青海型主动蓄热日光温室应用性能分析
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摘要
针对日光温室后墙蓄热效率较低的问题,研究一种后墙主动蓄热的青海型日光温室。对青海型日光温室与普通日光温室室内温度、光照、地温及不同深度墙体温度进行测定,比较2种类型温室室内温度、湿度、作物生长指标及产量的差异。结果表明:青海型日光温室较普通日光温室,晴天夜间温度平均高2.1℃,阴天平均高0.9℃;湿度方面,青海型日光温室晴天白天平均低4.7%,夜间平均低2.6%,阴天白天平均低2.7%,夜间平均低2.2%;地温晴天平均高1.69℃,阴天平均高0.59℃;青海型日光温室墙体的蓄热层深度为320~520mm;青海型日光温室中番茄株高、茎粗等生长指标略优于普通日光温室,番茄采收期产量提高17.8%。
In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of solar greenhouses back wall,a new heating storage type solar greenhouse was built in alpine areas.The experimental greenhouse and an ordinary solar greenhouse were measured in The indoor temperature,soil temperature and different parts temperature of the back wall.The result showed that:Compared with ordinary greenhouse,the experimental greenhouse air temperature was 2.1 ℃ higher on average at night in clear day and 0.9 ℃ higher in overcast day;From the aspect of humidity,it was reduced by 4.7%on average in day and 2.6% at night in clear day.While in overcast day,it was reduced by 2.7% on average in day and 2.2% at night;Soil temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 1.69 ℃ higher on average in clear day and0.59 ℃ higher in overcast;Heat storage layer was 320-520 mm depth of the wall.During tomato growth period,the advantages in tomatoes height and stem diameter were obvious.The yield of tomato in the heating storage type solar greenhouse was 17.8% higher than the ordinary greenhouses.
In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of solar greenhouses back wall,a new heating storage type solar greenhouse was built in alpine areas.The experimental greenhouse and an ordinary solar greenhouse were measured in The indoor temperature,soil temperature and different parts temperature of the back wall.The result showed that:Compared with ordinary greenhouse,the experimental greenhouse air temperature was 2.1 ℃ higher on average at night in clear day and 0.9 ℃ higher in overcast day;From the aspect of humidity,it was reduced by 4.7%on average in day and 2.6% at night in clear day.While in overcast day,it was reduced by 2.7% on average in day and 2.2% at night;Soil temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 1.69 ℃ higher on average in clear day and0.59 ℃ higher in overcast;Heat storage layer was 320-520 mm depth of the wall.During tomato growth period,the advantages in tomatoes height and stem diameter were obvious.The yield of tomato in the heating storage type solar greenhouse was 17.8% higher than the ordinary greenhouses.
引文
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[13]孙维拓,杨其长,方慧,张义,管道平,卢威.主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统在日光温室的应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):168-177Sun W T,Yang Q C,Fang H,Zhang Y,Guan D P,Lu W.Application of heating system with active heat storage-release and heat pump in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(19):168-177(in Chinese)
[14]侯加林,王涛,蒋韬,王秀峰.基于有限元分析日光温室土质墙体温度场模拟与验证[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(4):1-4Hou J L,Wang T,Jiang T,Wang X F.Simulation and verification of greenhouse soil wall temperature field by FEM analysis[J].Shandong Agricultural Science,2014,46(4):1-4(in Chinese)
[15]张勇.西北日光温室传热学简化模型构建及温光高效新结构初探[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Zhang Y.Development and optimization of a new a new reduced simplified model of equilibrium thermodynamics&applied technology of high states of light and temperature in heliogreenhouse[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012(in Chinese)
[16]张勇,高文波,邹志荣.日光温室主动蓄热后墙传热CFD模拟及性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):203-211Zhang Y,Gao W B,Zou Z R.Performance experiment and CFD simulation of heat exchange in solar greenhouse with active thermal storage back-wall[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):203-211(in Chinese)
[17]苏亚欣.传热学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009Su Y X.Heat Transfer[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2009(in Chinese)
[18]徐凡,马承伟,刘洋,宋道林.天津一种典型砖墙日光温室热环境现状的测试与分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):188-195Xu F,Ma C W,Liu Y,Song D L.Thermal environmental status testing and analysis of a typical brick-wall solar greenhouse in Tianjin[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(4):188-195(in Chinese)
[19]Lamont W J.Plastics:Modifying the microclimate for the production of vegetable crops[J].Hort Technology,2005(15):477-481
[20]龚雪文,刘浩,孙景生,张昊,李勇,吴晓磊,崔嘉欣.不同水分下限对温室膜下滴灌甜瓜开花坐果期地温的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2935-2943Gong X W,Liu H,Sun J S,Zhang H,Li Y,Wu X L,Cui J X.Effects of irrigation threshold on soil temperature in blossom and fruit-set periods of muskmelon under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(10):2935-2943(in Chinese)
[2]杨小龙,王宏丽,许红军,韩丽蓉.磷酸氢二钠相变墙板在温室中的应用效果[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2014,32(4):88-94Yang X L,Wang H L,Xu H J,Han L R.Performance of phase change thermal storage wallboard of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2014,32(4):88-94(in Chinese)
[3]李凯,宋丹,王宏丽,裘莉娟.日光温室瓶胆式相变墙体热性能研究[J].北方园艺,2013(5):40-42Li K,Song D,Wang H L,Qiu L J.Thermal performance analysis of the cavity wall with PCM of solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2013(5):40-42(in Chinese)
[4]张勇,邹志荣,李建明,胡晓辉.日光温室相变空心砌块的制备及功效[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):263-267Zhang Y,Zou Z R,Li J M,Hu X H.Preparation of the small concrete hollow block with PCM and its efficacy in greenhouses[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(2):263-267(in Chinese)
[5]李明,周长吉,丁小明,魏晓明,黄尚勇,何衍萍.日光温室聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙保温蓄热性能[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):200-205Li M,Zhou C J,Ding X M,Wei X M,Huang S Y,He Y P.Heat insulation and storage performance of polystyrene-brick composite wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):200-205(in Chinese)
[6]武国峰,徐跃定,常志州,孙恩惠,黄红英.秸秆块墙体日光温室保温蓄热性能分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2402-2409Wu G F,Xu Y D,Chang Z Z,Sun E H,Huang H Y.Heatinsulating performance of straw-bale wall solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2015,34(12):2402-2409(in Chinese)
[7]马承伟,卜云龙,籍秀红,陆海,邹岚,王影,李睿.日光温室墙体夜间放热量计算与保温蓄热性评价方法的研究[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):411-415Ma C W,Piao Y L,Ji X H,Lu H,Zou L,Wang Y,Li R.Method for calculation of heat release at night and evaluation for performance of heat preservation of wall in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2008,26(5):411-415(in Chinese)
[8]彭东玲,杨其长,魏灵玲,张义,方慧.日光温室土质墙体内热流测试与分析[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(2):168-173Peng D L,Yang Q C,Wei L L,Zhang Y,Fang H.Measurement and heat flux analysis on northern wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(2):168-173(in Chinese)
[9]刘艳华,刘文合,于威,张玉清.一种新型琴弦式日光温室的设计[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):483-486Liu Y H,Liu W H,Yu W,Zhang Y Q.Design of Qinxian solar greenhouse[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(10):483-486(in Chinese)
[10]韩丽蓉,王宏丽,李凯,杨小龙.下沉式大跨度大棚型温室的设计及应用研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):161-165Han L R,Wang H L,Li K,Yang X L.Design and application study on the sinking and great-span greenhouse without back wall[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(4):161-165(in Chinese)
[11]陈紫光,陈超,凌浩恕,郑宏飞,管勇,张纪涛,李娜,孙保东,宫伦祥.日光温室专用多曲面槽式太阳能空气集热器热工性能试验研究[J].建筑科学,2014,30(8):58-63,105Chen Z G,Chen C,Ling H S,Zheng H F,Guan Y,Zhang J T,Li Na,Sun B D,Gong L X.Experimental study on thermal performance for the specialized multiple curved surfaces trough solar air collector dedicated to solar greenhouse[J].Building Science,2014,30(8):58-63,105(in Chinese)
[12]殷学云,张国森,赵文怀,崔海成,杨茂元,蒋宏.西北非耕地石砌墙下挖型日光温室建造施工技术[J].中国蔬菜,2013(11):50-52Yin X Y,Zhao G S,Zhao W H,Cui H C,Yang M Y,Jiang H.Construction technology of stone sinking solar greenhouse Northern non-cultivated land[J].Chinese Vegetables,2013(11):50-52(in Chinese)
[13]孙维拓,杨其长,方慧,张义,管道平,卢威.主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统在日光温室的应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):168-177Sun W T,Yang Q C,Fang H,Zhang Y,Guan D P,Lu W.Application of heating system with active heat storage-release and heat pump in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(19):168-177(in Chinese)
[14]侯加林,王涛,蒋韬,王秀峰.基于有限元分析日光温室土质墙体温度场模拟与验证[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(4):1-4Hou J L,Wang T,Jiang T,Wang X F.Simulation and verification of greenhouse soil wall temperature field by FEM analysis[J].Shandong Agricultural Science,2014,46(4):1-4(in Chinese)
[15]张勇.西北日光温室传热学简化模型构建及温光高效新结构初探[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Zhang Y.Development and optimization of a new a new reduced simplified model of equilibrium thermodynamics&applied technology of high states of light and temperature in heliogreenhouse[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012(in Chinese)
[16]张勇,高文波,邹志荣.日光温室主动蓄热后墙传热CFD模拟及性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):203-211Zhang Y,Gao W B,Zou Z R.Performance experiment and CFD simulation of heat exchange in solar greenhouse with active thermal storage back-wall[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):203-211(in Chinese)
[17]苏亚欣.传热学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009Su Y X.Heat Transfer[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2009(in Chinese)
[18]徐凡,马承伟,刘洋,宋道林.天津一种典型砖墙日光温室热环境现状的测试与分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):188-195Xu F,Ma C W,Liu Y,Song D L.Thermal environmental status testing and analysis of a typical brick-wall solar greenhouse in Tianjin[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(4):188-195(in Chinese)
[19]Lamont W J.Plastics:Modifying the microclimate for the production of vegetable crops[J].Hort Technology,2005(15):477-481
[20]龚雪文,刘浩,孙景生,张昊,李勇,吴晓磊,崔嘉欣.不同水分下限对温室膜下滴灌甜瓜开花坐果期地温的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2935-2943Gong X W,Liu H,Sun J S,Zhang H,Li Y,Wu X L,Cui J X.Effects of irrigation threshold on soil temperature in blossom and fruit-set periods of muskmelon under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(10):2935-2943(in Chinese)