变压器分立的动力电池组主动均衡技术研究
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摘要
动力锂电池成组后单体之间的不一致性问题突出,导致锂电池组使用寿命受限、安全性降低,现有的被动均衡技术存在均衡电流小、均衡时间长的不足,难以满足电池组功率不断增长的需求,因此在动力电池管理系统领域,迫切需要采用大电流的主动均衡技术来完成电池组的均衡。针对目前主动均衡技术存在的均衡收敛慢、收敛精度低的问题,在研究了动力电池在不同工况下的均衡模态基础上,提出了一种以电池剩余电量作为主要均衡变量,变均衡周期内划分均衡时间片的均衡策略,解决了端电压均衡策略存在的均衡收敛慢、收敛精度不高及控制稳定性欠缺的问题,并基于该均衡策略设计了一款基于多变压器法的主动均衡模块,搭建了电池管理实验系统,在该系统上验证了上述均衡策略,实验表明该策略可有效提升均衡收敛速度和均衡收敛精度,实现动力电池组的大电流均衡。
Cell in consistency will lead to limited service life and reduced safety of the lithium battery pack. Due to small balance current and long balance time,the current passive equalization technology can not satisfy the battery pack with the increasing power demand.Thus,active equalization technology of large current is urgently required in power battery management system. Aiming at the problem of slow balance convergence speed and low convergence accuracy in active equalization technology,a new strategy is proposed based on studying the balance modes of power battery under different operating conditions. The new balance strategy uses the state of charge of battery as main equilibrium variable and divides the equalization time period into equalization time slice. The equalization strategy improves the balance convergence speed,convergence accuracy,and control stability. Finally,an active balancing module based on multi-transformer method is designed,and a battery management experiment system is set up. The above-mentioned equalization strategy is verified on this system,and the experimental results show that the strategy can effectively improve the balance convergence speed and convergence accuracy,and the large current balance of the power battery pack can be realized.
Cell in consistency will lead to limited service life and reduced safety of the lithium battery pack. Due to small balance current and long balance time,the current passive equalization technology can not satisfy the battery pack with the increasing power demand.Thus,active equalization technology of large current is urgently required in power battery management system. Aiming at the problem of slow balance convergence speed and low convergence accuracy in active equalization technology,a new strategy is proposed based on studying the balance modes of power battery under different operating conditions. The new balance strategy uses the state of charge of battery as main equilibrium variable and divides the equalization time period into equalization time slice. The equalization strategy improves the balance convergence speed,convergence accuracy,and control stability. Finally,an active balancing module based on multi-transformer method is designed,and a battery management experiment system is set up. The above-mentioned equalization strategy is verified on this system,and the experimental results show that the strategy can effectively improve the balance convergence speed and convergence accuracy,and the large current balance of the power battery pack can be realized.
引文
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[12]LI I H,WANG W Y,SU S F,et al.A merged fuzzy neural network and its applications in battery state-ofcharge estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):697-708.
[13]RAHIMI-EICHI H,OJHA U,BARONTI F,et al.Battery management system:An overview of its application in the smart grid and electric vehicles[J].IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine,2013,7(2):4-16.
[14]BOUCHHIMA N,SCHNIERLE M,SCHULTE S,et al.Active model-based balancing strategy for selfreconfigurable batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2016,322(8):129-137.
[15]MOO C S,YAO C H,TSAI I S.Charge equalization for series-connected batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,2003,39(2):704-710.
[16]SHIN J W,SEO G S,CHUN C Y,et al.Selective flyback balancing circuit with improved balancing speed for series connected Lithium-ion batteries[C].Power Electronics Conference,IEEE,2010:1180-1184.
[17]KIM C H,KIM M Y,MOON G W.A modularized charge equalizer using a battery monitoring IC for seriesconnected Li-Ion battery strings in electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(8):3779-3787.
[18]GALLARDO-LOZANO J,ROMERO-CADAVAL E,MILANES-MONTERO M I,et al.Battery equalization active methods[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,246(3):934-949.
[19]Linear Technology Corporation.Linear introduces 2.5A monolithic active cell balancer with telemetry interface[N].2013.
[2]CAO J,SCHOFIELD N,EMADI A.Battery balancing methods:A comprehensive review[C].Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,IEEE,2008:1-6.
[3]DAOWD M,OMAR N,BOSSCHE P V D,et al.A review of passive and active battery balancing based on MATLAB/Simulink[J].International Review of Electrical Engineering,2011,6(7):2974-2989.
[4]范正航.锂电池BMS系统设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2015.FAN ZH H.Lithium-ion battery BMS system design[D].Chengdu:University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China,2015.
[5]LU L,HAN X,LI J,et al.A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Power Sources,2013,226(3):272-288.
[6]杨帆.锂离子电池管理系统的设计与实现[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.YANG F.Design and implementation of lithium-ion battery management system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.
[7]陈晶晶.串联锂离子电池组均衡电路的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.CHEN J J.Research on equilibrium circuit of series lithium-ion battery pack[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
[8]李索宇.动力锂电池组均衡技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.LI S Y.Research on power lithium-ion battery pack equalization technology[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[9]冯飞.磷酸铁锂电池组均衡控制策略及荷电状态估计算法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):22-29.FENG F.Equalization control strategy and SOC estimation for Li Fe PO4battery pack[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):22-29.
[10]王立业,王丽芳,刘伟龙.基于容量差的电动汽车主动均衡控制策略研究[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(11):44-50.WANG L Y,WANG L F,LIU W L.Research on active balance control strategy of electric vehicle based on capacity difference[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2017,36(11):44-50.
[11]PLETT G L.Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of Li PB-based HEV battery packs:Part 1.background[J].Journal of Power sources,2004,134(2):252-261.
[12]LI I H,WANG W Y,SU S F,et al.A merged fuzzy neural network and its applications in battery state-ofcharge estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):697-708.
[13]RAHIMI-EICHI H,OJHA U,BARONTI F,et al.Battery management system:An overview of its application in the smart grid and electric vehicles[J].IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine,2013,7(2):4-16.
[14]BOUCHHIMA N,SCHNIERLE M,SCHULTE S,et al.Active model-based balancing strategy for selfreconfigurable batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2016,322(8):129-137.
[15]MOO C S,YAO C H,TSAI I S.Charge equalization for series-connected batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,2003,39(2):704-710.
[16]SHIN J W,SEO G S,CHUN C Y,et al.Selective flyback balancing circuit with improved balancing speed for series connected Lithium-ion batteries[C].Power Electronics Conference,IEEE,2010:1180-1184.
[17]KIM C H,KIM M Y,MOON G W.A modularized charge equalizer using a battery monitoring IC for seriesconnected Li-Ion battery strings in electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(8):3779-3787.
[18]GALLARDO-LOZANO J,ROMERO-CADAVAL E,MILANES-MONTERO M I,et al.Battery equalization active methods[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,246(3):934-949.
[19]Linear Technology Corporation.Linear introduces 2.5A monolithic active cell balancer with telemetry interface[N].2013.