摘要
为合理利用肥料,发挥品种基因型优势,促进油菜高产稳产,本研究以‘丰油10号’为试验材料,在大田条件下考查了氮磷钾配比对2种不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状的影响,采用统计分析法比较分析了不同肥力土壤对施肥响应的特点与差异。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,不同氮磷钾配比均可显著提高油菜的产量、株高、有效分枝高和主花序有效角果数,氮磷钾肥配比为15:9:6时,油菜产量及主花序有效角果数均达到最高;相同施肥处理条件下,油菜产量、千粒重、单株有效角果数、一次有效分枝数、株高、有效分枝高、主序有效段长及有效角果数均表现出随土壤肥力升高而增加的趋势,但贫瘠土壤中的油菜产量始终低于中等肥力土壤的产量水平。结果说明,土壤肥力对油菜产量与经济性状具有重要影响,平衡配施氮磷钾肥,培肥土壤肥力,保证油菜全生育期正常生长发育的养分供给,是实现油菜稳产高产的关键。
To ensure rational utilization of fertilizer, exploit the advantage of genotypes, and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different proportions of N,P, and K fertilizer on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape of‘Fengyou 10'. The statistic alanalysis was used to investigate the responsive characteristics and difference of different fertility soils to fertilizer. The results showed that the seed yield, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape significantly increased under different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer treatments compared with that of CK(without fertilization), the seed yield and main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape both reached the highest level when the proportion of N, P, and K fertilizer was 15:9:6.Under the same fertilization condition, the seed yield, 1000-seed weight, effective pods number of per plant,primary effective branch number, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective length and effective pods number of oilseed rape all increased with the increase of soil fertility, however, the seed yield of poor soil fertility was always lower than that of middle fertility. The results illustrated that soil fertility wasimportant to seed yield and economic characters of oilseed rape, furthermore, balanced application of N, P, Kfertilizers, improvement of soil fertility and satisfactory nutrient supply in the whole growth period were essential for realizing a stable and high yield of rapeseed.
引文
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