甜菜褐斑病化学防治喷洒次数研究
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摘要
甜菜褐斑病对甜菜的产质量影响很大,喷洒杀菌剂是防治甜菜褐斑病的重要手段。为有效防治甜菜褐斑病,确定喷洒杀菌剂次数,2015—2016年,采用4次喷药、3次喷药、2次喷药、1次喷药、清水对照5个处理、4次重复、随机区组排列方法进行田间试验。调查防治效果、块根产量、含糖率、产糖量4个指标,确定最佳防治喷洒次数。2年的试验结果表明:各处理间防治效果差异显著;各处理间块根产量差异不显著;各处理间含糖率差异2015年显著、2016不显著;各处理间产糖量差异2015年显著、2016年不显著。试验结果的总体趋势是随着喷药次数的增加,防治效果、块根产量、含糖率、产糖量也随之增高。以4次喷药处理的各项指标最高,亦即4次喷药防治甜菜褐斑病效果最好。平均2年4次喷药的防治效果、块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别为70.54%、7.23 kg/m~2、14.91%、1.15 kg/m~2。
Cercospora Leaf Spot(CLS) of sugar beet significantly influences the yield and quality of sugar beet,and spraying fungicide is a key method to prevent sugar beet from CLS. To prevent CLS, from 2015-2016, five treatments(spraying times: 4, 3, 2, 1, and water as control), four repeats, randomized block design were used.The control effects, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content were investigated, and the optimal prevention time was determined. The results of two years' study showed that the differences among the treatments were significant. However, there was no significant difference of root yield among the treatments. Furthermore, sugarrate of every treatment was significantly different in 2015, but it was not significantly different in 2016, andsugar content ditto. The results exhibited that the control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar contentincreased with the increasing of spraying times. All the indexes of 4 spraying times were the highest, and the control effect was the best. Control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content of 4 spraying times in two years were 70.54%, 7.23 kg/m~2, 14.91% and 1.15 kg/m~2.
Cercospora Leaf Spot(CLS) of sugar beet significantly influences the yield and quality of sugar beet,and spraying fungicide is a key method to prevent sugar beet from CLS. To prevent CLS, from 2015-2016, five treatments(spraying times: 4, 3, 2, 1, and water as control), four repeats, randomized block design were used.The control effects, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content were investigated, and the optimal prevention time was determined. The results of two years' study showed that the differences among the treatments were significant. However, there was no significant difference of root yield among the treatments. Furthermore, sugarrate of every treatment was significantly different in 2015, but it was not significantly different in 2016, andsugar content ditto. The results exhibited that the control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar contentincreased with the increasing of spraying times. All the indexes of 4 spraying times were the highest, and the control effect was the best. Control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content of 4 spraying times in two years were 70.54%, 7.23 kg/m~2, 14.91% and 1.15 kg/m~2.
引文
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[14]丁德芳.几种杀菌剂对甜菜褐斑病的防治效果[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):44-45.
[15]黄大昉,王侠,周淑芝.甜菜褐斑病菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗药性的研究[J].植物保护学报,1982(2):131-135.
[16]林杰,刘梅,吴学宏,等.甜菜褐斑病菌抗药性分子机理研究进展[J].中国糖料,2012(4):60-63.
[17]Trkulja N,Milosavljevi?A,Stanisavljevi?R,et al.Occurrence of Cercospora beticola populations resistant to benzimidazoles and demethylation-inhibiting fungicides in Serbia and their impact on disease management[J].Crop Protection,2015,75:80-87.
[18]Karaoglanidis G S,Karadimos D A,Ioannidis P M,et al.Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola populations to fentin-acetate,benomyl and flutriafol in Greece[J].Crop Protection,2003,22(5):735-740.
[19]Budakov D,Nagl N,Stoj?in V,et al.Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola isolates from Serbia to carbendazim and flutriafol[J].Crop Protection,2014,66:120-126.
[20]Karaoglanidis G S,Ioannidis P M,Thanassoulopoulos C C,et al.Influence of fungicide spray schedules on the sensitivity of Cercospora beticola to the sterol demethylation-inhibiting fungicide flutriafol[J].Crop Protection,2001,20(10):941-947.
[21]Khan M F R,Smith L J.Evaluating fungicides for controlling Cercospora leaf spoton sugar beet[J].Crop Protection,2005(24):79-86.
[2]Vereijssen J,Schneider J H M,Jeger M J.Supervised control of Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beet,Crop Protection,2007,26(1):19-28.
[3]李文兵,刘梅,林艳军,等.甜菜褐斑病引起我国甜菜产量和含糖率损失的初步分析[A].中国植物病理学会2014年学术年会论文集[C].2014.
[4]陈申宽,那德伟,赵玉荣.甜菜褐斑病病叶率与病情指数及产量关系的调查[J].内蒙古农业科技,2001(5):19-20.
[5]杨安沛,李迎春,孙桂荣,等.伊犁地区甜菜褐斑病田间消长规律及其与气象因子的关系[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(4):679-684.
[6]咸洪泉.甜菜褐斑病试验调查分析方法[J].农药科学与管理,2001,增刊:24-25.
[7]Vaghefi N,Kikkert J R,Bolton M D,et al.De novo genome assembly of Cercospora beticola for microsatellite marker development and validation[J].Fungal Ecology,2017(26):125-134.
[8]刘大丽,马龙彪,纪岩,等.甜菜褐斑病抗性基因的克隆[J].中国糖料,2017,39(4):5-7.
[9]Annett Gummert,Erwin Ladewig,Klaus Bürcky,et al.Variety resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and fungicide application as tools of integrated pest management in sugar beet cultivation e A German case study[J].Crop Protection,2015,72:182-194.
[10]乔志文,李彦丽,柏章才.3种杀菌剂防治甜菜褐斑病间隔期及效果[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):72-76.
[11]陈拴彪,潘建廷,菅晨光,等.杜邦福星防治甜菜褐斑病田间药效试验[J].中国糖料,2012,2:43-44.
[12]李春杰,韩成贵,朱向明,等.5种杀菌剂对甜菜褐斑病的防治效果[J].中国糖料,2013,3:62-63.
[13]宋柏权,范有君,闫志山,等.几种杀菌剂防治甜菜褐斑病的效果[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(1):137-139.
[14]丁德芳.几种杀菌剂对甜菜褐斑病的防治效果[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):44-45.
[15]黄大昉,王侠,周淑芝.甜菜褐斑病菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗药性的研究[J].植物保护学报,1982(2):131-135.
[16]林杰,刘梅,吴学宏,等.甜菜褐斑病菌抗药性分子机理研究进展[J].中国糖料,2012(4):60-63.
[17]Trkulja N,Milosavljevi?A,Stanisavljevi?R,et al.Occurrence of Cercospora beticola populations resistant to benzimidazoles and demethylation-inhibiting fungicides in Serbia and their impact on disease management[J].Crop Protection,2015,75:80-87.
[18]Karaoglanidis G S,Karadimos D A,Ioannidis P M,et al.Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola populations to fentin-acetate,benomyl and flutriafol in Greece[J].Crop Protection,2003,22(5):735-740.
[19]Budakov D,Nagl N,Stoj?in V,et al.Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola isolates from Serbia to carbendazim and flutriafol[J].Crop Protection,2014,66:120-126.
[20]Karaoglanidis G S,Ioannidis P M,Thanassoulopoulos C C,et al.Influence of fungicide spray schedules on the sensitivity of Cercospora beticola to the sterol demethylation-inhibiting fungicide flutriafol[J].Crop Protection,2001,20(10):941-947.
[21]Khan M F R,Smith L J.Evaluating fungicides for controlling Cercospora leaf spoton sugar beet[J].Crop Protection,2005(24):79-86.