公共健康伦理的公益性原则刍议
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摘要
从厘清公共卫生和公共健康的关系出发,基于相关概念演变、理论研究现状、伦理价值"目的善"的角度论证凸显公共健康的核心地位。谈及公益性是公共健康伦理研究内在的价值追求,但公共健康实践中存在着公益性缺失特别是时下热点事件发生所暴露出的问题更是说明公共健康伦理强调公益性的伦理正当;同时强调公共健康的公益性对于体现人的尊严、缓和伦理冲突、维护社会正义又具有伦理应当性。为此,试从重视伦理冲突和解、责任共同体建立、关注国民健康素养提升等方面探索公共健康伦理公益性回归的突破口。
Starting from clarifying the relationship between public health and public health, this paper demonstrates the core position of public health from the perspectives of related concepts evolution, theoretical research status, and ethical value "good for purpose". General welfare is the intrinsic value pursuit of public health ethics research, but the lack of general welfare in public health practice, especially the problems exposed by current hot events, shows that public health ethics emphasizes the ethical legitimacy of general welfare; at the same time, it emphasizes that general welfare of public health is ethical to embody human dignity, ease ethical conflicts, and safeguard social justice. This paper tries to explore the breakthrough of the return of public health ethics from the aspects of paying attention to the reconciliation of ethical conflicts, the establishment of responsibility community and the improvement of national health literacy.
Starting from clarifying the relationship between public health and public health, this paper demonstrates the core position of public health from the perspectives of related concepts evolution, theoretical research status, and ethical value "good for purpose". General welfare is the intrinsic value pursuit of public health ethics research, but the lack of general welfare in public health practice, especially the problems exposed by current hot events, shows that public health ethics emphasizes the ethical legitimacy of general welfare; at the same time, it emphasizes that general welfare of public health is ethical to embody human dignity, ease ethical conflicts, and safeguard social justice. This paper tries to explore the breakthrough of the return of public health ethics from the aspects of paying attention to the reconciliation of ethical conflicts, the establishment of responsibility community and the improvement of national health literacy.
引文
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[21]张新宝.中华人民共和国民法总则[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2017:3.
[22]朱海林.保护性干预与惩罚性干预:艾滋病危险性行为干预的价值难题[J].昆明理工大学学报:社会科学版,2018,18(4):19-25.
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[26]廖申白.伦理学概论[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2009:173.
[27]熊茂友.我国医共体建设的亮点、难点与切入点[J].中国财政,2018,63(3):58-60.
[28]王擎宇.国民健康素养缺乏成“健康中国”短板[EB/OL].(2018-09-14)[2018-12-18].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1611550929396458184&wfr=spider&for=pc&sa=kf&from=sin glemessage.
[2]喻文德.公共健康伦理探究[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2015.
[3]史军.权利与善:公共健康的伦理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.
[4]喻文德,李伦.国外的公共健康伦理研究[J].河北学刊,2010,30(1):26-29.
[5]翟晓梅,邱仁宗.公共卫生伦理学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:4.
[6]朱海林,韩跃红.国内公共健康伦理研究综述[J].昆明理工大学学报:社会科学版,2012,12(2):7-13.
[7]朱海林.公共健康伦理学的中国语境和中国意识[J].河南师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2018,45(4):10-16.
[8]国务院.“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].(2017-12-01)[2018-12-18].https://wk.baidu.com/view/87498220e97101f69e3143323968011ca300f762?fromShare=1&from=singlemessage.
[9]石珊.谱写新时代伦理学发展的新篇章[J].道德与文明,2018,37(2):150-151.
[10]王志杰,王亮.卫生政策走向与公共健康及其伦理思考[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2006,27(10):24-25.
[11]李红文.个人权利与共同善:公共卫生政策中的伦理冲突及其解决[J].医学与哲学,2016,37(9A):32-35.
[12]黄洁夫,薛晓林,陈建平.中国医院协会医院管理指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:4.
[13]钱军程,孟群.论医疗卫生事业的公益性与公益度[J].中国卫生政策研究,2014,7(12):70-74.
[14]吕冰瑶.疫苗事件痛彻骨髓,招标采购前情后果[J].中国招标,2018(39):29-31.
[15]黄琨.疫苗造假后遗症:各地出现“疫苗荒”市场供应仅为去年同期不到一半[EB/OL].(2018-11-08)[2018-12-18].https://m.baidu.com/sf?pd=realtime_article&openapi=1&dispName=iphone&from_sf=1&resource_id=4584&word==http%3A%2F%2Ft.qianzhan.com%2Fcaijing%2Fdetail%2F181108-72be01c9.html&source.
[16]宋艳平,刘宝花,白旭,等.医药分开综合改革对北京市朝阳区信访量的影响[J].医学与社会,2019,32(2):25-29.
[17]徐敢.医药分开背景下社会药房药事服务费探索[J].中国药事,2018,32(11):1462-1466.
[18]朱燕刚,郭永瑾,罗力,等.公立医院公益性内涵界定与评价[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2013,20(8):706-708.
[19]袁江帆,陈伟,高杨,等.从患者视角研究医疗纠纷的数据统计分析[J].中国医院,2017,21(4):1-5.
[20]朱海林.公共健康伦理的基本论域[J].齐鲁学刊,2018,45(3):64-69.
[21]张新宝.中华人民共和国民法总则[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2017:3.
[22]朱海林.保护性干预与惩罚性干预:艾滋病危险性行为干预的价值难题[J].昆明理工大学学报:社会科学版,2018,18(4):19-25.
[23]王喜文,张肖阳,肖巍.社会公正:公共健康伦理的时代课题[J].河北学刊,2010,30(1):23-26.
[24]罗尔斯.正义论[M].何怀宏,何包钢,廖申白,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:60.
[25]朱海林,李粲.公共健康与公民权利:艾滋病防控的价值两难[J].大连理工大学学报:社会科学版,2010,31(2):69-72.
[26]廖申白.伦理学概论[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2009:173.
[27]熊茂友.我国医共体建设的亮点、难点与切入点[J].中国财政,2018,63(3):58-60.
[28]王擎宇.国民健康素养缺乏成“健康中国”短板[EB/OL].(2018-09-14)[2018-12-18].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1611550929396458184&wfr=spider&for=pc&sa=kf&from=sin glemessage.