基于磁畴结构交互作用的激光刻痕取向硅钢磁致伸缩系数计算
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摘要
基于取向硅钢磁畴结构与磁致伸缩系数的定量关系,综合考虑激光刻痕参数和取向偏差角对应力封闭畴与横向畴2种90°磁畴结构的影响,提出反映刻痕参数与取向偏差角交互作用的磁致伸缩系数计算模型。计算结果表明,取向偏差角的大小决定了激光刻痕条件下磁致伸缩行为是由横向畴还是应力封闭畴主导;激光刻痕产生的局部封闭畴与杂散磁场可降低取向偏差角引起的磁致伸缩系数。刻痕能量密度和刻痕线间距等参数对取向硅钢磁致伸缩系数影响的计算结果与实测结果相吻合,表明本工作所提模型可为降低激光刻痕取向硅钢的噪音提供理论基础。
Grain-oriented silicon steel is a key material used for iron cores of transformers because grain-oriented is most desirable for magnetic cores. With the rapid development of modern power industry, the requirement for grain-oriented silicon steel with lower magnetostriction and iron loss have exigent.Although the application of laser-scribed technology can effectively reduce iron loss by refining main magnetic domain in high permeability grain-oriented silicon steels, the influence of laser-scribing on the magnetostriction of grain-oriented silicon steel is still controversial due to the complex magnetic domain structure led by interaction among crystal orientation, surface tension and scribing parameters. In this work, a magnetostriction model for laser-scribed grain-oriented silicon steel is proposed based on the relationship between magnetostrictive coefficient and two kinds of 90° magnetic domain, stress closure domain and transverse domain, and the interaction effects of laser scribing parameters and orientation deviation angle(tilt angle of [001] easy axis out of sheet surface) are analyzed. The orientation deviation angle determines which 90° domain structure of either transverse domain or stress closure domain acts as the dominant factor for magnetostrictive behavior. The stress closure domain and stray magnetic field introduced by laser scribing can reduce the magnetostriction coefficient originated from orientation deviation angle. The theoretical calculation on the effects of laser-scribed energy density and laser-scribed spacing on magnetostriction coefficient is in agreement with the direct experimental measurement. The proposed model concerning the interaction between laser-scribing parameters and orientation deviation angle can provide the theoretical basis to reduce the noise of laser-scribed grain-oriented silicon steel.
Grain-oriented silicon steel is a key material used for iron cores of transformers because grain-oriented is most desirable for magnetic cores. With the rapid development of modern power industry, the requirement for grain-oriented silicon steel with lower magnetostriction and iron loss have exigent.Although the application of laser-scribed technology can effectively reduce iron loss by refining main magnetic domain in high permeability grain-oriented silicon steels, the influence of laser-scribing on the magnetostriction of grain-oriented silicon steel is still controversial due to the complex magnetic domain structure led by interaction among crystal orientation, surface tension and scribing parameters. In this work, a magnetostriction model for laser-scribed grain-oriented silicon steel is proposed based on the relationship between magnetostrictive coefficient and two kinds of 90° magnetic domain, stress closure domain and transverse domain, and the interaction effects of laser scribing parameters and orientation deviation angle(tilt angle of [001] easy axis out of sheet surface) are analyzed. The orientation deviation angle determines which 90° domain structure of either transverse domain or stress closure domain acts as the dominant factor for magnetostrictive behavior. The stress closure domain and stray magnetic field introduced by laser scribing can reduce the magnetostriction coefficient originated from orientation deviation angle. The theoretical calculation on the effects of laser-scribed energy density and laser-scribed spacing on magnetostriction coefficient is in agreement with the direct experimental measurement. The proposed model concerning the interaction between laser-scribing parameters and orientation deviation angle can provide the theoretical basis to reduce the noise of laser-scribed grain-oriented silicon steel.
引文
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[2]Moses A J.Energy efficient electrical steels:Magnetic perfor‐mance prediction and optimization[J].Scr.Mater.,2012,67:560
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[6]Nozawa T,Mizogami M,Mogi H,et al.Magnetic properties and dynamic domain behavior in grain-oriented 3%Si-Fe[J].IEEETrans.Magn.,1996,32:572
[7]Suzuki H,Akita K,Misawa H,et al.Mechanism of magnetic do‐main refinement on grain-oriented silicon steel by laser irradiation[J].J.Soc.Mater.Sci.Jpn,2002,8:207
[8]Zhu Y C,Wang L F,Qiao X L.Methods and mechanism of the do‐main refinement of grain oriented Silicon steel by surface treament[J].Res.Iron Steel,2006,34(6):50(朱业超,王良芳,乔学亮.表面处理细化取向硅钢磁畴的方法与机理[J].钢铁研究,2006,34(6):50)
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[10]Iwata K,Imafuku M,Suzuki T,et al.Internal stress distribution for generating closure domains in laser-irradiated Fe-3%Si(110)steels[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2015,117:2410
[11]Allia P,Celasco M,Milone A F,et al.Effect of the spike closure domains on the remanence and the magnetization curve in grainoriented Si-Fe sheets[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,1982,26:25
[12]Imamura M,Sasaki T.The status of domain theory for an investi‐gation of magnetostriction and magnetization processes in grainoriented Si-Fe sheets[J].Phy.Scr.,1988,24:29
[13]Zhang Z D.Magnetic structures,magnetic domains and topologi‐cal magnetic textures of magnetic materials[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2015,64:67503(张志东.磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构[J].物理学报,2015,64:67503)
[14]Moses A J.Effects of stresses on magnetic properties of siliconiron laminations[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1974,9:217
[15]Masui H.Influence of stress condition on initiation of magneto‐striction in grain oriented silicon steel[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,1995,31:930
[16]Anderson P I,Moses A J,Stanbury H J.Assessment of the stress sensitivity of magnetostriction in grain-oriented silicon steel[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,2007,43:3467
[17]Tabrizi S.Study of effective methods of characterisation of magne‐tostriction and its fundamental effect on transformer core noise[D].Wales:Cardiff University,2013
[18]Redikul'tsev A A,Korzunin G S,Lobanov M L,et al.Effect of an‐nealing on magnetostrictive characteristics of a grain-oriented elec‐trical steel with ordinary and refined domain structure[J].Phys.Met.Metall.,2014,115:650
[19]Fujikura M,Arai S,Kubota T.Effect of laser irradiation on the magnetostriction of grain-oriented electrical steels[J].J.Magn.Soc.Jpn,2001,25:895
[20]Ishida M,Nakano K,Honda A,et al.Analysis of the domain-refin‐ing effect of grooved grain-oriented silicon steel[J].J.Magn.Soc.Jpn,1994,18:809
[21]Iwata K,Fujikura M,Arai S,et al.Prediction method of basic do‐main structure in Fe3%Si(110)single crystal with grooved surface[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2014,115:17A341
[22]Arai S,Mizokami M,Yabumoto M.Magnetostriction of grain ori‐ented Si-Fe and its domain model[J].Prz.Elektrotechniczny,2011,87:20
[23]Hubert A,Sch?fer R.Magnetic Domains.The Analysis of Magnet‐ic Microstructures[M].Berlin:Springer,1999:275
[24]Iwata K,Arai S,Ishiyama K.Calculation of basic domain width considering lancet domains in(110)[001]Fe3%Si[J].IEEETrans.Magn.,2014,50:353
[25]Iwata K,Ishiyama K,Suzuki M,et al.Quantitative analysis of 90°closure domains occurring by compressive stress in Fe3%Si(110)steels[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,2014,50:2007004
[26]Imamura M,Sasaki T,Nishimura H.AC magnetostriction in Si-Fe single crystals close to[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,1983,19:20
[27]Li J D,Gu Y Q,Guo Z Y.Decreasing the core loss of grain-oriented silicon steel by laser processing[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,1997,69:180
[28]Sarkar S,Gopinath M,Chakraborty S S,et al.Analysis of tempera‐ture and surface hardening of low carbon thin steel sheets using Yb-fiber laser[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2016,302:344
[29]Patri S,Gurusamy R,Molian P A,et al.Magnetic domain refine‐ment of silicon-steel laminations by laser scribing[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1996,31:1693
[2]Moses A J.Energy efficient electrical steels:Magnetic perfor‐mance prediction and optimization[J].Scr.Mater.,2012,67:560
[3]He Z Z,Zhao Y,Luo H W.Electrical Steel[M].Beijing:Metallur‐gical Industry Press,2012:360(何忠志,赵宇,罗海文.电工钢[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012:360)
[4]He C X,Yang F Y,Yan G C,et al.Effect of normalizing on tex‐tures of thin-gauge grain-oriented silicon steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:1063(何承绪,杨富尧,严国春等.常化处理对薄规格取向硅钢织构的影响[J].金属学报,2016,52:1063)
[5]Ushigami Y,Mizokami M,Fujikura M,et al.Recent development of low-loss grain-oriented silicon steel[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2003,254-255:307
[6]Nozawa T,Mizogami M,Mogi H,et al.Magnetic properties and dynamic domain behavior in grain-oriented 3%Si-Fe[J].IEEETrans.Magn.,1996,32:572
[7]Suzuki H,Akita K,Misawa H,et al.Mechanism of magnetic do‐main refinement on grain-oriented silicon steel by laser irradiation[J].J.Soc.Mater.Sci.Jpn,2002,8:207
[8]Zhu Y C,Wang L F,Qiao X L.Methods and mechanism of the do‐main refinement of grain oriented Silicon steel by surface treament[J].Res.Iron Steel,2006,34(6):50(朱业超,王良芳,乔学亮.表面处理细化取向硅钢磁畴的方法与机理[J].钢铁研究,2006,34(6):50)
[9]Imafuku M,Suzuki H,Akita K,et al.Effects of laser irradiation on iron loss reduction for Fe-3%Si grain-oriented silicon steel[J].Ac‐ta Mater.,2005,53:939
[10]Iwata K,Imafuku M,Suzuki T,et al.Internal stress distribution for generating closure domains in laser-irradiated Fe-3%Si(110)steels[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2015,117:2410
[11]Allia P,Celasco M,Milone A F,et al.Effect of the spike closure domains on the remanence and the magnetization curve in grainoriented Si-Fe sheets[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,1982,26:25
[12]Imamura M,Sasaki T.The status of domain theory for an investi‐gation of magnetostriction and magnetization processes in grainoriented Si-Fe sheets[J].Phy.Scr.,1988,24:29
[13]Zhang Z D.Magnetic structures,magnetic domains and topologi‐cal magnetic textures of magnetic materials[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2015,64:67503(张志东.磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构[J].物理学报,2015,64:67503)
[14]Moses A J.Effects of stresses on magnetic properties of siliconiron laminations[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1974,9:217
[15]Masui H.Influence of stress condition on initiation of magneto‐striction in grain oriented silicon steel[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,1995,31:930
[16]Anderson P I,Moses A J,Stanbury H J.Assessment of the stress sensitivity of magnetostriction in grain-oriented silicon steel[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,2007,43:3467
[17]Tabrizi S.Study of effective methods of characterisation of magne‐tostriction and its fundamental effect on transformer core noise[D].Wales:Cardiff University,2013
[18]Redikul'tsev A A,Korzunin G S,Lobanov M L,et al.Effect of an‐nealing on magnetostrictive characteristics of a grain-oriented elec‐trical steel with ordinary and refined domain structure[J].Phys.Met.Metall.,2014,115:650
[19]Fujikura M,Arai S,Kubota T.Effect of laser irradiation on the magnetostriction of grain-oriented electrical steels[J].J.Magn.Soc.Jpn,2001,25:895
[20]Ishida M,Nakano K,Honda A,et al.Analysis of the domain-refin‐ing effect of grooved grain-oriented silicon steel[J].J.Magn.Soc.Jpn,1994,18:809
[21]Iwata K,Fujikura M,Arai S,et al.Prediction method of basic do‐main structure in Fe3%Si(110)single crystal with grooved surface[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2014,115:17A341
[22]Arai S,Mizokami M,Yabumoto M.Magnetostriction of grain ori‐ented Si-Fe and its domain model[J].Prz.Elektrotechniczny,2011,87:20
[23]Hubert A,Sch?fer R.Magnetic Domains.The Analysis of Magnet‐ic Microstructures[M].Berlin:Springer,1999:275
[24]Iwata K,Arai S,Ishiyama K.Calculation of basic domain width considering lancet domains in(110)[001]Fe3%Si[J].IEEETrans.Magn.,2014,50:353
[25]Iwata K,Ishiyama K,Suzuki M,et al.Quantitative analysis of 90°closure domains occurring by compressive stress in Fe3%Si(110)steels[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,2014,50:2007004
[26]Imamura M,Sasaki T,Nishimura H.AC magnetostriction in Si-Fe single crystals close to[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.,1983,19:20
[27]Li J D,Gu Y Q,Guo Z Y.Decreasing the core loss of grain-oriented silicon steel by laser processing[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,1997,69:180
[28]Sarkar S,Gopinath M,Chakraborty S S,et al.Analysis of tempera‐ture and surface hardening of low carbon thin steel sheets using Yb-fiber laser[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2016,302:344
[29]Patri S,Gurusamy R,Molian P A,et al.Magnetic domain refine‐ment of silicon-steel laminations by laser scribing[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1996,31:1693