四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层改造实验与应用
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摘要
为了提升四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层的改造效果,研究了高温下不同酸液的酸岩反应速率、高闭合压力下不同酸液及不同注入方式下酸蚀裂缝导流能力保持率、酸液穿透实验最低穿透时间、酸蚀裂缝形态特征数值化特征表述及暂堵球转向暂堵效果。在此基础上,提出了适合灯影组储层改造的主体酸液类型,以及适合不同储层类型的主体改造工艺,优化了施工参数。现场试验18口井,平均单井获得井口测试天然气产量45.482×10~4m~3/d。结论认为:①酸岩反应速率影响因素大小为酸液类型>温度>转速>酸液浓度>同离子效应,灯影组储层酸化要考虑酸液类型、转速(施工排量)的优化及工艺上降温措施;②采用自生酸+胶凝酸+转向酸注入顺序不但能实现深穿透,而且能同时获得较高的导流能力;③孔洞型储层采用高温胶凝酸改造,非均质性强的储层采用高温转向酸实现均匀改造,岩性致密、裂缝及孔洞均不发育的储层宜采用自生酸与主体酸交替注入造长缝改造;④除了少数裂缝发育储层外,主体工艺应以深度酸压为主;⑤解堵酸化施工排量应不低于3.5 m~3/min;⑥可溶解暂堵球转向酸化工艺技术能够调整酸液在各酸化层的注入量,以实现对非均质储层的均匀改造。
For improving the stimulation effects of the Sinian Dengying Formation reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,studies were conducted on the retarding rate of acid-rock reaction speeds of different acidizing fluids at high temperature,the retention rate of flow conductivity of acid-etched fractures under high closure pressure with different acid fluids and injection modes,the minimum breakthrough time in acid fluid breakthrough tests,the numerical characterization of acid-etched fracture morphology,and the diverting plugging effects of ball fracturing.Then,the host types of acid fluids applicable for the Dengying Formation reservoir stimulation were proposed,the principal stimulation technologies for different types of reservoirs were developed and operational parameters were optimized.Field tests were conducted at 18 wells with an average single-well production rate of 45.482×10~4 m~3/d.Finally,the following conclusions are reached.First,the influential factors on acid-rock reaction speeds are ranked as acid fluid type > temperature > rotation speed > acid fluid concentration> common-ion effect.So in the acidizing stimulation of Dongying Formation reservoirs,focus should be on acid fluid types,rotation speed(operational discharge) optimization and cooling measures.Second,not only deep breakthrough can be realized,but also flow conductivity can be higher by using the injection order of self-generating acid + gelled acid + diverting acid.Third,high-temperature gelled acid stimulation is applicable for vuggy reservoirs.For strong-heterogeneity reservoirs high-temperature diverting acid should be adopted to realize uniform stimulation.For tight reservoirs with undeveloped fractures and vuggies,self-generating acid and host acid should be injected alternatively to form long fractures.Fourth,depth acid fracturing should be the principal technology,except for several reservoirs with developed fractures.Fifth,the discharge rate of breakdown acidizing operation should be at least 3.5 m~3/min.Sixth,based on the resoluble ball fracturing diverting acidizing technology,the injection rate of acid fluids to each acidified reservoir can be adjusted,so that heterogeneous reservoirs can be stimulated uniformly.
For improving the stimulation effects of the Sinian Dengying Formation reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,studies were conducted on the retarding rate of acid-rock reaction speeds of different acidizing fluids at high temperature,the retention rate of flow conductivity of acid-etched fractures under high closure pressure with different acid fluids and injection modes,the minimum breakthrough time in acid fluid breakthrough tests,the numerical characterization of acid-etched fracture morphology,and the diverting plugging effects of ball fracturing.Then,the host types of acid fluids applicable for the Dengying Formation reservoir stimulation were proposed,the principal stimulation technologies for different types of reservoirs were developed and operational parameters were optimized.Field tests were conducted at 18 wells with an average single-well production rate of 45.482×10~4 m~3/d.Finally,the following conclusions are reached.First,the influential factors on acid-rock reaction speeds are ranked as acid fluid type > temperature > rotation speed > acid fluid concentration> common-ion effect.So in the acidizing stimulation of Dongying Formation reservoirs,focus should be on acid fluid types,rotation speed(operational discharge) optimization and cooling measures.Second,not only deep breakthrough can be realized,but also flow conductivity can be higher by using the injection order of self-generating acid + gelled acid + diverting acid.Third,high-temperature gelled acid stimulation is applicable for vuggy reservoirs.For strong-heterogeneity reservoirs high-temperature diverting acid should be adopted to realize uniform stimulation.For tight reservoirs with undeveloped fractures and vuggies,self-generating acid and host acid should be injected alternatively to form long fractures.Fourth,depth acid fracturing should be the principal technology,except for several reservoirs with developed fractures.Fifth,the discharge rate of breakdown acidizing operation should be at least 3.5 m~3/min.Sixth,based on the resoluble ball fracturing diverting acidizing technology,the injection rate of acid fluids to each acidified reservoir can be adjusted,so that heterogeneous reservoirs can be stimulated uniformly.
引文
[1]姚根顺,郝毅,周进高,蒋伟雄,文龙,倪超,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层储集空间的形成与演化[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):31-36.Yao Genshun,Hao Yi,Zhou Jingao,Jiang Weixiong,Wen Long,Ni Chao,et al.Formation and evolution of reservoir spaces in the Sinian Dengying Fm of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):31-36.
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[3]董建华,刘鹏,王薇.地应力剖面在水力压裂施工中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(20):40-42.Dong Jianhua,Liu Peng,Wang Wei.Application of in-situ stress profile to hydraulic fracturing[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2005,29(2):40-42.
[4]刘钦节,闫相祯,杨秀娟.分层地应力方法在薄互层低渗油藏大型压裂设计中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(4):83-88.Liu Qinjie,Yan Xiangzhen,Yang Xiujuan.Application of stratified stress method in massive hydraulic fracturing design[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(4):83-88.
[5]李年银,赵立强,刘平礼,张倩,史鸿祥.裂缝高度延伸机理及控缝高酸压技术研究[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(2):61-63.Li Nianyin,Zhao Liqiang,Liu Pingli,Zhang Qian,Shi Hongxiang.Fracture height extension mechanism and fracture height control acid-fracturing technology[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(2):61-63.
[6]张智勇,丁云宏,赵常青,梁冲,车明光,翁定为.胶凝酸反应动力学试验研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2005,34(5):394—396.Zhang Zhiyong,Ding Yunhong,Zhao Changqing,Liang Chong,Che Mingguang,Weng Dingwei.An experimental study on gelled acid reaction kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2005,34(5):394-396.
[7]李小刚,杨兆中,苏建政,杨宇航.酸压过程中多尺度酸岩反应特征实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):504-507.Li Xiaogang,Yang Zhaozhong,Su Jianzheng,Yang Yuhang.Experimental study of multi-scale reaction between acid and rock in acid fracturing[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(5):504-507.
[8]叶登胜,任勇,管彬,尹丛彬.塔里木盆地异常高温高压井储层改造难点及对策[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):77-79.Ye Dengsheng,Ren Yong,Guan Bin,Yin Congbin.Difficulty and strategy of reservoir stimulation on abnormal-high temperature and high pressure wells in the Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):77-79.
[9]杨前雄,单文文,熊伟,高树生.碳酸盐岩储层深层酸压技术综述[J].天然气技术,2007,1(5):46-49.Yang Qianxiong,Shan Wenwen,Xiong Wei,Gao Shusheng.Summary of acid fracturing technology in deep carbonate reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Technology,2007,1(5):46-49.
[10]何春明,陈红军,王文耀.碳酸盐岩储层转向酸化技术现状与最新进展[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(5):121-126.He Chunming,Chen Hongjun,Wang Wenyao.Diversion acidizing used for carbonate reservoir:State-of-the-art and new development[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,26(3):39-41.
[11]李年银,赵立强,张倩,任晓宁,刘平礼.酸压过程中酸蚀裂缝导流能力研究[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(6):59-62.Li Nianyin,Zhao Liqiang,Zhang Qian,Ren Xiaoning,Liu Pingli.Acid etched fracture conductivity study in acid fracturing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(6):59-62.
[12]程秋菊,冯文光,周瑞立.酸蚀裂缝导流能力实验研究[J].石油化工应用,2011,30(12):83—87.Cheng Qiuju,Feng Wenguang,Zhou Ruili.Experimental study on the acid etched fracture conductivity[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2011,30(12):83-87.
[13]郭静,李力,彭辉.川东石炭系影响白云岩酸蚀裂缝导流能力因素的试验研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(3):39-41.Guo Jing,Li Li,Peng Hui.Research of influence factors on dolomite acid-etched fracture conductivity in carboniferous system in East Sichuan[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2003,26(3):39-41.
[14]付永强,何冶,王业众,杨金利,桑宇,韩慧芬.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏储层改造技术及其应用效果[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):93-96.Fu Yongqiang,He Ye,Wang Yezhong,YangJinli,Sang Yu,Han Huifen.Raservoir stimulation techniques and their application to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):93-96.
[2]杨威,魏国齐,赵蓉蓉,刘满仓,金惠,赵佐安,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩溶储层特征及展布[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3),55—60.Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Zhao Rongrong,Liu Mancang,Jin Hui,Zhao Zuo'an,et al.Characteristics and distribution of karst reservoirs in the Sinian Dengying Fm,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3),55-60.
[3]董建华,刘鹏,王薇.地应力剖面在水力压裂施工中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(20):40-42.Dong Jianhua,Liu Peng,Wang Wei.Application of in-situ stress profile to hydraulic fracturing[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2005,29(2):40-42.
[4]刘钦节,闫相祯,杨秀娟.分层地应力方法在薄互层低渗油藏大型压裂设计中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(4):83-88.Liu Qinjie,Yan Xiangzhen,Yang Xiujuan.Application of stratified stress method in massive hydraulic fracturing design[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(4):83-88.
[5]李年银,赵立强,刘平礼,张倩,史鸿祥.裂缝高度延伸机理及控缝高酸压技术研究[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(2):61-63.Li Nianyin,Zhao Liqiang,Liu Pingli,Zhang Qian,Shi Hongxiang.Fracture height extension mechanism and fracture height control acid-fracturing technology[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(2):61-63.
[6]张智勇,丁云宏,赵常青,梁冲,车明光,翁定为.胶凝酸反应动力学试验研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2005,34(5):394—396.Zhang Zhiyong,Ding Yunhong,Zhao Changqing,Liang Chong,Che Mingguang,Weng Dingwei.An experimental study on gelled acid reaction kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2005,34(5):394-396.
[7]李小刚,杨兆中,苏建政,杨宇航.酸压过程中多尺度酸岩反应特征实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):504-507.Li Xiaogang,Yang Zhaozhong,Su Jianzheng,Yang Yuhang.Experimental study of multi-scale reaction between acid and rock in acid fracturing[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(5):504-507.
[8]叶登胜,任勇,管彬,尹丛彬.塔里木盆地异常高温高压井储层改造难点及对策[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):77-79.Ye Dengsheng,Ren Yong,Guan Bin,Yin Congbin.Difficulty and strategy of reservoir stimulation on abnormal-high temperature and high pressure wells in the Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):77-79.
[9]杨前雄,单文文,熊伟,高树生.碳酸盐岩储层深层酸压技术综述[J].天然气技术,2007,1(5):46-49.Yang Qianxiong,Shan Wenwen,Xiong Wei,Gao Shusheng.Summary of acid fracturing technology in deep carbonate reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Technology,2007,1(5):46-49.
[10]何春明,陈红军,王文耀.碳酸盐岩储层转向酸化技术现状与最新进展[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(5):121-126.He Chunming,Chen Hongjun,Wang Wenyao.Diversion acidizing used for carbonate reservoir:State-of-the-art and new development[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,26(3):39-41.
[11]李年银,赵立强,张倩,任晓宁,刘平礼.酸压过程中酸蚀裂缝导流能力研究[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(6):59-62.Li Nianyin,Zhao Liqiang,Zhang Qian,Ren Xiaoning,Liu Pingli.Acid etched fracture conductivity study in acid fracturing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(6):59-62.
[12]程秋菊,冯文光,周瑞立.酸蚀裂缝导流能力实验研究[J].石油化工应用,2011,30(12):83—87.Cheng Qiuju,Feng Wenguang,Zhou Ruili.Experimental study on the acid etched fracture conductivity[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2011,30(12):83-87.
[13]郭静,李力,彭辉.川东石炭系影响白云岩酸蚀裂缝导流能力因素的试验研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(3):39-41.Guo Jing,Li Li,Peng Hui.Research of influence factors on dolomite acid-etched fracture conductivity in carboniferous system in East Sichuan[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2003,26(3):39-41.
[14]付永强,何冶,王业众,杨金利,桑宇,韩慧芬.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏储层改造技术及其应用效果[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):93-96.Fu Yongqiang,He Ye,Wang Yezhong,YangJinli,Sang Yu,Han Huifen.Raservoir stimulation techniques and their application to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):93-96.