叠前各向异性强度属性在乍得Bongor盆地P潜山裂缝性储层预测中的应用
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摘要
裂缝性储层是乍得Bongor盆地潜山油藏主要储集类型,研究区地震资料较差,基底成像不清,利用地震资料进行裂缝预测符合率不高.近几年,在乍得多个潜山实施了"宽频、宽方位、高密度"(以下称"两宽一高")三维地震勘探,基底成像效果有了明显改善.由于"两宽一高"地震勘探近几年刚刚兴起,目前利用"两宽一高"OVT处理资料预测裂缝的方法较少,主要是基于振幅随偏移距及方位角的变化的原理(AVAZ),目前主要的方法为基于椭圆拟合的各向异性强度预测法,本文首先应用椭圆拟合法预测了Bongor盆地P潜山的各向异性强度,对结果进行了分析,指出了椭圆拟合法的局限性,进而首次在Bongor盆地研发并应用了基于统计法的各向异性强度预测技术,即首先通过道集规则化将不规则的道集处理成螺旋道集,然后在道集中统计振幅或双程走时的方差进行裂缝预测,在乍得P潜山取得了较好的效果,预测符合率达到80%以上,平面规律性明显.
Fractured reservoir is the major reservoir type of buried hill oil pool in Bongor Basin, Chad. Due to the poor quality of the old seismic data in the study area, the basement imaging is unclear, which leads to the low coincidence rate of the previous fracture prediction. In recent years, 3 D seismic data acquisition of "wide bandwidth, wide azimuth and high density"(hereafter referred to as "two-wides and one-high") has been implemented in several buried hills in Chad. As a result, the effect of basement imaging has been improved remarkably. As "two-wides and one-high" seismic survey has just become popular in recent years, there are fewer methods to predict fractures by using "two-wides and one-high" OVT processing data, and most of them are based on amplitude versus offset and azimuth theory(AVAZ). In this study, ellipse fitting method was firstly used to predict anisotropic intensity of P Buried hill in the Bongor Basin, then based on the results analysis, the limitation of ellipse fitting was pointed out. Furthermore, the anisotropic intensity prediction technology based on statistics was firstly applied in the Bongor Basin, in which the irregular gathers were first processed into helical gathers through gather regularization, and then variance of amplitude or TWT in gathers were counted to predict fractures. With this method, good results have been achieved in fractures predicting in P Buried hill in Chad, with more than 80% coincidence rate and a clear planar regularity of fracture distribution.
Fractured reservoir is the major reservoir type of buried hill oil pool in Bongor Basin, Chad. Due to the poor quality of the old seismic data in the study area, the basement imaging is unclear, which leads to the low coincidence rate of the previous fracture prediction. In recent years, 3 D seismic data acquisition of "wide bandwidth, wide azimuth and high density"(hereafter referred to as "two-wides and one-high") has been implemented in several buried hills in Chad. As a result, the effect of basement imaging has been improved remarkably. As "two-wides and one-high" seismic survey has just become popular in recent years, there are fewer methods to predict fractures by using "two-wides and one-high" OVT processing data, and most of them are based on amplitude versus offset and azimuth theory(AVAZ). In this study, ellipse fitting method was firstly used to predict anisotropic intensity of P Buried hill in the Bongor Basin, then based on the results analysis, the limitation of ellipse fitting was pointed out. Furthermore, the anisotropic intensity prediction technology based on statistics was firstly applied in the Bongor Basin, in which the irregular gathers were first processed into helical gathers through gather regularization, and then variance of amplitude or TWT in gathers were counted to predict fractures. With this method, good results have been achieved in fractures predicting in P Buried hill in Chad, with more than 80% coincidence rate and a clear planar regularity of fracture distribution.
引文
Chen Z G, Xu G, Dai S H, et al. 2017. Application of seismic sensitive azimuth hydrocarbon prediction based on ‘WF, WA&HD’ seismic data at L buried hill in Basin, Chad. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(3): 1114-1120, doi: 10.6038/pg20170322.
Dou L R, Xiao K Y, Hu Y, et al. 2011. Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin, The Republic of Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 32(3): 379-386.
Dou L R, Wei X D, Wang J C, et al. 2015. Characteristics of granitic basement rock buried-hill reservoir in Bongor Basin, Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 36(8): 897-904, 925.
Far M E, Figueiredo J J S, Stewart R R, et al. 2013. Measurements of anisotropy parameters with variable frequency and stress in synthetic fractured media.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. SEG, 284-288.
Gao S L, Zhang M Q, Fa X. 2013. Low-frequency optimized acquisition method for Paleozoic strata under high shielding layer: South Yellow Sea basin example.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. SEG, 231-235.
Gray D, Zhang R Z, Li X. 2001. Fracture detection in Manderson Field: A 3-D AVZA case history. Overseas Petrogeophysics (in Chinese), (2): 43-47.
Hu Y B, Lv Z C, Pu Z Y, et al. 2014. Analysis of high-density seismic exploration technology in Loess Mountain. Journal of Yan′an University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 33(3): 83-88.
Ji Y X. 2002. Detection of fractured reservoirs with seismic data. Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese), 25(5): 28-35.
Tian Y C, Wang X W, Peng G X, et al. 2013. Noise attenuation technology on wide azimuth seismic data. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 48(2): 187-191.
van Baaren P, May R, Zarkhidze A, et al. 2012. Survey design for high-density, high-productivity, broadband vibroseis point-source and receiver acquisition—a case study.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012. SEG, 1-5.
Yuan L, Zhang L J, Wen T M. 2015. Application of offset vector tile(OVT) processing technique in tight oil exploration in the east of Junggar area. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 12(35): 22-26.
Zeng Y T, Wen Z G, Song H X. 2012. Geochemical characteristics of the source rock of K formation in the western sag of Bongor basin, chad.Natural Gas Geoscience (in Chinese), 23(6): 1121-1126.
Zhang B Q, Zhou H, Zuo H J, et al. 2011. Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 46(3): 396-400.
Zhao J, Tong X G, Xiao K Y et al. 2013. Sedimentary-diagenetic characteristics of reservoir sandstone and their controlling factors in Bongor Basin, Chad.Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) (in Chinese), 43(3): 649-658.
Hao S L, Zhao Q.2004. The effect of fractured medium on P wave azimuthal anisotropy: A physical model study. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 27 (3) :189-194.
Gray D, 张荣忠, 李霞. 2001. 在Manderson油田用3D AVAZ法进行裂缝探测的实例.石油物探译丛, (2): 43-47.
陈志刚, 徐刚, 代双和等. 2017. “两宽一高”地震资料的敏感方位油气检测技术在乍得潜山油藏描述的应用. 地球物理学进展, 32(3): 1114-1120, doi: 10.6038/pg20170322.
窦立荣, 魏小东, 王景春等. 2015. 乍得Bongor盆地花岗质基岩潜山储层特征. 石油学报, 36(8): 897-904, 925.
窦立荣, 肖坤业, 胡勇等. 2011. 乍得B盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式. 石油学报, 32(3): 379-386.
郝守玲,赵群. 2004. 裂缝介质对P波方位各向异性特征的影响——物理模型研究. 勘探地球物理进展, 27 (3) :189-194.
胡育波, 吕震川, 普宗源等. 2014. 黄土山地区高密度地震勘探激发方法分析. 延安大学学报(自然科学版), 33(3): 83-87.
季玉新. 2002. 用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法. 勘探地球物理进展, 25(5): 28-35.
田彦灿, 王西文, 彭更新等. 2013. 宽方位角地震资料噪声压制技术. 石油地球物理勘探, 48(2): 187-191.
袁燎, 张丽娟, 温铁民. 2015. OVT域处理技术在准噶尔盆地东部致密油勘探中的应用及效果. 长江大学学报(自然版), 12(35): 22-26.
曾艳涛, 文志刚, 宋换新. 2012. 乍得Bongor盆地西部凹陷K组烃源岩地球化学特征研究. 天然气地球科学, 23(6): 1121-1126.
张保庆, 周辉, 左黄金等. 2011. 宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果. 石油地球物理勘探, 46(3): 396-400.
赵健, 童晓光, 肖坤叶等. 2013. 乍得Bongor盆地储层沉积成岩特征及其主控因素. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 43(3): 649-658.
Dou L R, Xiao K Y, Hu Y, et al. 2011. Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bongor Basin, The Republic of Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 32(3): 379-386.
Dou L R, Wei X D, Wang J C, et al. 2015. Characteristics of granitic basement rock buried-hill reservoir in Bongor Basin, Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 36(8): 897-904, 925.
Far M E, Figueiredo J J S, Stewart R R, et al. 2013. Measurements of anisotropy parameters with variable frequency and stress in synthetic fractured media.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. SEG, 284-288.
Gao S L, Zhang M Q, Fa X. 2013. Low-frequency optimized acquisition method for Paleozoic strata under high shielding layer: South Yellow Sea basin example.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. SEG, 231-235.
Gray D, Zhang R Z, Li X. 2001. Fracture detection in Manderson Field: A 3-D AVZA case history. Overseas Petrogeophysics (in Chinese), (2): 43-47.
Hu Y B, Lv Z C, Pu Z Y, et al. 2014. Analysis of high-density seismic exploration technology in Loess Mountain. Journal of Yan′an University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 33(3): 83-88.
Ji Y X. 2002. Detection of fractured reservoirs with seismic data. Progress in Exploration Geophysics (in Chinese), 25(5): 28-35.
Tian Y C, Wang X W, Peng G X, et al. 2013. Noise attenuation technology on wide azimuth seismic data. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 48(2): 187-191.
van Baaren P, May R, Zarkhidze A, et al. 2012. Survey design for high-density, high-productivity, broadband vibroseis point-source and receiver acquisition—a case study.// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012. SEG, 1-5.
Yuan L, Zhang L J, Wen T M. 2015. Application of offset vector tile(OVT) processing technique in tight oil exploration in the east of Junggar area. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 12(35): 22-26.
Zeng Y T, Wen Z G, Song H X. 2012. Geochemical characteristics of the source rock of K formation in the western sag of Bongor basin, chad.Natural Gas Geoscience (in Chinese), 23(6): 1121-1126.
Zhang B Q, Zhou H, Zuo H J, et al. 2011. Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 46(3): 396-400.
Zhao J, Tong X G, Xiao K Y et al. 2013. Sedimentary-diagenetic characteristics of reservoir sandstone and their controlling factors in Bongor Basin, Chad.Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) (in Chinese), 43(3): 649-658.
Hao S L, Zhao Q.2004. The effect of fractured medium on P wave azimuthal anisotropy: A physical model study. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 27 (3) :189-194.
Gray D, 张荣忠, 李霞. 2001. 在Manderson油田用3D AVAZ法进行裂缝探测的实例.石油物探译丛, (2): 43-47.
陈志刚, 徐刚, 代双和等. 2017. “两宽一高”地震资料的敏感方位油气检测技术在乍得潜山油藏描述的应用. 地球物理学进展, 32(3): 1114-1120, doi: 10.6038/pg20170322.
窦立荣, 魏小东, 王景春等. 2015. 乍得Bongor盆地花岗质基岩潜山储层特征. 石油学报, 36(8): 897-904, 925.
窦立荣, 肖坤业, 胡勇等. 2011. 乍得B盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式. 石油学报, 32(3): 379-386.
郝守玲,赵群. 2004. 裂缝介质对P波方位各向异性特征的影响——物理模型研究. 勘探地球物理进展, 27 (3) :189-194.
胡育波, 吕震川, 普宗源等. 2014. 黄土山地区高密度地震勘探激发方法分析. 延安大学学报(自然科学版), 33(3): 83-87.
季玉新. 2002. 用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法. 勘探地球物理进展, 25(5): 28-35.
田彦灿, 王西文, 彭更新等. 2013. 宽方位角地震资料噪声压制技术. 石油地球物理勘探, 48(2): 187-191.
袁燎, 张丽娟, 温铁民. 2015. OVT域处理技术在准噶尔盆地东部致密油勘探中的应用及效果. 长江大学学报(自然版), 12(35): 22-26.
曾艳涛, 文志刚, 宋换新. 2012. 乍得Bongor盆地西部凹陷K组烃源岩地球化学特征研究. 天然气地球科学, 23(6): 1121-1126.
张保庆, 周辉, 左黄金等. 2011. 宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果. 石油地球物理勘探, 46(3): 396-400.
赵健, 童晓光, 肖坤叶等. 2013. 乍得Bongor盆地储层沉积成岩特征及其主控因素. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 43(3): 649-658.