农户农业雇工行为及其影响因素分析——基于河北省丰宁县291户调研数据
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摘要
[目的]随着农村劳动力转移与农村土地流转的加快,劳动力逐渐成为影响农业生产的重要问题,农业雇工成为补充农业劳动力的重要途径。研究农业雇工行为及其影响因素,对于农业劳动力市场完善、推动农业兴旺具有重要意义。[方法]基于微观经济理论对农户农业雇工行为影响因素进行数理分析,并基于河北省丰宁县291户农户调研数据进行实证分析。[结果](1)理论分析表明,农业产出的价格、农户资本禀赋、农户土地禀赋对农户雇工数量具有正向影响,而农户劳动力禀赋、雇工工资率则具有负向影响。(2)实证分析表明,调研农户中雇工或雇用机械服务的农户的比例从2008年的57.4%上升到2012年的63.9%,支出则从181.95元上升到318.04元;影响因素方面,劳动力工资、耕地面积对农户雇工支出具有显著的正向影响,家庭农业生产工时投入、担任村干部、居住地到信贷机构距离对农户雇工支出具有显著的负向影响,而农户资本相关变量等并未呈现显著影响。[结论]在城镇化进程和土地流转加快的背景下,提高农村地区金融服务水平、加强农业技能培训等可以进一步促进农村劳动力市场完善。
With the acceleration of rural labor mobility and rural land transfer,labor supply has been a key problem in agricultural production,and agricultural employment has become the important alternative way. It is essential to study the rural households' agricultural employment behavior and its influencing factors for the agricultural labor market and agriculture flourishment. Based on microeconomic theory,the influencing factors on the number of rural households' agricultural employee was mathematically examined and an empirical analysis was conducted based on the survey data of 291 households in Fengning county,Hebei province. It showed that the price of agricultural output,the household capital endowment,and the household land endowment had positive impacts on the optimal number of employee,while the household labor endowments and the wage rate of employees had negative impacts. The proportion of rural households employing labors or machinery services had increased from 57. 4% in 2008 to 63. 9% in 2012,and the expenditure had increased from 181. 95 yuan to 318. 04 yuan. In terms of influencing factors,the labor wages and the land area had significant positive effects on the employing expenditure,while the household labor input in agricultural production,being village leaders,distance from their residence to the financial agencies had significant negative impacts,with the capital-related variables having no significant effects. At the background of urbanization accelerating and land transfer increasing,improving the financial services in rural areas,and strengthening agricultural skills training can lead to the improvement of the rural labor market.
With the acceleration of rural labor mobility and rural land transfer,labor supply has been a key problem in agricultural production,and agricultural employment has become the important alternative way. It is essential to study the rural households' agricultural employment behavior and its influencing factors for the agricultural labor market and agriculture flourishment. Based on microeconomic theory,the influencing factors on the number of rural households' agricultural employee was mathematically examined and an empirical analysis was conducted based on the survey data of 291 households in Fengning county,Hebei province. It showed that the price of agricultural output,the household capital endowment,and the household land endowment had positive impacts on the optimal number of employee,while the household labor endowments and the wage rate of employees had negative impacts. The proportion of rural households employing labors or machinery services had increased from 57. 4% in 2008 to 63. 9% in 2012,and the expenditure had increased from 181. 95 yuan to 318. 04 yuan. In terms of influencing factors,the labor wages and the land area had significant positive effects on the employing expenditure,while the household labor input in agricultural production,being village leaders,distance from their residence to the financial agencies had significant negative impacts,with the capital-related variables having no significant effects. At the background of urbanization accelerating and land transfer increasing,improving the financial services in rural areas,and strengthening agricultural skills training can lead to the improvement of the rural labor market.
引文
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[16]农业农村部.全国农业机械化发展第十三个五年规划.中国农机化导报,2017-01-09(001)
[2]国家统计局,第三次全国农业普查主要数据公报(第五号).http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/nypcgb/qgnypcgb/201712/t20171215_1563599.html.[2017-12-16]/[2018-03-28]
[3]陈希敏.中国农村合作金融制度变迁研究.西北大学,2013
[4]鲁先凤.中国现阶段农业雇工的特征与成因简析.理论月刊,2008(12):154~157
[5]范力军.农忙时节农村内部劳动力雇用现象研究.安徽农学通报,2013(14):1~2
[6]金涛.农户农业雇工供给行为影响因素分析——来自陕西的经验证据.西北大学,2013
[7]王颜齐,毕欣宁,孟杰.土地规模化流转背景下农业雇工受雇意愿及影响因素分析.农业现代化研究,2017,38(03):460~466
[8]向倩雯.农村空心化背景下的农业雇工现状与特征简析.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(11):158~162
[9]陈昭玖,胡雯.农业规模经营的要素匹配:雇工经营抑或服务外包——基于赣粤两省农户问卷的实证分析.学术研究,2016(8):93~100,177
[10]李琴,李大胜,陈风波.地块特征对农业机械服务利用的影响分析——基于南方五省稻农的实证研究.农业经济问题,2017,38(7):43~52,110~111
[11]纪月清,王亚楠,钟甫宁.我国农户农机需求及其结构研究——基于省级层面数据的探讨.农业技术经济,2013(7):19~26
[12]胡新艳,杨晓莹,吕佳,等.服务外包与我国南方地区农业机械化发展——理论逻辑与经验分析.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(3):162~168,183
[13]蔡键,唐忠,朱勇.要素相对价格、土地资源条件与农户农业机械服务外包需求.中国农村经济,2017(8):18~28
[14]蔡键,刘文勇.农业机械化发展及其服务外包的原因分析——源自冀豫鲁3省问卷调查数据的证明.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(02):230~236
[15]农业农村部.全国农业机械化发展第十二个五年规划.中国农机化导报,2011-09-12(001)
[16]农业农村部.全国农业机械化发展第十三个五年规划.中国农机化导报,2017-01-09(001)