扎墨公路泥石流灾害特征及防治措施研究
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摘要
西藏扎墨公路沿线地势陡峭、降水充沛、岩体破碎,造成沿线泥石流频发,公路结构损毁严重,对公路交通安全和区域经济发展造成严重影响。对扎墨公路沿线泥石流等地质灾害开展调查研究,得到了沿线泥石流的分布规律;公路泥石流密度平均为0.69处/km,泥石流分布密度和危害程度最大的是中段,从中段向公路的南端和北端逐渐减小,降水对泥石流密度和强度影响明显。通过对比及结合扎墨公路新改建工程的实际情况,推荐了单排抗滑桩或桩板墙方案作为滑坡防治方案。
Along the Tibet ZhaMo highway,the terrain is steep and there are plenty of rainfall and the rock mass is broken,resulting in the frequent debris flow along the road and the serious damage to the highway structure,which has a serious impact on the road traffic safety and regional economic development.The investigation of debris flow and other geological disasters along the ZhaMo highway indicates the distribution characteristics of debris flows along the route.Among them,the middle section is the highest distribution density and hazard degree(Ⅲ section),which decreasing from the middle section to the southern and northern ends of the highway.The average debris flow density is 0.69 parts per km,and the influence of precipitation on the strength and density of debris flow is obvious.This paper introduces the common engineering technology and protective engineering technology of debris flow,taking the typical landslide(K85 landslide)of ZhaMo highway as an example.By comparing the scheme of single-row anti-slide piles with theprestressed anchor cables of frame and combining the actual situation of reconstruction project in ZhaMo,the paper recommends a row of anti-slide pile or piled wall as a landslide prevention scheme.
Along the Tibet ZhaMo highway,the terrain is steep and there are plenty of rainfall and the rock mass is broken,resulting in the frequent debris flow along the road and the serious damage to the highway structure,which has a serious impact on the road traffic safety and regional economic development.The investigation of debris flow and other geological disasters along the ZhaMo highway indicates the distribution characteristics of debris flows along the route.Among them,the middle section is the highest distribution density and hazard degree(Ⅲ section),which decreasing from the middle section to the southern and northern ends of the highway.The average debris flow density is 0.69 parts per km,and the influence of precipitation on the strength and density of debris flow is obvious.This paper introduces the common engineering technology and protective engineering technology of debris flow,taking the typical landslide(K85 landslide)of ZhaMo highway as an example.By comparing the scheme of single-row anti-slide piles with theprestressed anchor cables of frame and combining the actual situation of reconstruction project in ZhaMo,the paper recommends a row of anti-slide pile or piled wall as a landslide prevention scheme.
引文
[1]中国科学院水利部西藏交通科学研究院.川藏公路典型山地灾害研究[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999:112-158.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Cas,Tibet Transportation Institute.A study of typical mountain hazards along sichuan-tibethighway[M].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1999:112-158.(in Chinese)
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[7]李致,王秋梅.扎(木)墨(脱)公路病害分析与处治[J].西部交通科技,2009(11):37-41,91.LI Zhi,WANG Qiumei.The analysis and countermeasure of defects in Zamoroad[J].Western China Communication and Technology,2009(11):37-41,91.(in Chinese)
[8]涂国强,吴积善,杜凤.扎墨公路泥石流危害特点与防治基本思路[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2013(4):115-118.TU Guangqiang,WU Jishan,DU Feng.Debris flow hazard characteristics of Zamo highway and its basic ideas of prevention and cure[J].Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,2013(4):115-118.(in Chinese)
[9]邵翠茹,尤惠川,曹忠权,等.雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区构造和地震活动特征[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):398-412.SHAO Cuiru,YOU Huichuan,CAO Zhongquan,et al.Tectoniccharacteristics and seismic activitiesofY-aluzangbuGrandCanyon,Tibet,China[J].Technology for Earthquake Disater Prevention,2008,3(4):398-412.(in Chinese)
[10]许强,李骅锦,何雨森,等.文家沟泥石流治理工程效果的定量分析评价[J].工程地质学报,2017(4):1046-1056.XU Qiang,LI Huajin,HE Yusen,et al.Quantitative elevation of engineering treatments for prevention of debris flow at wenjia gully[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017(4):1046-1056.(in Chinese)
[11]李彦稷,胡凯衡.基于扇形地形态特征的泥石流危险评估[J].山地学报,2017,35(1):32-38.LI Yanji,HU Kaiheng.Risk assessment based on morphological characteristics of debrisflow alluvial fan[J].Mountain Research,2017,35(1):32-38.(in Chinese)
[12]赵欢,田伟平,李家春,等.公路泥石流灾害危险性分区研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(2):24-29.ZHAO Huan,TIAN Weiping,LI Jiachun,et al.The study on the risk regionalization of highway debris flow disasters[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2016,31(2):24-29.(in Chinese)
[13]张广帅,邓浩俊,杜锟,等.泥石流频发区山地不同海拔土壤化学计量特征---以云南省小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):675-687.ZHANG Guangshuai,DENG Haojun,DU Kun,et al.Soil stoichiometry characteristics at different elevation gradients of a mountain in an area with high frequency debris flow:a case study in Xiaojiang Watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,361(2):675-687.(in Chinese)
[2]中国科学院-水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.西藏自治区交通科学研究所,西藏泥石流与环境[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999:31-119.
[3]王培清,陈昌福,金建立.西藏扎墨公路病害与整治分析[J].路基工程,2010(4):268-271.WANG Peiqing,CHEN Changfu,JIN Jianli.Analysis on disasters and treatment of Zamo highway in tibet[J].Subgrade Engineering,2010(4):268-271.(in Chinese)
[4]程尊兰,刘晶晶,刘建康,等.西藏扎墨公路泥石流特点[J].山地学报,2011,29(S1):13-17.CHENG Zunlan,LIU Jingjing,LIU Jiankang,et al.Characteristics of debirs flows along the Zhamu-Motuohighway,Tibet[J].Mountain Research,2011,29(S1):13-17.(in Chinese)
[5]乔春江,陈卫忠,郭小红,等.西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉特长隧道建设技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1908-1920.QIAO Chunjiang,CHEN Weizhing,GUO Xiaohong,et al.Construction technology of Galonglaextra-long tunnel along Zamo-Motuo Highway in Tibet[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1908-1920.(in Chinese)
[6]何正贵.墨脱公路自然环境与山地灾害[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(1):28-31.HE Zhenggui.Natural environment and mountain disasters along Motuohighway[J].Journalof geo logical hazards and environment preservation,2003,14(1):28-31.(in Chinese)
[7]李致,王秋梅.扎(木)墨(脱)公路病害分析与处治[J].西部交通科技,2009(11):37-41,91.LI Zhi,WANG Qiumei.The analysis and countermeasure of defects in Zamoroad[J].Western China Communication and Technology,2009(11):37-41,91.(in Chinese)
[8]涂国强,吴积善,杜凤.扎墨公路泥石流危害特点与防治基本思路[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2013(4):115-118.TU Guangqiang,WU Jishan,DU Feng.Debris flow hazard characteristics of Zamo highway and its basic ideas of prevention and cure[J].Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,2013(4):115-118.(in Chinese)
[9]邵翠茹,尤惠川,曹忠权,等.雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区构造和地震活动特征[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):398-412.SHAO Cuiru,YOU Huichuan,CAO Zhongquan,et al.Tectoniccharacteristics and seismic activitiesofY-aluzangbuGrandCanyon,Tibet,China[J].Technology for Earthquake Disater Prevention,2008,3(4):398-412.(in Chinese)
[10]许强,李骅锦,何雨森,等.文家沟泥石流治理工程效果的定量分析评价[J].工程地质学报,2017(4):1046-1056.XU Qiang,LI Huajin,HE Yusen,et al.Quantitative elevation of engineering treatments for prevention of debris flow at wenjia gully[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017(4):1046-1056.(in Chinese)
[11]李彦稷,胡凯衡.基于扇形地形态特征的泥石流危险评估[J].山地学报,2017,35(1):32-38.LI Yanji,HU Kaiheng.Risk assessment based on morphological characteristics of debrisflow alluvial fan[J].Mountain Research,2017,35(1):32-38.(in Chinese)
[12]赵欢,田伟平,李家春,等.公路泥石流灾害危险性分区研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(2):24-29.ZHAO Huan,TIAN Weiping,LI Jiachun,et al.The study on the risk regionalization of highway debris flow disasters[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2016,31(2):24-29.(in Chinese)
[13]张广帅,邓浩俊,杜锟,等.泥石流频发区山地不同海拔土壤化学计量特征---以云南省小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):675-687.ZHANG Guangshuai,DENG Haojun,DU Kun,et al.Soil stoichiometry characteristics at different elevation gradients of a mountain in an area with high frequency debris flow:a case study in Xiaojiang Watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,361(2):675-687.(in Chinese)