河南省不同轮作区双低杂交油菜氮磷钾肥的效应研究
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摘要
确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用"3414"最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N_2P_2K_3,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm~2,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm~2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N_2P_2K_3,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N_1P_1K_2,产量为2 801.4kg/hm~2,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm~2,相比最高产量的施肥配方N_2P_3K_2,产值减少875.3元/hm~2,经济效益增长472.4元/hm~2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N_1P_1K_2,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。
A "3414" fertilizer experiment was developed to determine the optimum fertilization proportions in various rotating areas of Henan Province. Winter rape variety Fengyou No.10 was used to investigate the N, P and K fertilizer effects on rapeseed yield, agronomy efficiency(AE), nutrient productivity and economic benefit. We then analyzed the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts in various rotating areas by the fertilizer efficiency models. In two rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan, the fertilizer formula N_2P_2K_3 produced the highest yield and economic benefit which averaged 3 204.15 kg/hm~2 and 13 485.5 yuan/hm~2, respectively. The yield was increased by an average of 15.33, 22.20 and 22.17 kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. Therefore, N_2P_2K_3 were the optimum fertilization rates in rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan. The fertilizer formula of the highest economic benefit in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N_1P_1K_2 which produced an economic benefit of 12 599.4 yuan/hm~2 and a yield of 2 801.4 kg/hm~2. Compared with the highest yield fertilizer formula N_2P_3K_2, the output value of N_1P_1K_2 decreased by 875.3 yuan/hm~2, but the economic benefit increased by 472.4 yuan/hm~2. The yield was increased by an average of 4.05, 6.07 and 5.87 kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum fertilization rates in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N_1P_1K_2. These two fertilization rates would bring about high yields and greate conomic benefit.
A "3414" fertilizer experiment was developed to determine the optimum fertilization proportions in various rotating areas of Henan Province. Winter rape variety Fengyou No.10 was used to investigate the N, P and K fertilizer effects on rapeseed yield, agronomy efficiency(AE), nutrient productivity and economic benefit. We then analyzed the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts in various rotating areas by the fertilizer efficiency models. In two rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan, the fertilizer formula N_2P_2K_3 produced the highest yield and economic benefit which averaged 3 204.15 kg/hm~2 and 13 485.5 yuan/hm~2, respectively. The yield was increased by an average of 15.33, 22.20 and 22.17 kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. Therefore, N_2P_2K_3 were the optimum fertilization rates in rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan. The fertilizer formula of the highest economic benefit in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N_1P_1K_2 which produced an economic benefit of 12 599.4 yuan/hm~2 and a yield of 2 801.4 kg/hm~2. Compared with the highest yield fertilizer formula N_2P_3K_2, the output value of N_1P_1K_2 decreased by 875.3 yuan/hm~2, but the economic benefit increased by 472.4 yuan/hm~2. The yield was increased by an average of 4.05, 6.07 and 5.87 kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum fertilization rates in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N_1P_1K_2. These two fertilization rates would bring about high yields and greate conomic benefit.
引文
[1]张书芬,朱家成,王建平,等.河南省油菜遗传育种研究进展与主要成效.河南农业科学,2016,45(6):34-39.
[2]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.氮磷钾硼肥施用对长江流域油菜产量及经济效益的影响.作物学报,2009,35(1):87-92.
[3]杨勇,刘强,宋海星,等.不同氮磷钾配比对冬油菜生长和产量的影响.西北农业学报,2011,20(4):70-75.
[4]彭建伟,田昌,宋海星,等.氮磷钾配比与用量对湘杂油763产量和经济效益的影响.生态学杂志,2012,31(4):856-861.
[5]李慧,马常宝,鲁剑魏,等.中国不同区域油菜氮磷钾肥增产效果.中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1837-1847.
[6]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜氮肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2008,30(2):218-223.
[7]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜钾肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):469-475.
[8]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜磷肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2009,31(1):44-50.
[9]邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,等.氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(5):917-924.
[10]王圣瑞,陈新平,高祥照,等.“3414”肥料试验模型拟合的探讨.植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(4):409-413.
[11]陈新平,张福锁.通过“3414”试验建立测土配方施肥技术指标体系.中国农技推广,2006,22(4):36-39.
[12]章明清,李娟,孔庆波,等.作物肥料效应函数模型研究进展与展望.土壤学报,2016,53(6):1343-1356.
[13]孙义祥,郭跃升,于舜帐,等.应用“3414”试验建立冬小麦测土配方施肥指标体系.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):197-203.
[14]朱桂玉,区惠平,何佳,等.免耕水稻在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究.中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):48-52.
[15]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142.
[16]邹敏.不同配比氮磷钾对油菜产量的影响.农技服务,2013,30(10):1059-1060,1062.
[17]邹娟,朱建强,吴启侠,等.氮磷钾施用对薹花期受渍油菜产量及养分吸收的影响.湖北农业科学,2015,54(20):4956-4959.
[18]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径.土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[19]刘芬,同延安,王小英,等.渭北旱塬小麦施肥效果及肥料利用效率研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):552-558.
[20]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究.作物学报,2011,37(4):729-734.
[21]介晓磊,韩燕来,谭金芳,等.不同肥力和土壤质地条件下麦田氮肥利用率的研究.作物学报,1998,24(6):884-888.
[22]白苇,杨素梅,尹海峰,等.冀西北地区施用氮磷钾肥对食葵产量和经济效益的影响.作物杂志,2016(5):131-134.
[23]代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究.作物杂志,2016(5):147-151.
[2]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.氮磷钾硼肥施用对长江流域油菜产量及经济效益的影响.作物学报,2009,35(1):87-92.
[3]杨勇,刘强,宋海星,等.不同氮磷钾配比对冬油菜生长和产量的影响.西北农业学报,2011,20(4):70-75.
[4]彭建伟,田昌,宋海星,等.氮磷钾配比与用量对湘杂油763产量和经济效益的影响.生态学杂志,2012,31(4):856-861.
[5]李慧,马常宝,鲁剑魏,等.中国不同区域油菜氮磷钾肥增产效果.中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1837-1847.
[6]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜氮肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2008,30(2):218-223.
[7]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜钾肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):469-475.
[8]李银水,鲁剑巍,邹娟,等.湖北省油菜磷肥效应及推荐用量研究.中国油料作物学报,2009,31(1):44-50.
[9]邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,等.氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(5):917-924.
[10]王圣瑞,陈新平,高祥照,等.“3414”肥料试验模型拟合的探讨.植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(4):409-413.
[11]陈新平,张福锁.通过“3414”试验建立测土配方施肥技术指标体系.中国农技推广,2006,22(4):36-39.
[12]章明清,李娟,孔庆波,等.作物肥料效应函数模型研究进展与展望.土壤学报,2016,53(6):1343-1356.
[13]孙义祥,郭跃升,于舜帐,等.应用“3414”试验建立冬小麦测土配方施肥指标体系.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):197-203.
[14]朱桂玉,区惠平,何佳,等.免耕水稻在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究.中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):48-52.
[15]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142.
[16]邹敏.不同配比氮磷钾对油菜产量的影响.农技服务,2013,30(10):1059-1060,1062.
[17]邹娟,朱建强,吴启侠,等.氮磷钾施用对薹花期受渍油菜产量及养分吸收的影响.湖北农业科学,2015,54(20):4956-4959.
[18]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径.土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[19]刘芬,同延安,王小英,等.渭北旱塬小麦施肥效果及肥料利用效率研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):552-558.
[20]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究.作物学报,2011,37(4):729-734.
[21]介晓磊,韩燕来,谭金芳,等.不同肥力和土壤质地条件下麦田氮肥利用率的研究.作物学报,1998,24(6):884-888.
[22]白苇,杨素梅,尹海峰,等.冀西北地区施用氮磷钾肥对食葵产量和经济效益的影响.作物杂志,2016(5):131-134.
[23]代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究.作物杂志,2016(5):147-151.