考虑间隙和拧紧力矩的复合材料钉载分配均匀化方法
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摘要
一种通过调整钉-孔间隙和拧紧力矩改善复合材料多钉连接钉载分配不均匀性的方法被提出。首先,基于改进的钉载分配测量方法测量各钉承载比例,采用SPSS软件得到各钉载比例的多元线性回归函数,并以钉-孔间隙和拧紧力矩为设计变量,建立多钉连接钉载分配的线性优化模型。然后,采用单纯形算法对优化模型进行求解,得到优化解。最后,以三钉单剪连接为例,对比计算和试验测量结果。结果表明:求解结果与试验测量结果吻合度较高;优化后,最高钉载比例从36.06%降低到33.45%;三钉单剪连接结构承载能力提高约10.8%,且改善结构失效形式为钉-孔挤压失效。
A method of adjusting bolt-hole clearance and bolt torqued is proposed to improve the pin-load distribution in multibolt composite joints.First of all,based on the improved pin-load distribution measurement method,the multiple linear regression function of each pin-load ratio is obtained by SPSS and a linear optimization model is established with the bolt-hole clearance and bolt torque as design variables.Then,the optimization model is solved by simplex algorithm,obtaining the optimal solution.At last,the three-bolt,single-lap joint is taken as an example to compare the calculation and experimental results.The results show that the calculated optimization results agree well with the experimental results.After optimization,the maximum pin-load proportion decreases dramatically from 36.06%to 33.45%;the bearing capacity of the three-bolt,single-lap joints has increased by 10.8%;and the structure failure has been improved to pin-hole bearing failure.
A method of adjusting bolt-hole clearance and bolt torqued is proposed to improve the pin-load distribution in multibolt composite joints.First of all,based on the improved pin-load distribution measurement method,the multiple linear regression function of each pin-load ratio is obtained by SPSS and a linear optimization model is established with the bolt-hole clearance and bolt torque as design variables.Then,the optimization model is solved by simplex algorithm,obtaining the optimal solution.At last,the three-bolt,single-lap joint is taken as an example to compare the calculation and experimental results.The results show that the calculated optimization results agree well with the experimental results.After optimization,the maximum pin-load proportion decreases dramatically from 36.06%to 33.45%;the bearing capacity of the three-bolt,single-lap joints has increased by 10.8%;and the structure failure has been improved to pin-hole bearing failure.
引文
[1]谢鸣九,黎观生,章怡宁.复合材料连接[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2011:129-293.XIE M J,LI G S,ZHANG Y N.Joints for composites materials[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2011:129-293(in Chinese).
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[3]XIANG J,ZHAO S,LI D,et al.An improved spring method for calculating the load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,117:1-8.
[4]GRAY P J,MCCARTHY C T.A highly efficient userdefined finite element for load distribution analysis of large-scale bolted composite structures[J].Composites Science&Technology,2011,71(12):1517-1527.
[5]CHENG X,WANG S,ZHANG J,et al.Effect of damage on failure mode of multi-bolt composite joints using failure envelope method[J].Composite Structures,2017,160:8-15.
[6]张纪奎,马志阳,程小全,等.复合材料三钉单搭连接有限元模拟与钉载分布[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(3):179-183.ZHANG J K,MA Z Y,CHENG X Q,et al.Finite element model and load distribution analysis for three boltbolt single-lap composite joints[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2012,29(3):179-183(in Chinese).
[7]李念,任飞翔,陈普会,等.GBJM方法的改进及其在含钉群复合材料结构钉载分配和承载能力分析中的应用[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(1):176-181.LI N,REN F X,CHEN P H,et al.An improved GBJMmethod and its application in bolt load distribution and load capacity analysis of composite structures with bolt group[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(1):176-181(in Chinese).
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[10]刘向东,李亚智,舒怀,等.多钉连接钉载分配特性研究方法[J].复合材料材料学报,2013,30(1):210-217.LIU X D,LI Y Z,SHU H,et al.Experimental and numerical study on the pin-load distribution of multiple-bolted joints[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(1):210-217(in Chinese).
[11]LAWLOR V P,MCCARTHY M A,STANLEY W F.An experimental study of bolt-hole clearance effects in double-lap,multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composite Structures,2005,71(2):176-190.
[12]MCCARTHY M A.An experimental study of bolt-hole clearance effects in single-lap,multibolt composite joints[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2005,39(9):799-825.
[13]WATKINS M,JAKIELA M.Fastener pattern optimization of an eccentrically loaded multi-fastener connection[C]∥ASME 2010International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2010:1209-1218.
[14]邵祝涛.层合板机械连接强度分析与优化及软件开发[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.SHAO Z T.Strength analysis and optimization of mechanical joints in composite laminates and development of software[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[15]YUN J H,CHOI J H,KWEON J H.A study on the strength improvement of the multi-bolted joint[J].Composite Structures,2014,108(1):409-416.
[16]MANDAL B,CHAKRABARTI A.A simple homogenization scheme for 3Dfinite element analysis of composite bolted joints[J].Composite Structures,2015,120(120):1-9.
[17]谢宗蕻,李想,郭家平,等.考虑间隙配合的复合材料钉载分配均匀化方法[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(4):806-813.XIE Z H,LI X,GUO J P,et al.Load distribution homogenization method of multi-bolt composite joint with consideration of bolt-hole clearance[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(4):806-813(in Chinese).
[18]TAHERI-BEHROOZ F,KASHANI A R S,HEFZABADR N.Effects of material nonlinearity on load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composite Structures,2015,125:195-201.
[19]侯赤,万小朋,黄河源,等.复合材料层合板多钉连接的紧固件连接柔度[J].航空学报,2018,39(3):225193.HOU C,WAN X P,HUANG H Y,et al.Fastenerconnection flexibility of multi-bolted joint of composite laminate[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(3):225193(in Chinese).
[20]HYER M W,KLANG E C,COOPER D E.The effects of pin elasticity,clearance,and friction on the stresses in a pin-loaded orthotropic plate[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1987,21(3):190-206.
[21]IREMAN T.Three-dimensional stress analysis of bolted single-lap composite joints[J].Composite Structures,1998,43(3):195-216.
[22]LANGELLA A,CARBONE R,NELE L,et al.An analytical closed-form model to evaluate the peel and shear stresses in middle plane for adhesively bonded composite single-lap joints[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2012,46(1):3-17.
[23]ARMANIOS E A,BUCINELL R B,WILSON D W,et al.Temperature effects on ultimate bearing strength of polymeric composite joints[J].Journal of Composites Technology&Research,2002,24(1):17-23.
[24]WALKER S.Thermal effects on the pin-bearing behavior of IM7/PETI-5composite joints[J].Journal of Computer Material,2002,36(23):2623-51.
[2]MCCARTHY C T,GRAY P J.An analytical model for the prediction of load distribution in highly torqued multibolt composite joints[J].Composite Structures,2011,93(2):287-298.
[3]XIANG J,ZHAO S,LI D,et al.An improved spring method for calculating the load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,117:1-8.
[4]GRAY P J,MCCARTHY C T.A highly efficient userdefined finite element for load distribution analysis of large-scale bolted composite structures[J].Composites Science&Technology,2011,71(12):1517-1527.
[5]CHENG X,WANG S,ZHANG J,et al.Effect of damage on failure mode of multi-bolt composite joints using failure envelope method[J].Composite Structures,2017,160:8-15.
[6]张纪奎,马志阳,程小全,等.复合材料三钉单搭连接有限元模拟与钉载分布[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(3):179-183.ZHANG J K,MA Z Y,CHENG X Q,et al.Finite element model and load distribution analysis for three boltbolt single-lap composite joints[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2012,29(3):179-183(in Chinese).
[7]李念,任飞翔,陈普会,等.GBJM方法的改进及其在含钉群复合材料结构钉载分配和承载能力分析中的应用[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(1):176-181.LI N,REN F X,CHEN P H,et al.An improved GBJMmethod and its application in bolt load distribution and load capacity analysis of composite structures with bolt group[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(1):176-181(in Chinese).
[8]FEO L,MARRA G,MOSALLAM A S.Stress analysis of multi-bolted joints for FRP pultruded composite structures[J].Composite Structures,2012,94(12):3769-3780.
[9]张建宇,刘丰睿,山美娟,等.复合材料多钉连接钉载矢量传感器[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(5):1420-1427.ZHANG J Y,LIU F R,SHAN M J,et al.Instrumented bolt for load vector of composite multi-bolt joints[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(5):1420-1427(in Chinese).
[10]刘向东,李亚智,舒怀,等.多钉连接钉载分配特性研究方法[J].复合材料材料学报,2013,30(1):210-217.LIU X D,LI Y Z,SHU H,et al.Experimental and numerical study on the pin-load distribution of multiple-bolted joints[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(1):210-217(in Chinese).
[11]LAWLOR V P,MCCARTHY M A,STANLEY W F.An experimental study of bolt-hole clearance effects in double-lap,multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composite Structures,2005,71(2):176-190.
[12]MCCARTHY M A.An experimental study of bolt-hole clearance effects in single-lap,multibolt composite joints[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2005,39(9):799-825.
[13]WATKINS M,JAKIELA M.Fastener pattern optimization of an eccentrically loaded multi-fastener connection[C]∥ASME 2010International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,2010:1209-1218.
[14]邵祝涛.层合板机械连接强度分析与优化及软件开发[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.SHAO Z T.Strength analysis and optimization of mechanical joints in composite laminates and development of software[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[15]YUN J H,CHOI J H,KWEON J H.A study on the strength improvement of the multi-bolted joint[J].Composite Structures,2014,108(1):409-416.
[16]MANDAL B,CHAKRABARTI A.A simple homogenization scheme for 3Dfinite element analysis of composite bolted joints[J].Composite Structures,2015,120(120):1-9.
[17]谢宗蕻,李想,郭家平,等.考虑间隙配合的复合材料钉载分配均匀化方法[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(4):806-813.XIE Z H,LI X,GUO J P,et al.Load distribution homogenization method of multi-bolt composite joint with consideration of bolt-hole clearance[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(4):806-813(in Chinese).
[18]TAHERI-BEHROOZ F,KASHANI A R S,HEFZABADR N.Effects of material nonlinearity on load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints[J].Composite Structures,2015,125:195-201.
[19]侯赤,万小朋,黄河源,等.复合材料层合板多钉连接的紧固件连接柔度[J].航空学报,2018,39(3):225193.HOU C,WAN X P,HUANG H Y,et al.Fastenerconnection flexibility of multi-bolted joint of composite laminate[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(3):225193(in Chinese).
[20]HYER M W,KLANG E C,COOPER D E.The effects of pin elasticity,clearance,and friction on the stresses in a pin-loaded orthotropic plate[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1987,21(3):190-206.
[21]IREMAN T.Three-dimensional stress analysis of bolted single-lap composite joints[J].Composite Structures,1998,43(3):195-216.
[22]LANGELLA A,CARBONE R,NELE L,et al.An analytical closed-form model to evaluate the peel and shear stresses in middle plane for adhesively bonded composite single-lap joints[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2012,46(1):3-17.
[23]ARMANIOS E A,BUCINELL R B,WILSON D W,et al.Temperature effects on ultimate bearing strength of polymeric composite joints[J].Journal of Composites Technology&Research,2002,24(1):17-23.
[24]WALKER S.Thermal effects on the pin-bearing behavior of IM7/PETI-5composite joints[J].Journal of Computer Material,2002,36(23):2623-51.