氮肥运筹方式对不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状的影响
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摘要
为明确油菜(Brassica napus L.)适宜的氮肥施用方式,促进油菜高产稳产,采用田间试验研究了氮肥运筹方式对丰油10号在2种不同肥力土壤中产量与经济性状的影响,并比较分析了不同肥力土壤对氮肥运筹方式响应的特点与差异。结果表明,施氮处理中的产量与相关经济性状均高于不施肥对照;施氮处理中,氮肥作基肥和越冬肥分两次施入且比例为7∶3时,油菜产量均显著高于对照且达到最高,氮肥作基肥、越冬肥与蕾薹肥分3次施入且比例为5∶3∶2时,油菜产量虽明显高于对照但均为最低。说明,充足的氮素供应是油菜苗期正常生长发育的基础,纯氮用量在192 kg/hm~2且基肥和越冬肥比例为7∶3时,能够较好的协调油菜高产与氮肥运筹利用的统一,获得较高的油菜产量。
To explore the suitable method of nitrogen fertilizer application of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, Fengyou No.10 was took as experimental material in this paper. Field experiments were carried out to study nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape planted in two different fertility soil, and to compare fertilizer response differences and characteristic of two different fertility soil to nitrogen fertilizer application. The results showed that,seed yield and related economical characters in the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were mostly higher than the control of no fertilizer application. Among the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments,seed yield of the two soil fertility were both significantly higher than the control and reached the highest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer and the proportion of the two was 7∶3; seed yield of the two soil fertility were both obviously higher than the control and reached the lowest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer, overwintering fertilizer and bud fertilizer and the proportion of these three was 5 ∶3 ∶2. It indicated that sufficient nitrogen was the basis for the normal growth and development of oilseed rape at seedling stage. The dosage of pure nitrogen was 192 kg/hm~2 and the proportion of base fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer was 7 ∶3,high yield of oilseed rape and utilization of nitrogen application mode could reach the better coordinate, higher seed yield would be obtain.
To explore the suitable method of nitrogen fertilizer application of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, Fengyou No.10 was took as experimental material in this paper. Field experiments were carried out to study nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape planted in two different fertility soil, and to compare fertilizer response differences and characteristic of two different fertility soil to nitrogen fertilizer application. The results showed that,seed yield and related economical characters in the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were mostly higher than the control of no fertilizer application. Among the nitrogen fertilizer application treatments,seed yield of the two soil fertility were both significantly higher than the control and reached the highest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer and the proportion of the two was 7∶3; seed yield of the two soil fertility were both obviously higher than the control and reached the lowest level when nitrogen fertilizer was divided into base fertilizer, overwintering fertilizer and bud fertilizer and the proportion of these three was 5 ∶3 ∶2. It indicated that sufficient nitrogen was the basis for the normal growth and development of oilseed rape at seedling stage. The dosage of pure nitrogen was 192 kg/hm~2 and the proportion of base fertilizer and overwintering fertilizer was 7 ∶3,high yield of oilseed rape and utilization of nitrogen application mode could reach the better coordinate, higher seed yield would be obtain.
引文
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[18]郑伟,叶川,肖国滨,等.氮肥运筹对红壤稻田移栽油菜氮磷钾养分积累特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(6):63-68.
[19]刘波,魏全全,鲁剑巍,等.苗期渍水和氮肥用量对直播冬油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):144-153.
[20]王维国,李庆生,李建龙,等.氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量形成的影响[J].江苏农业科学,1995(1):42-45.
[21]袁卫红.不同施氮水平对两系杂交油菜两优586产量及经济性状的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2):50-52.
[22]朱怡,钱晓刚.氮肥不同施用时期对杂选一号产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2004(6):26-27.
[2]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142.
[3]邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,等.氮磷钾硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):917-924.
[4]丁广大,王改丽,叶祥盛,等.甘蓝型油菜氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):130-139.
[5]王寅,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果[J].作物学报,2013,44(8):1491-1500.
[6]李志玉,郭庆元,廖星,等.不同氮水平对双低油菜中双9号产量和品质的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2007,29(2):78-82.
[7]苏伟,鲁剑巍,李云春,等.氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量、氮肥利用率及氮素淋失的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(4):558-562.
[8]吴永成,李壮,牛应泽,等.高密度直播油菜高产优质和氮肥高效的适宜氮肥施用方式[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1184-1189.
[9]李生秀.植物营养与肥料学科的现状与展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(3):193-205.
[10]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高氮肥利用率研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[11]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):559-565.
[12]肖国滨,郑伟,叶川,等.氮肥运筹对红壤稻田移栽油菜产量及生长发育的影响[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(7):112-115.
[13]李大群,雷廷英,汪森富,等.油菜“3414”肥料效应试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2010(9):53-54.
[14]李锦霞,张瑛,李爱民,等.油菜新品种宁杂1818氮肥运筹试验[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(6):1015-1018.
[15]许征宇,张祥明,胡润,等.油菜氮磷钾肥效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(5):2297-2299.
[16]左青松,唐瑶,石剑飞,等.不同氮素籽粒生产效率油菜品种物质生产及产量构成的差异[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(9):3985-3987.
[17]赵士诚,魏美艳,仇少君,等.氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):20-25.
[18]郑伟,叶川,肖国滨,等.氮肥运筹对红壤稻田移栽油菜氮磷钾养分积累特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(6):63-68.
[19]刘波,魏全全,鲁剑巍,等.苗期渍水和氮肥用量对直播冬油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):144-153.
[20]王维国,李庆生,李建龙,等.氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量形成的影响[J].江苏农业科学,1995(1):42-45.
[21]袁卫红.不同施氮水平对两系杂交油菜两优586产量及经济性状的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2):50-52.
[22]朱怡,钱晓刚.氮肥不同施用时期对杂选一号产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2004(6):26-27.