于不可行度的机压树状管网退火遗传算法优化[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(9):63-67.WANG Xinkun.Optimization of pumping tree pipe network by using annealing-genetic algorithms based on infeasible degree[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(9):63-67.(in Chinese)
[13]周荣敏,雷延峰,林性粹.压力输水树状管网遗传优化布置和神经网络优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):41-44.ZHOU Rongmin,LEI Yanfeng,LIN Xingcui.Genetic optimization layout and artificial neural networks optimal design of pressurized tree water-pipe network[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(1):41-44.(in Chinese)
[14]陈渠昌,郑耀泉.微灌田间管网支毛管优化设计探讨[J].灌溉排水,1996,15(1):17-21.CHEN Quchang,ZHENG Yaoquan.An optimization model for length design of branches and laterals in micro-irrigation pipe system[J].Irrigation and Drainage,1996,15(1):17-21.(in Chinese)
[15]白丹,王新.基于遗传算法的多孔变径管优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(2):42-45.BAI Dan,WANG Xin.Optimum design for tapered diameter pipeline with multiple outlets based on genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(2):42-45.(in Chinese)
[16]王新坤,蔡焕杰.微灌坡地双向毛管最佳支管位置遗传算法优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):31-35.WANG Xinkun,CAI Huanjie.Optimal design for the best submain position of micro-irrigation on slope with paired laterals by genetic algorithms[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(2):31-35.(in Chinese)
[17]白丹.微灌田间管网的优化[J].水利学报,1996(8):59-64.BAI Dan.Optimum design of the field network for micro-irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996(8):59-64.(in Chinese)
[18]白丹.微灌田间管网的混合整数规划模型[J].农业机械学报,1995,26(1):45-49.BAI Dan.Mixed integer programming of the field network for drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1995,26(1):45-49.(in Chinese)
[19]李援农,朱锋.基于最大控制面积和最低费用的微灌小区管网优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):80-87.LI Yuannong,ZHU Feng.Optimization of basic irrigation controlling area network for micro-irrigation based on maximum control area and minimum cost models[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(23):80-87.(in Chinese)
[20]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 50485-2009微灌工程技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[21]唐世浩,朱启疆.遗传算法中初始种群与交叉、变异率对解的影响及其解决方案[J].科技通报,2001,17(3):1-7.TANG Shihao,ZHU Qijiang.Effects of the initial population,crossover and mutation rate to the results of genetic algorithms and a possible solution scheme[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2001,17(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22]王跃宣,吴澄,胡昔祥,等.求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法[J].高技术通讯,2004,14(7):10-14.WANG Yuexuan,WU Cheng,HU Xixiang,et al.Annealing-genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems[J].High Technology Letters,2004,14(7):10-14.(in Chinese)
[2]ROWELL W,BARNES J.Obtaining layout of water distribution systems[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1982,108(1):137-148.
[3]林性粹,张新平.利用正交表优化设计自压式低压管灌系统[J].灌溉排水,1993,12(4):25-29.LIN Xingcui,ZHANG Xinping.The optimal designing principle and method for gravitational low pressured pipe irrigation using the orthogonal scheme[J].Irrigation and Drainage,1993,12(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
[4]周荣敏,林性粹.应用单亲遗传算法进行树状管网优化布置[J].水利学报,2001,32(6):14-18.ZHOU Rongmin,LIN Xingcui.Application of single parent genetic algorithm for optimization of tree pipe network layout[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(6):14-18.(in Chinese)
[5]马孝义,范兴业,赵文举,等.基于整数编码遗传算法的树状灌溉管网优化设计方法[J].水利学报,2008,39(3):373-379.MA Xiaoyi,FAN Xingye,ZHAO Wenju,et al.Tree-type pipe network optimization design method based on integer coding genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(3):373-379.(in Chinese)
[6]付玉娟,蔡焕杰.基于列队竞争算法的重力输配水管网优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):118-122.FU Yujuan,CAI Huanjie.Pipe network optimization for maximal utilization rate of gravity head based on LCA[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(6):118-122.(in Chinese)
[7]杨建军,丁玉成,赵万华.基于双重编码遗传算法和图论的自压树状管网优化[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):81-85.YANG Jianjun,DING Yucheng,ZHAO Wanhua.Optimization of gravity tree-type pipe network based on dual coding genetic algorithm and graph theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(1):81-85.(in Chinese)
[8]MASOUMI M,KASHKOOLI B S,MONEM M J,et al.Multi-objective optimal design of on-demand pressurized irrigation networks[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(14):1-13.
[9]白丹.自压喷灌干管管网的优化计算[J].农业机械学报,1995,26(2):43-46.BAI Dan.The optimum design for gravity sprinkler pipe network[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1995,26(2):43-46.(in Chinese)
[10]LANSEY K E,MAYS L W.Optimization model for water distribution system design[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,115(10):1401-1418.
[11]王新坤,程冬玲,林性粹.单井滴灌干管管网的优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(3):41-44.WANG Xinkun,CHENG Dongling,LIN Xingcui.Optimum design of main pipe net for single well[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2001,17(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
[12]王新坤.基于不可行度的机压树状管网退火遗传算法优化[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(9):63-67.WANG Xinkun.Optimization of pumping tree pipe network by using annealing-genetic algorithms based on infeasible degree[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(9):63-67.(in Chinese)
[13]周荣敏,雷延峰,林性粹.压力输水树状管网遗传优化布置和神经网络优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):41-44.ZHOU Rongmin,LEI Yanfeng,LIN Xingcui.Genetic optimization layout and artificial neural networks optimal design of pressurized tree water-pipe network[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(1):41-44.(in Chinese)
[14]陈渠昌,郑耀泉.微灌田间管网支毛管优化设计探讨[J].灌溉排水,1996,15(1):17-21.CHEN Quchang,ZHENG Yaoquan.An optimization model for length design of branches and laterals in micro-irrigation pipe system[J].Irrigation and Drainage,1996,15(1):17-21.(in Chinese)
[15]白丹,王新.基于遗传算法的多孔变径管优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(2):42-45.BAI Dan,WANG Xin.Optimum design for tapered diameter pipeline with multiple outlets based on genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(2):42-45.(in Chinese)
[16]王新坤,蔡焕杰.微灌坡地双向毛管最佳支管位置遗传算法优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):31-35.WANG Xinkun,CAI Huanjie.Optimal design for the best submain position of micro-irrigation on slope with paired laterals by genetic algorithms[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(2):31-35.(in Chinese)
[17]白丹.微灌田间管网的优化[J].水利学报,1996(8):59-64.BAI Dan.Optimum design of the field network for micro-irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996(8):59-64.(in Chinese)
[18]白丹.微灌田间管网的混合整数规划模型[J].农业机械学报,1995,26(1):45-49.BAI Dan.Mixed integer programming of the field network for drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1995,26(1):45-49.(in Chinese)
[19]李援农,朱锋.基于最大控制面积和最低费用的微灌小区管网优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):80-87.LI Yuannong,ZHU Feng.Optimization of basic irrigation controlling area network for micro-irrigation based on maximum control area and minimum cost models[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(23):80-87.(in Chinese)
[20]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 50485-2009微灌工程技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[21]唐世浩,朱启疆.遗传算法中初始种群与交叉、变异率对解的影响及其解决方案[J].科技通报,2001,17(3):1-7.TANG Shihao,ZHU Qijiang.Effects of the initial population,crossover and mutation rate to the results of genetic algorithms and a possible solution scheme[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2001,17(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22]王跃宣,吴澄,胡昔祥,等.求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法[J].高技术通讯,2004,14(7):10-14.WANG Yuexuan,WU Cheng,HU Xixiang,et al.Annealing-genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems[J].High Technology Letters,2004,14(7):10-14.(in Chinese)