西双版纳傣族“家”的旅游商业化研究
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摘要
以云南西双版纳傣族园景区和勐景来景区的"傣家乐"为案例,展示了以"公司+农户"为经营模式、以自然村寨为基础的村寨型景区中傣族"家"到"商业的家"的商业化过程,并对"商业的家"的空间结构和空间性质进行了探索。研究发现:区位因素导致远离城市的傣族传统村寨成为旅游吸引物,傣族家屋仍是景观,傣族原住民仍保持传统的日常生活方式。传统村寨和原住民是傣族"商业的家"最大的吸引力。在从"家"到"商业的家"的商业化过程中,虽然有过私人空间与公共空间的再划界阶段,但边界仍然相对模糊。导致上述现象的主要原因包括:主客交往的模式和深度;合作企业对村民的控制程度以及宗教信仰。
This paper illustrates the entire process of tourism commercialization of 'homes' in Dai families in Xishuangbanna and explores the spatial structure and nature of the commercial homes, by using two typical cases in Yunnan province, China, i.e., the Daizuyuan Garden and Mengjinglai Tourist Area, which are both featured by the operation model of "corporate plus peasant household" and are based on natural villages. The findings show that the geographical location has enabled the peripheral villages to become tourist attractions while the Dai houses as landscape have been well preserved. In the tourism commercialization process of "homes" evolving into "commercial homes", despite of a re-delimitation history between public and private spaces, the boundaries between them are still generally blurry. Main reasons for the above situation are as follows: the patterns and depth of host-guest interactions, the degree of control by collaborative enterprises over villagers, and villagers' religious beliefs.
This paper illustrates the entire process of tourism commercialization of 'homes' in Dai families in Xishuangbanna and explores the spatial structure and nature of the commercial homes, by using two typical cases in Yunnan province, China, i.e., the Daizuyuan Garden and Mengjinglai Tourist Area, which are both featured by the operation model of "corporate plus peasant household" and are based on natural villages. The findings show that the geographical location has enabled the peripheral villages to become tourist attractions while the Dai houses as landscape have been well preserved. In the tourism commercialization process of "homes" evolving into "commercial homes", despite of a re-delimitation history between public and private spaces, the boundaries between them are still generally blurry. Main reasons for the above situation are as follows: the patterns and depth of host-guest interactions, the degree of control by collaborative enterprises over villagers, and villagers' religious beliefs.
引文
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(1)资料来源:西双版纳州旅游局。
(2)资料来源:西双版纳州旅游局。
(3)资料来源:傣族园公司。
(4)资料来源:傣族园公司。
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[3]孙九霞,张倩.旅游对傣族物质文化变迁及其资本化的影响:以傣楼景观为例.广西民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2011,33(3):7-13.[Sun Jiuxia,Zhang Qian.The influence of tourism on the changes of the Dai material culture and its capitalization.Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities:Philosophy and Social Science Edition,2011,33(3):7-13.]
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[10]Osborne P.Traveling Light:Photography,Travel and Visual Culture.Manchester:Manchester University Press,2000.
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[12]陶伟,岑倩华.历史城镇旅游发展模式比较研究:威尼斯和丽江.城市规划,2006,(5):76-82.[Tao Wei,Cen Qianhua.Comparative study on tourism development mode in historic towns:Venice and Lijiang.City Planning Review,2006,(5):76-82.]
[13]宗晓莲.旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究:以云南省丽江古城为例.旅游学刊,2005,20(4):30-36.[Zong Xiaolian.A study on the form and impact of the destinations spatial commoditization:With Lijiang ancient town as a case study.Tourism Tribune,2005,20(4):30-36.]
[14]徐红罡.文化遗产旅游商业化的路径依赖理论模型.旅游科学,2005,19(3):74-78.[Xu Honggang.A theoretical model of path dependence for cultural heritage tourism commercialization.Tourism Science,2005,19(3):74-78.]
[15]孙九霞.旅游商业化与纳西族民居的“去地方化”:以丽江新华社区为例.社会科学家,2015,(11):7-13.[Sun Jiuxia.Tourism commercialization and the delocalization of vernacular dwellings of Naxi:A case study of the Xinhua community in Lijiang.Social Scientist,2015,(11):7-13.]
[16]吴骁骁,苏勤,姜辽.旅游商业化影响下的古镇居住空间变迁研究:以周庄为例.旅游学刊,2005,30(7):26-36.[Wu Xiaoxiao,Su Qin,Jiang Liao.Residential space evolution under tourism commercialization:A case of Zhouzhuang.Tourism Tribune,2005,30(7):26-36.]
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[18]卢松,陆林,王莉,等.古村落旅游客流时间分布特征及其影响因素研究:以世界文化遗产西递、宏村为例.地理科学,2004,24(2):250-256.[Lu Song,Lu Lin,Wang Li,et al.Temporal characteristics of tourist flows to ancient villages:A case study of two world cultural heritages,Xidi village and Hongcun village.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(2):250-256.]
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(1)资料来源:西双版纳州旅游局。
(2)资料来源:西双版纳州旅游局。
(3)资料来源:傣族园公司。
(4)资料来源:傣族园公司。