乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究
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摘要
比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)综合反映了植物利用自然资源的能力,也体现了植物对环境的适应性。以乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林体系3种杨树(新疆杨、二白杨和小叶杨)为研究对象,通过测定叶面积、叶饱和鲜重及干重,计算了SLA和LDMC,探讨了3种杨树的生态适应性。结果表明:3种杨树叶面积和叶重之间均为极显著线性相关关系(p<0.000 1),可用叶面积与叶重的关系式来推算叶面积。其中,用叶面积与叶饱和鲜重的关系式推算的叶面积数据准确度更高。3种杨树的SLA、LDMC均存在极显著差异(p<0.0001),新疆杨、二白杨、小叶杨的SLA和LDMC分别为(9.955±2.574)m~2·kg~(-1)和(420.38±68.046)mg·g~(-1),(12.964±2.465)m~2·kg~(-1)和(301.017±32.647)mg·g~(-1),(16.462±6.286)m~2·kg~(-1)和(287.678±72.055)mg·g~(-1)。SLA和LDMC之间呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.0001),可用幂函数y=ax~(-b)来表述。SLA和LDMC较好地反映了3种杨树对乌兰布和沙漠贫瘠与干旱环境的适应能力,新疆杨的适应性优于二白杨和小叶杨,建议今后该区域防护林更新与重建过程中应适当加大新疆杨的数量比例。
The specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry matter content(LMDC) can be used to reflect the ability of natural resource utilization and the adaptation to environment of plants.Three poplar species(Populus alba var.pyramidalis Bge.,P.gansuensis C.Wang et H.L.Yang and P.simonii Carr.) of oasis protection forest system in Ulan Buh Desert were selected as the research object.The environment adaptation of the three poplar species was discussed with SLA and LDMC which were calculated through the measurement of leaf area(LA),saturated wet leaf weight and dry leaf weight.The results showed that the LA of three poplar species were significantly and linearly related to their leaf weights(p<0.000 1),the LA could be calculated by the leaf weight.The LA calculated by saturated wet leaf weight showed greater accuracy than that of dry leaf weight.There were significant differences in SLA as well as LDMC(p<0.0001)among the three species.The SLA and LDMC of P.alba var.pyramidalis,P.gansuensis and P.simonii were(9.955±2.574)m~2·kg~(-1) and(420.38±68.046)mg·g~(-1),(12.964±2.465)m~2·kg~(-1) and(301.017±32.647)mg·g~(-1),(16.462±6.286)m~2·kg~(-1) and(287.678±72.055)mg·g~(-1),respectively.The SLA was significantly and negatively related to the LDMC(p<0.000 1),which could be expressed by the form of power function y =ax~(-b).The adaptability to the infertility and drought was well reflected by SLA and LDMC.The adaptability of P.alba var.pyramidalis was higher than the two others,so the proportion of P.alba var.pyramidalis in the regeneration and restoration of protection forest should be increased in UIan Buh Desert.
The specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry matter content(LMDC) can be used to reflect the ability of natural resource utilization and the adaptation to environment of plants.Three poplar species(Populus alba var.pyramidalis Bge.,P.gansuensis C.Wang et H.L.Yang and P.simonii Carr.) of oasis protection forest system in Ulan Buh Desert were selected as the research object.The environment adaptation of the three poplar species was discussed with SLA and LDMC which were calculated through the measurement of leaf area(LA),saturated wet leaf weight and dry leaf weight.The results showed that the LA of three poplar species were significantly and linearly related to their leaf weights(p<0.000 1),the LA could be calculated by the leaf weight.The LA calculated by saturated wet leaf weight showed greater accuracy than that of dry leaf weight.There were significant differences in SLA as well as LDMC(p<0.0001)among the three species.The SLA and LDMC of P.alba var.pyramidalis,P.gansuensis and P.simonii were(9.955±2.574)m~2·kg~(-1) and(420.38±68.046)mg·g~(-1),(12.964±2.465)m~2·kg~(-1) and(301.017±32.647)mg·g~(-1),(16.462±6.286)m~2·kg~(-1) and(287.678±72.055)mg·g~(-1),respectively.The SLA was significantly and negatively related to the LDMC(p<0.000 1),which could be expressed by the form of power function y =ax~(-b).The adaptability to the infertility and drought was well reflected by SLA and LDMC.The adaptability of P.alba var.pyramidalis was higher than the two others,so the proportion of P.alba var.pyramidalis in the regeneration and restoration of protection forest should be increased in UIan Buh Desert.
引文
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[3]ROCHE P,DAZ-BURLINSON N,GACHET S.Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits:which traits are the more reliable[J].Plant Ecology,2004,174(1):37-48.
[4]张林,罗天祥.植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(6):844-852.
[5]高君亮,郝玉光,张景波,等.基于数字图像处理的防护林体系三种杨树叶面积测定[J].农机化研究,2013,35(7):39-42,47.
[6]朱春全,雷静品,刘晓东.不同经营方式下杨树人工林叶面积分布与动态研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(1),46-51.ZHU C Q,LEI J P,LIU X D,et al.The distribution and seasonal change of leaf area in poplar plantations managed in different ways[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[7]张建农.甜瓜叶片生长动态与叶面积变化观测[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(2):176-178.
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[10]杨劲峰,陈清,韩晓日,等.数字图像处理技术在蔬菜叶面积测量中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):155-158.
[11]李新国,蔡胜忠,李绍鹏,等.应用数字图像技术测定油梨叶面积[J].热带农业科学,2009,29(2):10-13.
[12]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应-以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.CHAI Y X,ZHU N,HAN H J.Dust removal effect of urban tree species in Harbin[J].Chinese Journal Applied Ecology,2002,13(9):1121-1126.(in Chinese)
[13]李海梅,刘霞.青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1659-1662.
[14]SCHULZE E D,KELLIHER F M,KORNER C,et al.Relationship among maximum stomatal conductance,ecosystem surface conductance,carbon assimilation rate,and plant nitrogen nutrition:aglobal ecology scaling exercise[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1994,(25):629-660.
[15]杭夏子,翁殊斐,袁喆.华南5种园林灌木叶性状特征及其对环境响应的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):243-247.HANG X Z,WENG S F,YUAN Z.Relationships between leaf traits of 5plantscape shrubs and their responses to the environment in southern China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):243-247.(in Chinese)
[16]李永华,罗天祥,卢琦,等.青海省沙珠玉治沙站17种主要植物叶性因子的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):994-999.LI Y H,LUO T X,LU Q,et al.Comparisons of leaf traits among 17major plant species in Shazhuyu sand control experimental station of Qinghai Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(5):994-999.(in Chinese)
[17]韩梅梅,岳桦.黑榆在哈尔滨3种不同生境下的适应性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(6):56-59.HAN M M,YUE H.Adaptability research of Ulmus davidiana var.mandshuricaunder three different habitats in Harbin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(6):56-59.(in Chinese)
[18]张林,罗天祥,邓坤枚,等.云南松比叶面积和叶干物质含量随冠层高度的垂直变化规律[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(1):40-44.ZHANG L,LUO T X,DENG K M,et al.Vertical variations in specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content with canopy height in Pinus yunnanensis[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(1):40-44.(in Chinese)
[19]POORTER H,NIINEMETS U,WALTER A,et al.A method to construct dose-response curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a meta-analysis of phenotypic date[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(8):2043-2055.
[20]WILSON P,THOMPSON K,HODGSON J.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):155-162.
[21]李玉霖,崔建垣,苏永中.不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):304-311.LI Y L,CUI J Y,SU Y Z.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):304-311.(in Chinese)
[22]周济源,何俊洁,郭治远,等.淮北相山主要优势物种比叶面积与叶干物质含量初步研究[J].淮北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(3):51-54.
[23]吴晓成,张秋良,臧润国,等.额尔齐斯河天然杨树林叶面积指数及比叶面积的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):10-15.WU X C,ZHANG Q L,ZANG R G,et al.Leaf area index and specific leaf area of natural poplars in Ergis Basin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(4):10-15.(in Chinese)
[24]韦兰英,上官周平.黄土高原不同退耕年限坡地植物比叶面积与养分含量的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2526-2535.WEI L Y,SHANGGUAN Z P.Relation between specific leaf areas and leaf nutritent contents of plants growing on slopelands with different farming-abandoned periods in the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2526-2535.(in Chinese)
[25]张军红,侯新.不同固定程度沙地油蒿比叶面积和叶N含量的比较[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(23):39-42.
[26]GARNIER E,SHIPLEY B,ROUMET C,et al.A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content[J].Functional Ecology,2001,15(5):688-695.
[27]王志刚,赵英铭,司芳芳,等.绿洲防护林立木蓄积量指数及其应用[J].林业科学,2014,50(7):113-120.WANG Z G,ZHAO Y M,SI F F,et al.Discuss in stock volume index and application of the oasis protection forest system[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(7):113-120.(in Chinese)
[2]XUE L,CAO H.Changes of leaf traits of plants under stress resistance[J].Ecology and Environment,2010,19(8):2004-2009.
[3]ROCHE P,DAZ-BURLINSON N,GACHET S.Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits:which traits are the more reliable[J].Plant Ecology,2004,174(1):37-48.
[4]张林,罗天祥.植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(6):844-852.
[5]高君亮,郝玉光,张景波,等.基于数字图像处理的防护林体系三种杨树叶面积测定[J].农机化研究,2013,35(7):39-42,47.
[6]朱春全,雷静品,刘晓东.不同经营方式下杨树人工林叶面积分布与动态研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(1),46-51.ZHU C Q,LEI J P,LIU X D,et al.The distribution and seasonal change of leaf area in poplar plantations managed in different ways[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[7]张建农.甜瓜叶片生长动态与叶面积变化观测[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(2):176-178.
[8]董学军,黄子琛,郑海雷.几种沙生植物叶面积的估算与经验公式[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(4):33-36.DONG X J,HUANG Z C,ZHENG H L.A study on the estimation of leave area and its empirical formulation of some psammophyte shrub species[J].Arid Zone Research,1993,10(4):33-36.(in Chinese)
[9]尹婧,邱国玉,何凡,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区人工林叶面积特征[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):440-447.YIN J,QIU G Y,HE F,et al.Leaf area characteristics of plantation stands in semi-arid Loess Hill-gully region of China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(2):440-447.(in Chinese)
[10]杨劲峰,陈清,韩晓日,等.数字图像处理技术在蔬菜叶面积测量中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):155-158.
[11]李新国,蔡胜忠,李绍鹏,等.应用数字图像技术测定油梨叶面积[J].热带农业科学,2009,29(2):10-13.
[12]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应-以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.CHAI Y X,ZHU N,HAN H J.Dust removal effect of urban tree species in Harbin[J].Chinese Journal Applied Ecology,2002,13(9):1121-1126.(in Chinese)
[13]李海梅,刘霞.青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1659-1662.
[14]SCHULZE E D,KELLIHER F M,KORNER C,et al.Relationship among maximum stomatal conductance,ecosystem surface conductance,carbon assimilation rate,and plant nitrogen nutrition:aglobal ecology scaling exercise[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1994,(25):629-660.
[15]杭夏子,翁殊斐,袁喆.华南5种园林灌木叶性状特征及其对环境响应的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):243-247.HANG X Z,WENG S F,YUAN Z.Relationships between leaf traits of 5plantscape shrubs and their responses to the environment in southern China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):243-247.(in Chinese)
[16]李永华,罗天祥,卢琦,等.青海省沙珠玉治沙站17种主要植物叶性因子的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):994-999.LI Y H,LUO T X,LU Q,et al.Comparisons of leaf traits among 17major plant species in Shazhuyu sand control experimental station of Qinghai Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(5):994-999.(in Chinese)
[17]韩梅梅,岳桦.黑榆在哈尔滨3种不同生境下的适应性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(6):56-59.HAN M M,YUE H.Adaptability research of Ulmus davidiana var.mandshuricaunder three different habitats in Harbin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(6):56-59.(in Chinese)
[18]张林,罗天祥,邓坤枚,等.云南松比叶面积和叶干物质含量随冠层高度的垂直变化规律[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(1):40-44.ZHANG L,LUO T X,DENG K M,et al.Vertical variations in specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content with canopy height in Pinus yunnanensis[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(1):40-44.(in Chinese)
[19]POORTER H,NIINEMETS U,WALTER A,et al.A method to construct dose-response curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a meta-analysis of phenotypic date[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(8):2043-2055.
[20]WILSON P,THOMPSON K,HODGSON J.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):155-162.
[21]李玉霖,崔建垣,苏永中.不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):304-311.LI Y L,CUI J Y,SU Y Z.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):304-311.(in Chinese)
[22]周济源,何俊洁,郭治远,等.淮北相山主要优势物种比叶面积与叶干物质含量初步研究[J].淮北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(3):51-54.
[23]吴晓成,张秋良,臧润国,等.额尔齐斯河天然杨树林叶面积指数及比叶面积的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):10-15.WU X C,ZHANG Q L,ZANG R G,et al.Leaf area index and specific leaf area of natural poplars in Ergis Basin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(4):10-15.(in Chinese)
[24]韦兰英,上官周平.黄土高原不同退耕年限坡地植物比叶面积与养分含量的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2526-2535.WEI L Y,SHANGGUAN Z P.Relation between specific leaf areas and leaf nutritent contents of plants growing on slopelands with different farming-abandoned periods in the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2526-2535.(in Chinese)
[25]张军红,侯新.不同固定程度沙地油蒿比叶面积和叶N含量的比较[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(23):39-42.
[26]GARNIER E,SHIPLEY B,ROUMET C,et al.A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content[J].Functional Ecology,2001,15(5):688-695.
[27]王志刚,赵英铭,司芳芳,等.绿洲防护林立木蓄积量指数及其应用[J].林业科学,2014,50(7):113-120.WANG Z G,ZHAO Y M,SI F F,et al.Discuss in stock volume index and application of the oasis protection forest system[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(7):113-120.(in Chinese)