公路混凝土梁桥寿命期养护优化策略分析
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摘要
我国现行公路桥梁养护规范体系没有对保证结构达到预期寿命做出相应的规定,这使得在役桥梁的实际使用寿命往往明显低于其设计使用年限。为研究在役公路混凝土梁桥寿命期的养护优化策略,以保证结构实际使用寿命不低于其设计使用年限,将桥梁养护措施划分为预防性养护和纠正性养护两大类。考虑影响养护决策的各随机因素,以寿命期总养护活动成本最小作为优化目标,提出在役公路混凝土梁桥寿命期养护优化决策的数学模型,通过调查统计福建省内81座公路混凝土梁桥的历史养护记录数据,确定了各随机变量的统计特征值。以福建省内某在役公路混凝土梁桥作为分析案例,利用Matlab软件的遗传算法进行养护策略优化分析,得到了该桥在设计使用年限内混凝土主梁和桥墩的最佳养护时间和养护方法。案例分析结果表明,在役混凝土梁桥寿命期总养护成本与其使用寿命和结构性能均不成正相关关系;仅通过预防性养护,混凝土梁桥不能满足在设计使用年限内结构安全的要求;在满足桥梁设计使用年限和最低性能的双重约束条件下,采用预防性与纠正性养护组合的综合养护优化策略对应的寿命期养护成本为最小;在桥梁结构性能指标接近最低限值时进行纠正性养护,也可使寿命期总养护成本显著减小。
Up to now no corresponding provision has been made in current Chinese highway bridge maintenance standard system to ensure that the bridge structure achieves its expected life,which makes the actual service lives of existing bridges often significantly lower than its designed service life. In order to study the optimal maintenance strategy for existing concrete girder highway bridges during its service lives,to ensure that the actual service lives of the structures are not less than their designed service lives,the maintenance measures for these bridges are divided into preventive maintenance( PM) and corrective maintenance( CM). Considering the random factors affecting the maintenance decision,and taking the minimum service life cycle maintenance cost( SLCMC) as the optimization objective,a mathematical model for the optimization decision of maintenance measures for the existing concrete girder highway bridges during their service lives is proposed. The statistical characteristics of the random variables are determined from the historical maintenance records of 81 concrete girder highway bridges in Fujian Province. Based on an existing highway concrete girder bridge in Fujian Province,the optimization analysis of maintenance strategy is carried out by using genetic algorithm of MATLAB software,and both the optimal maintenance time and measures forthe concrete girder and the piers within the design service life of the bridge are obtained. The result of case study shows that( 1) the SLCMC of the existing concrete girder bridge is not positively related to its service life and structural performance;( 2) the bridge cannot always meet the requirement of structural safety within its design service life under PM condition;( 3) under the constraint conditions of bridge service life and the minimum performance,the SLCMC of optimal maintenance strategy under the combination of PM and CM conditions is the least;( 4) the SLCMC may be also significantly decreased in case of CM strategy being carried out when the structural performance index approaches the minimum value.
Up to now no corresponding provision has been made in current Chinese highway bridge maintenance standard system to ensure that the bridge structure achieves its expected life,which makes the actual service lives of existing bridges often significantly lower than its designed service life. In order to study the optimal maintenance strategy for existing concrete girder highway bridges during its service lives,to ensure that the actual service lives of the structures are not less than their designed service lives,the maintenance measures for these bridges are divided into preventive maintenance( PM) and corrective maintenance( CM). Considering the random factors affecting the maintenance decision,and taking the minimum service life cycle maintenance cost( SLCMC) as the optimization objective,a mathematical model for the optimization decision of maintenance measures for the existing concrete girder highway bridges during their service lives is proposed. The statistical characteristics of the random variables are determined from the historical maintenance records of 81 concrete girder highway bridges in Fujian Province. Based on an existing highway concrete girder bridge in Fujian Province,the optimization analysis of maintenance strategy is carried out by using genetic algorithm of MATLAB software,and both the optimal maintenance time and measures forthe concrete girder and the piers within the design service life of the bridge are obtained. The result of case study shows that( 1) the SLCMC of the existing concrete girder bridge is not positively related to its service life and structural performance;( 2) the bridge cannot always meet the requirement of structural safety within its design service life under PM condition;( 3) under the constraint conditions of bridge service life and the minimum performance,the SLCMC of optimal maintenance strategy under the combination of PM and CM conditions is the least;( 4) the SLCMC may be also significantly decreased in case of CM strategy being carried out when the structural performance index approaches the minimum value.
引文
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[16]彭建新,邵旭东.混凝土桥梁结构性能退化可靠性评估及全寿命设计方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.PENG Jian-xin,SHAO Xu-dong. Reliability Assessment of Performance Deterioration and Whole-life Design Method for Concrete Bridge Structures[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.
[17] JTG D60—2015,公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].JTG D60—2015, General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts[S].
[18]雷英杰,张善文. MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M]. 2版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2014.LEI Ying-jie, ZHANG Shan-wen. MATLAB Genetic Algorithm Toolbox and Its Application[M]. 2nd ed.Xi'an:Xidian University Press,2014.
[19]邓聚龙.灰预测与灰决策[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.DENG Ju-long. Grey Prediction and Grey Decision[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2002.
[2] JOHNSON A M. Best Practices Handbook on Asphalt Pavement Maintenance, MN/RC 2000-04[R].Minneapolis:University of Minnesota,2000.
[3]孙马,刘庆阳,向程龙.桥梁预防性养护综合评估指标体系研究[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2013,32(增1):899-902.SUN Ma, LIU Qing-yang, XIANG Cheng-long.Comprehensive Evaluation Index System of Bridge Preventive Maintenance[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2013,32(S1):899-902.
[4]张春霞,王巍.基于费用效益最优的桥梁预防性养护时机确定方法研究[J].公路,2013(7):259-262.ZHANG Chun-xia,WANG Wei. Study on Determining Preventive Maintenance Time for Bridges Based on Best Cost-benefit[J]. Highway,2013(7):259-262.
[5]王巍,张春霞,乔国栋.基于灰色模糊综合评判的桥梁预防性养护后评估体系研究[J].公路,2014(1):153-157.WANG Wei,ZHANG Chun-xia,QIAO Guo-dong. Study on Post Evaluation System of Bridge Preventive Maintenance Based on Grey Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation[J]. Highway,2014(1):153-157.
[6]王巍,张春霞,邢佳鹏,等.桥梁预防性养护效果-成本-寿命集成优化[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2014,33(4):24-28.WANG Wei,ZHANG Chun-xia,XING Jia-peng,et al.Integrated Optimization Research on Effect-cost-life of Bridge Preventive Maintenance[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2014,33(4):24-28.
[7]黄天立,周浩,王超,等.基于伽马过程的锈蚀钢筋混凝土桥梁检测维护策略优化[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(5):1851-1861.HUANG Tian-li, ZHOU Hao, WANG Chao, et al.Optimization Inspection and Maintenance Strategy for Corrosive Reinforced Concrete Girder Bridges Based on Gamma Process[J]. Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2015,46(5):1851-1861.
[8] YUNIARTO H A, QARADHAWI Y. Optimization in Indonesia's Bridge Preventive Maintenance Programme:A Proposal[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2016,845:299-304.
[9]白山云,陈开利,陈杰,等.公路悬索桥预防性养护技术[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(2):101-106.BAI Shan-yun, CHEN Kai-li, CHEN Jie, et al.Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Highway Suspension Bridges[J]. Bridge Construction,2014,44(2):101-106.
[10]凌建明,官盛飞,赵鸿铎,等.公路沥青路面预养护多层次模糊决策模型[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(6):25-29,34.LING Jian-ming,GUAN Sheng-fei,ZHAO Hong-duo,et al. Multi-hierarchy Fuzzy Decision-making Model for PPM Treatment Selection of Highway Asphalt Pavement[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(6):25-29,34.
[11]苏卫国,赵慧芳.路面预防性养护效益评估方法[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(1):16-20,25.SU Wei-guo, ZHAO Hui-fang. Pavement Preventive Maintenance Benefits Evaluation[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2009,26(1):16-20,25.
[12]樊旭英,高凤春,王海龙,等.基于改进EW-AHP的沥青路面预防性养护评价模型[J].公路交通科技,2017,34(9):8-13.FAN Xu-ying,GAO Feng-chun,WANG Hai-long,et al.A Model for Asphalt Pavement Preventive Maintenance Evaluation Based on Improved EW-AHP[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2017,34(9):8-13.
[13] JTG H11—2004,公路桥涵养护规范[S].JTG H11—2004, Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culverts[S].
[14] FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S,GHARAIBEH E S.Reliability-based Life-cycle Management of Highway Bridges[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2001,15(1):27-34.
[15] FRANGOPOL D M,KONG J S. Life-cycle Safety and Costing for Maintenance of Aging Bridges[C]//Proceedings of the 2001 Structures Congress and Exposition. Washington,D. C.:Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE,2001:1-6.
[16]彭建新,邵旭东.混凝土桥梁结构性能退化可靠性评估及全寿命设计方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.PENG Jian-xin,SHAO Xu-dong. Reliability Assessment of Performance Deterioration and Whole-life Design Method for Concrete Bridge Structures[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.
[17] JTG D60—2015,公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].JTG D60—2015, General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts[S].
[18]雷英杰,张善文. MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M]. 2版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2014.LEI Ying-jie, ZHANG Shan-wen. MATLAB Genetic Algorithm Toolbox and Its Application[M]. 2nd ed.Xi'an:Xidian University Press,2014.
[19]邓聚龙.灰预测与灰决策[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.DENG Ju-long. Grey Prediction and Grey Decision[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2002.