氮磷钾配比对不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状的影响
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摘要
为合理利用肥料,发挥品种基因型优势,促进油菜高产稳产,本研究以‘丰油10号’为试验材料,在大田条件下考查了氮磷钾配比对2种不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状的影响,采用统计分析法比较分析了不同肥力土壤对施肥响应的特点与差异。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,不同氮磷钾配比均可显著提高油菜的产量、株高、有效分枝高和主花序有效角果数,氮磷钾肥配比为15:9:6时,油菜产量及主花序有效角果数均达到最高;相同施肥处理条件下,油菜产量、千粒重、单株有效角果数、一次有效分枝数、株高、有效分枝高、主序有效段长及有效角果数均表现出随土壤肥力升高而增加的趋势,但贫瘠土壤中的油菜产量始终低于中等肥力土壤的产量水平。结果说明,土壤肥力对油菜产量与经济性状具有重要影响,平衡配施氮磷钾肥,培肥土壤肥力,保证油菜全生育期正常生长发育的养分供给,是实现油菜稳产高产的关键。
To ensure rational utilization of fertilizer, exploit the advantage of genotypes, and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different proportions of N,P, and K fertilizer on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape of‘Fengyou 10'. The statistic alanalysis was used to investigate the responsive characteristics and difference of different fertility soils to fertilizer. The results showed that the seed yield, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape significantly increased under different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer treatments compared with that of CK(without fertilization), the seed yield and main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape both reached the highest level when the proportion of N, P, and K fertilizer was 15:9:6.Under the same fertilization condition, the seed yield, 1000-seed weight, effective pods number of per plant,primary effective branch number, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective length and effective pods number of oilseed rape all increased with the increase of soil fertility, however, the seed yield of poor soil fertility was always lower than that of middle fertility. The results illustrated that soil fertility wasimportant to seed yield and economic characters of oilseed rape, furthermore, balanced application of N, P, Kfertilizers, improvement of soil fertility and satisfactory nutrient supply in the whole growth period were essential for realizing a stable and high yield of rapeseed.
To ensure rational utilization of fertilizer, exploit the advantage of genotypes, and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different proportions of N,P, and K fertilizer on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape of‘Fengyou 10'. The statistic alanalysis was used to investigate the responsive characteristics and difference of different fertility soils to fertilizer. The results showed that the seed yield, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape significantly increased under different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer treatments compared with that of CK(without fertilization), the seed yield and main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape both reached the highest level when the proportion of N, P, and K fertilizer was 15:9:6.Under the same fertilization condition, the seed yield, 1000-seed weight, effective pods number of per plant,primary effective branch number, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective length and effective pods number of oilseed rape all increased with the increase of soil fertility, however, the seed yield of poor soil fertility was always lower than that of middle fertility. The results illustrated that soil fertility wasimportant to seed yield and economic characters of oilseed rape, furthermore, balanced application of N, P, Kfertilizers, improvement of soil fertility and satisfactory nutrient supply in the whole growth period were essential for realizing a stable and high yield of rapeseed.
引文
[1]余华胜,张冬青,林宝刚,等.不同肥料对苗期干旱胁迫油菜产量及经济性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(8):82-83.
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[14]贾赵东,边小峰,马佩勇,等.不同土壤肥力对甘薯干物质积累与分配的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1175-1181.
[15]宁运旺,马洪波,许仙菊,等.氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(30):486-495.
[16]王寅,李雅颖,鲁剑巍,等.栽培模式对直播油菜生长、产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):597-607.
[17]曾宇,雷雅丽,李京,等.氮、磷、钾用量与种植密度对油菜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):146-153.
[18]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[19]杨馨逸,刘小虎,韩晓日,等.施氮量对不同肥力土壤氮素转化及其利用率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2561-2571.
[20]邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,等.氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):917-924.
[21]丁广大,王改丽,叶祥盛,等.甘蓝型油菜氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(2):130-139.
[22]王寅,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果[J].作物学报,2013,39(8):1491-1500.
[23]杨晓东,刘燕,李文西,等.油菜氮肥总量控制及最佳施肥量研究[J].现代农业科技,2016,23:16-17.
[24]魏文慧,孙万仓,郭秀娟,等.氮磷钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):122-125.
[25]Mathe-Gaspar G,Radimszky L,Mathe P.Changes in growth parameters and water content of young canola in response to N fertilization on two sites[J].Cereal Research Communications,2008,36:1495-1498.
[26]刘海涛,李保国,任图生,等.不同肥力农田玉米产量构成差异及施肥弥补土壤肥力的可能性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):897-904.
[2]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142.
[3]张书法,朱家成,王建平,等.播期和密度对双油8号产量和经济性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(5):1308-1310.
[4]魏文慧,孙万仓,郭秀娟,等.氮磷钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):122-125.
[5]杨林,李书华,李霞,等.不同氮磷钾配施对芦笋生长和产量的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(2):48-54.
[6]马良,沈足金,朱玉祥,等.氮磷钾肥对油菜浙油50产量、经济效益及养分吸收利用的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(3):356-358.
[7]刘秀秀,鲁剑巍,王寅,等.氮磷钾肥施用对油菜产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国油料,2014,36(4):483-488.
[8]张军云,马丽华,王文智,等.施肥水平和种植密度对有机油菜产量的影响[J].农学学报,2016,6(1):62-65.
[9]刘波,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同栽培模式及施氮方式对油菜产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(18):3551-3560.
[10]程杨,刘新伟,宁大伟,等.氮磷钾配施对油菜产量及其构成因子的影响[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(5):111-116.
[11]张天才.配方施肥对油菜经济性状的影响和农艺效果分析[J].南方农业,2016,10(3):60.
[12]王易平,曹国军,胡红霞,等.肥料用量对油菜浔油8号产量及构成因子的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2012,6:819-821.
[13]鲁剑巍.中国油菜油菜生产的高产高效氮素管理[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(18):3504-3505.
[14]贾赵东,边小峰,马佩勇,等.不同土壤肥力对甘薯干物质积累与分配的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1175-1181.
[15]宁运旺,马洪波,许仙菊,等.氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(30):486-495.
[16]王寅,李雅颖,鲁剑巍,等.栽培模式对直播油菜生长、产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):597-607.
[17]曾宇,雷雅丽,李京,等.氮、磷、钾用量与种植密度对油菜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):146-153.
[18]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[19]杨馨逸,刘小虎,韩晓日,等.施氮量对不同肥力土壤氮素转化及其利用率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2561-2571.
[20]邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,等.氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):917-924.
[21]丁广大,王改丽,叶祥盛,等.甘蓝型油菜氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(2):130-139.
[22]王寅,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果[J].作物学报,2013,39(8):1491-1500.
[23]杨晓东,刘燕,李文西,等.油菜氮肥总量控制及最佳施肥量研究[J].现代农业科技,2016,23:16-17.
[24]魏文慧,孙万仓,郭秀娟,等.氮磷钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):122-125.
[25]Mathe-Gaspar G,Radimszky L,Mathe P.Changes in growth parameters and water content of young canola in response to N fertilization on two sites[J].Cereal Research Communications,2008,36:1495-1498.
[26]刘海涛,李保国,任图生,等.不同肥力农田玉米产量构成差异及施肥弥补土壤肥力的可能性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):897-904.