基于甘特图的过程免疫时间计算方法
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摘要
针对过程免疫时间(PIT)评估困难的问题,引入了甘特图的概念,提出了PIT的计算方法。首先,根据PIT定义和甘特图基本原理,梳理了二者之间的对应关系。其次,根据甘特图分析的需要,定义了元件免疫时间常数。然后,分析不同电压暂降形式下所涉及的元件及其连接关系,用甘特图进行描述,寻找关键路径计算PIT。最后,通过构建实验平台,以扶梯为实例,对比了PIT的理论计算值与实验测试值,验证了方法的有效性。所提方法能充分利用甘特图的优势,为复杂工业过程的PIT评估提供高效工具。
Aiming at the difficulty of evaluating the process immunity time(PIT), a method to calculate PIT based on Gantt chart has been presented. Firstly, according to the definition of PIT and the basic theory of Gantt chart, the relationship between them is analyzed. Secondly, a concept of immunity time constant(ITC) is defined to help to analyze Gantt chart. Then, the components under different types of voltage sag and their connection relationships are described in Gantt chart. With the critical path in the Gantt chart, the PIT can be calculated. Finally, an experimental test platform has been established. The escalator is taken as the researching object. With the comparison between the calculation and experimental test results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, which can make full use of Gantt chart and provides an effective tool to evaluate the PIT for complicated industrial process.
Aiming at the difficulty of evaluating the process immunity time(PIT), a method to calculate PIT based on Gantt chart has been presented. Firstly, according to the definition of PIT and the basic theory of Gantt chart, the relationship between them is analyzed. Secondly, a concept of immunity time constant(ITC) is defined to help to analyze Gantt chart. Then, the components under different types of voltage sag and their connection relationships are described in Gantt chart. With the critical path in the Gantt chart, the PIT can be calculated. Finally, an experimental test platform has been established. The escalator is taken as the researching object. With the comparison between the calculation and experimental test results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, which can make full use of Gantt chart and provides an effective tool to evaluate the PIT for complicated industrial process.
引文
[1] CEBRIAN J C, KAGAN N, MILANOVIC J V. Applying process immunity time to assess annual industrial process trips[J]. Proceedings of 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting, July 27-31, 2014, National Harbor, USA.
[2] 欧阳森,刘平,吴彤彤,等.低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感性试验研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):575-581.OUYANG Sen, LIU Ping, WU Tongtong, et al. Experimental research on sensitivity of low voltage releaser to voltage sag[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(2): 575-581.
[3] 欧阳森,刘平,梁伟斌,等.低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感度三维模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):157-163.OUYANG Sen, LIU Ping, LIANG Weibin, et al. A three-dimensional model for sensitivity of low-voltage releases to voltage sags[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(22): 157-163.
[4] 莫文雄,许中,马智远,等.变频调速系统的电压暂降免疫度计算及关键参数设计[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(18):157-161.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171220002.MO Wenxiong, XU Zhong, MA Zhiyuan, et al. Voltage sag immunity calculation and key parameter design of adjustable speed drive[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(18): 157-161. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171220002.
[5] 徐永海,洪旺松,兰巧倩.电压暂降起始点与相位跳变对交流接触器影响的分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):92-97.XU Yonghai, HONG Wangsong, LAN Qiaoqian. Influence analysis of point-on-wave of voltage sag initiation and sag phase jump on alternating current contactor[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(4): 92-97.
[6] 钟庆,吴浩波,贺哲,等.交流接触器电压暂降非单调抗扰特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):112-117.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170712002.ZHONG Qing, WU Haobo, HE Zhe, et al. Analysis of non-monotonic voltage sag tolerance characteristics of AC contactors[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(3): 112-117. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20170712002.
[7] DJOKIC S Z, STOCKMAN K, MILANOVIC J V, et al. Sensitivity of AC adjustable speed drives to voltage sags and short interruptions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1): 494-505.
[8] BOLLEN M H J, ZHANG L D. Analysis of voltage tolerance of AC adjustable-speed drives for three-phase balanced and unbalanced sags[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000, 36(3): 904-910.
[9] 吴亚盆,刘颖英,徐永海.PLCs对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1422-1430.WU Yapen, LIU Yingying, XU Yonghai. Experimental research on PLCs sensitivity during voltage sags[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(6): 1422-1430.
[10] 陈海涛,钟庆,张尧.敏感设备电压暂降免疫度的仿真和分析[J].电力科学与技术学报,2013,28(3):65-70.CHEN Haitao, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Yao. Simulation and analysis on the immunity degree of voltage sag for sensitive equipment[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2013, 28(3): 65-70.
[11] DJOKIC S Z, DESMENT J, VANALME G, et al. Sensitivity of personal computer to voltage sags and short interruptions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1): 375-383.
[12] CIGRE/CIRED/UIE Joint Working Group C4.110. Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations[R]. CIGRE, Paris, France: 2010.
[13] REUSEL K V, STOCKMAN K, DRIESSENS W. Process immunity time assessment of its practicability in industry[C]// Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Harmonics and Quality of Power, September 26-29, 2010, Bergamo, Italy.
[14] CEBRIAN J C, MILANOVIC J V, KAGAN N. Case studies of application of process immunity time in assessment of financial losses due to system faults induced industrial process[C]// Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Meeting, July 26-30, 2015, Denver, USA.
[15] 李春海,李华强,刘勃江.基于过程免疫不确定性的工业用户电压暂降经济损失风险评估[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(12):136-142.LI Chunhai, LI Huaqiang, LIU Bojiang. Risk assessment based on process immunity time uncertainty for industrial customers’ financial losses due to voltage dip[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2016, 36(12): 136-142.
[16] 郑颖,刘旭娜,刘阳,等.基于过程免疫时间和可接受后果状态的优质园区供电质量等级划分[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):211-216.ZHENG Ying, LIU Xuna, LIU Yang, et al. Classification of power supply quality levels for premium power park based on process immunity time and acceptable resulting status[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38(1): 211-216.
[17] 于光明,郑颖.基于抗扰时间的优质电力园区技术方案优化方法[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(3):42-47.YU Guangming, ZHENG Ying. Optimization method of technical solution in premium power park based on process immunity time[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2017, 54(3): 42-47.
[18] 李丹丹,肖先勇,刘阳,等.利用过程免疫时间优化保护的电压暂降缓解方案[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):95-100.LI Dandan, XIAO Xianyong, LIU Yang, et al. Voltage sag mitigation scheme of using protection optimization with process immunity time[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2014, 34(9): 95-100.
[19] 高俊涛,张莉.基于过程建模的项目进度计划方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(9):1099-1102.GAO Juntao, ZHANG Li. Schedule planning method based on process modeling[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(9): 1099-1102.
[20] 叶平.基于PERT/CPM的甘特图应用研究[J].浙江建筑,2011,28(3):72-74.YE Ping. Study on application of PERT/CPM based Gantt chart[J]. Zhejiang Construction, 2011, 28(3): 72-74.
[21] 梁海燕,赵嵩正.基于JSP技术工程项目甘特图的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2006(8):43-44.LIANG Haiyan, ZHAO Songzheng. Design and implementation of drawing Gantt chart based on JSP technology[J]. Computer Application and Software, 2006(8): 43-44.
[22] 谢卫,曾等娣,盛传玲,等.甘特图在护理质量控制垂直管理中的应用[J].护理学杂志,2011,26(10):24-25.XIE Wei, ZENG Dengdi, SHENG Chuanling, et al. Use of the Gantt chart in nursing quality control[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2011, 26(10): 24-25.
[23] 李晓柯,金翼,孟丽娟.图形化技术在电力调度安全效能提升系统中的应用[J].华中电力,2011,24(4):52-56.LI Xiaoke, JIN Yi, MENG Lijuan. Application of graphical technology in power dispatching safety performance improvement system[J]. Central China Electric Power, 2011, 24(4): 52-56.
[24] 曹家玮.山西运城农村电网改造工程中的项目进度管理研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.CAO Jiawei. Research on project schedule management of rural power grid upgrading project in Shanxi Yuncheng[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2014.
[25] 电梯技术条件:GB/T 10058—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Specification of electric lifts: GB/T 10058—2009[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009.
[2] 欧阳森,刘平,吴彤彤,等.低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感性试验研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):575-581.OUYANG Sen, LIU Ping, WU Tongtong, et al. Experimental research on sensitivity of low voltage releaser to voltage sag[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(2): 575-581.
[3] 欧阳森,刘平,梁伟斌,等.低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感度三维模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):157-163.OUYANG Sen, LIU Ping, LIANG Weibin, et al. A three-dimensional model for sensitivity of low-voltage releases to voltage sags[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(22): 157-163.
[4] 莫文雄,许中,马智远,等.变频调速系统的电压暂降免疫度计算及关键参数设计[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(18):157-161.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171220002.MO Wenxiong, XU Zhong, MA Zhiyuan, et al. Voltage sag immunity calculation and key parameter design of adjustable speed drive[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(18): 157-161. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171220002.
[5] 徐永海,洪旺松,兰巧倩.电压暂降起始点与相位跳变对交流接触器影响的分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):92-97.XU Yonghai, HONG Wangsong, LAN Qiaoqian. Influence analysis of point-on-wave of voltage sag initiation and sag phase jump on alternating current contactor[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(4): 92-97.
[6] 钟庆,吴浩波,贺哲,等.交流接触器电压暂降非单调抗扰特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):112-117.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170712002.ZHONG Qing, WU Haobo, HE Zhe, et al. Analysis of non-monotonic voltage sag tolerance characteristics of AC contactors[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(3): 112-117. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20170712002.
[7] DJOKIC S Z, STOCKMAN K, MILANOVIC J V, et al. Sensitivity of AC adjustable speed drives to voltage sags and short interruptions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1): 494-505.
[8] BOLLEN M H J, ZHANG L D. Analysis of voltage tolerance of AC adjustable-speed drives for three-phase balanced and unbalanced sags[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000, 36(3): 904-910.
[9] 吴亚盆,刘颖英,徐永海.PLCs对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1422-1430.WU Yapen, LIU Yingying, XU Yonghai. Experimental research on PLCs sensitivity during voltage sags[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(6): 1422-1430.
[10] 陈海涛,钟庆,张尧.敏感设备电压暂降免疫度的仿真和分析[J].电力科学与技术学报,2013,28(3):65-70.CHEN Haitao, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Yao. Simulation and analysis on the immunity degree of voltage sag for sensitive equipment[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2013, 28(3): 65-70.
[11] DJOKIC S Z, DESMENT J, VANALME G, et al. Sensitivity of personal computer to voltage sags and short interruptions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1): 375-383.
[12] CIGRE/CIRED/UIE Joint Working Group C4.110. Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations[R]. CIGRE, Paris, France: 2010.
[13] REUSEL K V, STOCKMAN K, DRIESSENS W. Process immunity time assessment of its practicability in industry[C]// Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Harmonics and Quality of Power, September 26-29, 2010, Bergamo, Italy.
[14] CEBRIAN J C, MILANOVIC J V, KAGAN N. Case studies of application of process immunity time in assessment of financial losses due to system faults induced industrial process[C]// Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Meeting, July 26-30, 2015, Denver, USA.
[15] 李春海,李华强,刘勃江.基于过程免疫不确定性的工业用户电压暂降经济损失风险评估[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(12):136-142.LI Chunhai, LI Huaqiang, LIU Bojiang. Risk assessment based on process immunity time uncertainty for industrial customers’ financial losses due to voltage dip[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2016, 36(12): 136-142.
[16] 郑颖,刘旭娜,刘阳,等.基于过程免疫时间和可接受后果状态的优质园区供电质量等级划分[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):211-216.ZHENG Ying, LIU Xuna, LIU Yang, et al. Classification of power supply quality levels for premium power park based on process immunity time and acceptable resulting status[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38(1): 211-216.
[17] 于光明,郑颖.基于抗扰时间的优质电力园区技术方案优化方法[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(3):42-47.YU Guangming, ZHENG Ying. Optimization method of technical solution in premium power park based on process immunity time[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2017, 54(3): 42-47.
[18] 李丹丹,肖先勇,刘阳,等.利用过程免疫时间优化保护的电压暂降缓解方案[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):95-100.LI Dandan, XIAO Xianyong, LIU Yang, et al. Voltage sag mitigation scheme of using protection optimization with process immunity time[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2014, 34(9): 95-100.
[19] 高俊涛,张莉.基于过程建模的项目进度计划方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(9):1099-1102.GAO Juntao, ZHANG Li. Schedule planning method based on process modeling[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(9): 1099-1102.
[20] 叶平.基于PERT/CPM的甘特图应用研究[J].浙江建筑,2011,28(3):72-74.YE Ping. Study on application of PERT/CPM based Gantt chart[J]. Zhejiang Construction, 2011, 28(3): 72-74.
[21] 梁海燕,赵嵩正.基于JSP技术工程项目甘特图的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2006(8):43-44.LIANG Haiyan, ZHAO Songzheng. Design and implementation of drawing Gantt chart based on JSP technology[J]. Computer Application and Software, 2006(8): 43-44.
[22] 谢卫,曾等娣,盛传玲,等.甘特图在护理质量控制垂直管理中的应用[J].护理学杂志,2011,26(10):24-25.XIE Wei, ZENG Dengdi, SHENG Chuanling, et al. Use of the Gantt chart in nursing quality control[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2011, 26(10): 24-25.
[23] 李晓柯,金翼,孟丽娟.图形化技术在电力调度安全效能提升系统中的应用[J].华中电力,2011,24(4):52-56.LI Xiaoke, JIN Yi, MENG Lijuan. Application of graphical technology in power dispatching safety performance improvement system[J]. Central China Electric Power, 2011, 24(4): 52-56.
[24] 曹家玮.山西运城农村电网改造工程中的项目进度管理研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.CAO Jiawei. Research on project schedule management of rural power grid upgrading project in Shanxi Yuncheng[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2014.
[25] 电梯技术条件:GB/T 10058—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Specification of electric lifts: GB/T 10058—2009[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009.