文冠果不同交配组合种实性状变异及综合评价
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摘要
【目的】文冠果是中国北方最具潜力的木本油料树种之一,但存在着雌、雄花败育及自交不亲和等制约丰产的问题。本文数据性分析了文冠果不同交配组合种实性状的变异并进行了综合评价,以期为提高文冠果产量提供科学依据。【方法】在内蒙古敖汉旗半干旱地区实验基地,采用优选的6个文冠果优良类型(2014年以文冠果作砧木嫁接) A、B、G1、G3、H5和N7,设计了3个随机区组,包括异株自交、互交等36个交配组合,同株上同时进行控制授粉与自由(开放)授粉对比实验,对果实质量、均单粒质量等10个种实性状进行了测定,并运用Canoco-PCA-TOPSIS构建了不同交配组合选优的评价方法。【结果】通过Canoco-PCA法对评价指标降维处理,提取了2个主成分,可代表90%以上的信息,建立各交配组合主成分得分矩阵,运用TOPSIS法对36个交配组合的文冠果种实性状进行了综合评价和排序,并将结果按照是否适合作为优秀交配组合聚为3类,分别为最适合、比较适合和不适合,判别分析准确率达到96. 3%。【结论】文冠果存在较高的交配优势(家系遗传率> 30%),通过选择优良交配组合可获得较强的遗传增益,其中果实总质量最高的交配组合是G1×G3,种子均单粒质量最大的交配组合是H5×B;组合B×H5、G1×G3和B×N7为最佳母父本交配组合;新发现的自交(异花)优势,H5为最优的单系交配组合;新发现的互交优势,G1和G3为最优的双系交配组合;最优的3系交配组合为N7、B和H5。所建立的综合评价选优方法可以有效的对优良交配组合进行选择,为进一步提高文冠果产量提供科学依据与配置模式。
[Objective]Xanthoceras sorbifolium is the most potential woody oil tree species in northern China,but it has yield problems of flower abortion and self-incompatible. This paper dataly analyzes the variation and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit and seed phenotypic traits of different mating combinations in Xanthoceras sorbifolium. The aim is to improve the yield. [Method] Six types of X.sorbifolium( six types refer to type A,B,G1,G3,H5 and N7 based on rootcut graft of X. sorbifolium in2014) were used to conduct the open/hand-pollination experiment in a X. sorbifolium seed orchard in the semi-arid region of Aohan Banner,Inner Mongolia of northern China. The experiment included 36 mating combinations of self-crossing,intercrossing and open pollination. The evaluation of the best mating combination by Canoco-PCA-TOPSIS was based on 10 fruit traits( such as fruit quality and average grain quality). [Result]According to Canoco principal component analysis( Canoco-PCA),first 2 principal components contributed more than 90% of the factors. The main component score matrix for each mating combinations was used to establish comprehensive evaluation,while TOPSIS was used for sorting 36 mating combinations of fruit and seed phenotypic traits. The results were divided into 3 groups according to whether the results were suitable as excellent mating combinations,the most suitable excellent mating combinations,suitable general mating combinations,and unsuitable poor mating combinations,and the accuracy of discriminant analysis was over 96. 3%. [Conclusion]The results showed that there was high heterosis in X. sorbifolium( family heritability > 30%),and strong genetic gain could be obtained by selecting excellent mating combinations. The mating combination with the highest total fruit weight was G1 × G3. The mating combination with the largest single seed weight was H5 × B. The combination B ×H5,G1 × G3,and B × N7 were the best mating combinations for evaluating the overall fruit and seed phenotypic traits. For the newly discovered self-cross( cross-pollination) advantage,H5 was the best monophyletic mating combination. For the newly discovered intercrossing advantage,the optimal two-line mating combination was G1 and G3; and the optimal three-line mating combination was N7,B and H5.The established method of comprehensive evaluation and selection could effectively select excellent mating combinations,which could provide scientific basis and mating arrangement model in increasing the yield of X. sorbifolium in the future.
[Objective]Xanthoceras sorbifolium is the most potential woody oil tree species in northern China,but it has yield problems of flower abortion and self-incompatible. This paper dataly analyzes the variation and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit and seed phenotypic traits of different mating combinations in Xanthoceras sorbifolium. The aim is to improve the yield. [Method] Six types of X.sorbifolium( six types refer to type A,B,G1,G3,H5 and N7 based on rootcut graft of X. sorbifolium in2014) were used to conduct the open/hand-pollination experiment in a X. sorbifolium seed orchard in the semi-arid region of Aohan Banner,Inner Mongolia of northern China. The experiment included 36 mating combinations of self-crossing,intercrossing and open pollination. The evaluation of the best mating combination by Canoco-PCA-TOPSIS was based on 10 fruit traits( such as fruit quality and average grain quality). [Result]According to Canoco principal component analysis( Canoco-PCA),first 2 principal components contributed more than 90% of the factors. The main component score matrix for each mating combinations was used to establish comprehensive evaluation,while TOPSIS was used for sorting 36 mating combinations of fruit and seed phenotypic traits. The results were divided into 3 groups according to whether the results were suitable as excellent mating combinations,the most suitable excellent mating combinations,suitable general mating combinations,and unsuitable poor mating combinations,and the accuracy of discriminant analysis was over 96. 3%. [Conclusion]The results showed that there was high heterosis in X. sorbifolium( family heritability > 30%),and strong genetic gain could be obtained by selecting excellent mating combinations. The mating combination with the highest total fruit weight was G1 × G3. The mating combination with the largest single seed weight was H5 × B. The combination B ×H5,G1 × G3,and B × N7 were the best mating combinations for evaluating the overall fruit and seed phenotypic traits. For the newly discovered self-cross( cross-pollination) advantage,H5 was the best monophyletic mating combination. For the newly discovered intercrossing advantage,the optimal two-line mating combination was G1 and G3; and the optimal three-line mating combination was N7,B and H5.The established method of comprehensive evaluation and selection could effectively select excellent mating combinations,which could provide scientific basis and mating arrangement model in increasing the yield of X. sorbifolium in the future.
引文
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