基于近红外光谱技术的热处理竹材物理力学性能
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摘要
探讨了近红外光谱(NIRs)技术对实现热处理毛竹分选和性能在线检测的可能性。采集了3种不同温度(150,180和210℃)热处理及未处理毛竹的径切面近红外光谱信息,应用主成分分析方法与偏最小二乘法对竹材进行分类,并建立了热处理竹材的材色、密度以及力学性能预测模型。结果表明:1)近红外光谱二阶导数谱图在7 004和6 452 cm-1等吸收带处很好地反映了竹材热处理对应化学成分的变化,表明了近红外光谱变化与化学成分变化的一致性,也说明了NIRs用于快速分析热处理竹材材性的可能性; 2)热处理竹材在主成分得分图中呈明显的聚类分布特征,说明了NIRs技术对于热处理竹材良好的分类能力; 3)材色预测模型的模型参数R2≥0.93、RPD均大于3.90,表现出了非常好的材色预测性能。气干密度、绝干密度以及抗弯强度预测模型的R2分别为0.83,0.85和0.82,RPD分别为2.42,2.59和2.34,能够满足竹材性能的评估精度要求。
It is of great importance for the bamboo processing industry to evaluate the quality of heat-treated bamboo using the low-cost,rapid and non-destructive method. We investigated the potential of evaluating physical and mechanical properties(material color,density and mechanical properties) of the heat-treated bamboo by the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRs). Total 90 samples were averagely sorted into 3 groups by different heat treatment temperatures(150 ℃,180 ℃ and 210 ℃) with a treatment time of 2 h,and another control group had 30 samples without treatment. The NIR information was collected before and after the heat treatment. The chemical compositions of bamboo were analyzed using the wet chemical analysis method. The differences of the NIR spectra of the bamboo samples were compared through their second derivative spectra. Then,the NIRs combined with the principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least square(PLS) regression were used to sort and model the samples,respectively.The spectra analysis results showed that the absorption bands at 7 004 cm-1 and 6 452 cm-1 reflected thermal decomposition of cellulose,and the absorption band at 5 801 cm-1,4 289 cm-1 and at 6 896 cm-1,5 959 cm-1 reflected pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin,respectively. The results revealed that there was a well correlation between chemical components and the NIRs. The PCA results showed that the heat-treated bamboo originated from different heat temperatures could be distinguished obviously in the score plots. The prediction models for color(L*,a*,b*) of heattreated bamboo were very satisfactory,in which R2 and relative percent deviation(RPD) were over 0.93 and 3.90,respectively. The prediction models of heat-treated bamboo density also well met the requirements,in which R2 and RPD were over 0.83 and 2.42 for the density of air-dried samples,as well as 0.85 and 2.59 for the density of oven-dried samples,respectively. As for mechanical property prediction models,the R2 and RPDof modulus of rupture model were 0.82 and 2.34,while for the modulus of elastic(MOE) model,there was relative lowprediction performance,in which,R2 and RPDwere only 0.55 and 1.49 in this study. All models(except the MOE model) showed a good predictive results for the heat-treated bamboo. The NIRs method has great potential not only to discriminate the heat-trea-ted bamboo derived from different heat treatment temperatures,but also to predict physical and mechanical properties of heat-treated bamboo.
It is of great importance for the bamboo processing industry to evaluate the quality of heat-treated bamboo using the low-cost,rapid and non-destructive method. We investigated the potential of evaluating physical and mechanical properties(material color,density and mechanical properties) of the heat-treated bamboo by the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRs). Total 90 samples were averagely sorted into 3 groups by different heat treatment temperatures(150 ℃,180 ℃ and 210 ℃) with a treatment time of 2 h,and another control group had 30 samples without treatment. The NIR information was collected before and after the heat treatment. The chemical compositions of bamboo were analyzed using the wet chemical analysis method. The differences of the NIR spectra of the bamboo samples were compared through their second derivative spectra. Then,the NIRs combined with the principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least square(PLS) regression were used to sort and model the samples,respectively.The spectra analysis results showed that the absorption bands at 7 004 cm-1 and 6 452 cm-1 reflected thermal decomposition of cellulose,and the absorption band at 5 801 cm-1,4 289 cm-1 and at 6 896 cm-1,5 959 cm-1 reflected pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin,respectively. The results revealed that there was a well correlation between chemical components and the NIRs. The PCA results showed that the heat-treated bamboo originated from different heat temperatures could be distinguished obviously in the score plots. The prediction models for color(L*,a*,b*) of heattreated bamboo were very satisfactory,in which R2 and relative percent deviation(RPD) were over 0.93 and 3.90,respectively. The prediction models of heat-treated bamboo density also well met the requirements,in which R2 and RPD were over 0.83 and 2.42 for the density of air-dried samples,as well as 0.85 and 2.59 for the density of oven-dried samples,respectively. As for mechanical property prediction models,the R2 and RPDof modulus of rupture model were 0.82 and 2.34,while for the modulus of elastic(MOE) model,there was relative lowprediction performance,in which,R2 and RPDwere only 0.55 and 1.49 in this study. All models(except the MOE model) showed a good predictive results for the heat-treated bamboo. The NIRs method has great potential not only to discriminate the heat-trea-ted bamboo derived from different heat treatment temperatures,but also to predict physical and mechanical properties of heat-treated bamboo.
引文
[1]LI X L,SUN C J,ZHOU B X,et al. Determination of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin in moso bamboo by near infrared spectroscopy[J]. Scientific Reports,2015,5:17210.
[2]孙柏玲,刘君良,柴宇博.基于近红外光谱和偏最小二乘法的慈竹纤维素结晶度预测研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(2):366-370.SUN B L,LIU J L,CHAI Y B. Determination of crystallinity in neosinocalamus affinins based on near infrared spectroscopy and PLS methods[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(2):366-370.
[3]YANG Z,LI K,ZHANG M M,et al. Rapid determination of chemical composition and classification of bamboo fractions using visible-near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis[J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016,9(1):35.
[4]SUN F L,BAO B F,MA L F,et al. Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2012,58(1):51-56.
[5]张亚梅.热处理对竹材颜色及物理力学性能影响的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.ZHANG Y M. Study on the effect of color and physicalmechanical properties for heat-treated bamboo[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2010.
[6] MENG F D,YU Y L,ZHANG Y M,et al. Surface chemical composition analysis of heat-treated bamboo[J]. Applied Surface Science,2016,371:383-390.
[7]杨忠,江泽慧,费本华,等.近红外光谱技术及其在木材科学中的应用[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):177-183.YANG Z,JIANG Z H,FEI B H,et al. Application of near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to wood science[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(4):177-183.
[8]江泽慧,李改云,王戈,等.近红外光谱法测定毛竹综纤维素的含量研究[J].林产化学与工业,2007,27(1):15-18.JIANG Z H,LI G Y,WANG G,et al. Study on determination of holocellulose content of bamboo by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2007,27(1):15-18.
[9]黄安民,江泽慧,李改云.毛竹、杉木木质素的近红外光谱法快速分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(增刊2):111-114.HUANG A M,JIANG Z H,LI G Y. Determination of lignin content in bamboo and Chinese fir by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(Supp. 2):111-114.
[10]刘君良,孙柏玲,杨忠.近红外光谱法分析慈竹物理力学性质的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(3):647-651.LIU J L,SUN B L,YANG Z. Estimation of the physical and mechanical properties of Neosinocalamus affinins using near infrared spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(3):647-651.
[11]王逸之,董文渊,李永和,等.基于近红外光谱结合PLS-DA法的野外竹种识别技术研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2014,33(4):16-20.WANG Y Z,DONG W Y,LI Y H,et al. Discrimination of bamboo species by NIR and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)in the field[J]. Journal of Bamboo Research,2014,33(4):16-20.
[12]ZORNOZA R,GUERRERO C,MATAIX-SOLERA J,et al. Near infrared spectroscopy for determination of various physical,chemical and biochemical properties in Mediterranean soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1923-1930.
[13]TONG L,ZHANG W B,LU W. Prediction of colour change of thermally modified wood by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy,2016,24(6):563-569.
[14]TODOROVIC'N,POPOVIC'Z,MILIC'G. Estimation of quality of thermally modified beech wood with red heartwood by FT-NIR spectroscopy[J]. Wood Science&Technology,2015,49(3):527-549.
[15]ZHANG Y M,YU Y L,YU W J. Effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Phyllostachys pubescen bamboo[J]. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):61-67.
[16]ZHANG Y M,YU W J,ZHANG Y H. Effect of steam heating on the color and chemical properties of Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo[J]. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology,2013,33(4):235-246.
[17]秦莉.热处理对重组竹材物理力学及耐久性能影响的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.QIN L. Effect ofthermo-treatment on physical,mechanical properties and durability of reconstituted bamboo lumber[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2010.
[18]SCHWANNINGER M, RODRIGUES J C, FACKLER K. A review of band assignments in near infrared spectra of wood and wood components[J]. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy,2011,19(5):287-308.
[19] MITSUI K,INAGAKI T,TSUCHIKAWA S. Monitoring of hydroxyl groups in wood during heat treatment using NIR spectroscopy[J]. Biomacromolecules,2008,9(1):286-288.
[20] ESTEVES B M,PEREIRA H M. Wood modification by heat treatment:a review[J]. BioResources,2009,4(1):370-404.
[21]袁玉峰,陶站华,刘军贤,等.红外光谱结合主成分分析鉴别不同产地黄柏[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(5):1258-1261.YUAN Y F,TAO Z H,LIU J X,et al. Identificaiton of Cortex phellodendri by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(5):1258-1261.
[22] GONZLEZ-PEA M M,HALE M D C. Colour in thermally modified wood of beech,Norway spruce and Scots pine. Part 1:colour evolution and colour changes[J]. Holzforschung,2009,63(4):385-393.
[23]YUN H,LI K F,TU D Y,et al. Effect of heat treatment on bamboo fiber morphology crystallinity and mechanical properties[J].Wood Research,2016,61(2):227-234.
[2]孙柏玲,刘君良,柴宇博.基于近红外光谱和偏最小二乘法的慈竹纤维素结晶度预测研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(2):366-370.SUN B L,LIU J L,CHAI Y B. Determination of crystallinity in neosinocalamus affinins based on near infrared spectroscopy and PLS methods[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(2):366-370.
[3]YANG Z,LI K,ZHANG M M,et al. Rapid determination of chemical composition and classification of bamboo fractions using visible-near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis[J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016,9(1):35.
[4]SUN F L,BAO B F,MA L F,et al. Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2012,58(1):51-56.
[5]张亚梅.热处理对竹材颜色及物理力学性能影响的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.ZHANG Y M. Study on the effect of color and physicalmechanical properties for heat-treated bamboo[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2010.
[6] MENG F D,YU Y L,ZHANG Y M,et al. Surface chemical composition analysis of heat-treated bamboo[J]. Applied Surface Science,2016,371:383-390.
[7]杨忠,江泽慧,费本华,等.近红外光谱技术及其在木材科学中的应用[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):177-183.YANG Z,JIANG Z H,FEI B H,et al. Application of near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to wood science[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(4):177-183.
[8]江泽慧,李改云,王戈,等.近红外光谱法测定毛竹综纤维素的含量研究[J].林产化学与工业,2007,27(1):15-18.JIANG Z H,LI G Y,WANG G,et al. Study on determination of holocellulose content of bamboo by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2007,27(1):15-18.
[9]黄安民,江泽慧,李改云.毛竹、杉木木质素的近红外光谱法快速分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(增刊2):111-114.HUANG A M,JIANG Z H,LI G Y. Determination of lignin content in bamboo and Chinese fir by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(Supp. 2):111-114.
[10]刘君良,孙柏玲,杨忠.近红外光谱法分析慈竹物理力学性质的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(3):647-651.LIU J L,SUN B L,YANG Z. Estimation of the physical and mechanical properties of Neosinocalamus affinins using near infrared spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(3):647-651.
[11]王逸之,董文渊,李永和,等.基于近红外光谱结合PLS-DA法的野外竹种识别技术研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2014,33(4):16-20.WANG Y Z,DONG W Y,LI Y H,et al. Discrimination of bamboo species by NIR and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)in the field[J]. Journal of Bamboo Research,2014,33(4):16-20.
[12]ZORNOZA R,GUERRERO C,MATAIX-SOLERA J,et al. Near infrared spectroscopy for determination of various physical,chemical and biochemical properties in Mediterranean soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1923-1930.
[13]TONG L,ZHANG W B,LU W. Prediction of colour change of thermally modified wood by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy,2016,24(6):563-569.
[14]TODOROVIC'N,POPOVIC'Z,MILIC'G. Estimation of quality of thermally modified beech wood with red heartwood by FT-NIR spectroscopy[J]. Wood Science&Technology,2015,49(3):527-549.
[15]ZHANG Y M,YU Y L,YU W J. Effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Phyllostachys pubescen bamboo[J]. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):61-67.
[16]ZHANG Y M,YU W J,ZHANG Y H. Effect of steam heating on the color and chemical properties of Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo[J]. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology,2013,33(4):235-246.
[17]秦莉.热处理对重组竹材物理力学及耐久性能影响的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.QIN L. Effect ofthermo-treatment on physical,mechanical properties and durability of reconstituted bamboo lumber[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2010.
[18]SCHWANNINGER M, RODRIGUES J C, FACKLER K. A review of band assignments in near infrared spectra of wood and wood components[J]. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy,2011,19(5):287-308.
[19] MITSUI K,INAGAKI T,TSUCHIKAWA S. Monitoring of hydroxyl groups in wood during heat treatment using NIR spectroscopy[J]. Biomacromolecules,2008,9(1):286-288.
[20] ESTEVES B M,PEREIRA H M. Wood modification by heat treatment:a review[J]. BioResources,2009,4(1):370-404.
[21]袁玉峰,陶站华,刘军贤,等.红外光谱结合主成分分析鉴别不同产地黄柏[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(5):1258-1261.YUAN Y F,TAO Z H,LIU J X,et al. Identificaiton of Cortex phellodendri by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(5):1258-1261.
[22] GONZLEZ-PEA M M,HALE M D C. Colour in thermally modified wood of beech,Norway spruce and Scots pine. Part 1:colour evolution and colour changes[J]. Holzforschung,2009,63(4):385-393.
[23]YUN H,LI K F,TU D Y,et al. Effect of heat treatment on bamboo fiber morphology crystallinity and mechanical properties[J].Wood Research,2016,61(2):227-234.