基于SSR标记的山西野生大豆种质资源遗传多样性分析
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摘要
分析山西野生大豆资源的遗传多样性和遗传结构有助于了解山西野生大豆起源与进化,为野生大豆优异种质挖掘及资源高效利用等提供理论基础。本研究采用52对SSR分子标记对来自于山西省9个地区32个县市的70份野生大豆资源进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:共扩增出450个等位基因,平均每对引物扩增出8.7个等位基因,变幅为3～19。等位基因频率为0.185 7～0.885 7,平均0.421 0;基因遗传多样性指数为0.210 2～0.871 8,平均0.710 0;多态性信息含量为0.201 9～0.858 4,平均0.679 7。将所有供试材料按地理来源分类,并进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,中部野生大豆资源的平均等位基因数、平均基因多样性指数和平均多态信息含量最高,北部次之,南部最低。而各组的平均主要等位基因频率结果与之相反。基于遗传结构和基于遗传距离的聚类分析都可将试验材料分为3个类群,两种分类结果基本相同。第一类群主要包括山西中部部分资源,第二类群主要包括山西中部部分资源和山西北部资源,第三类群主要包括山西南部资源。聚类结果与地理来源较为一致。山西野生大豆资源遗传多样性较高。中部野生大豆资源的遗传多样性最高,北部资源次之,南部资源最低。推测山西中部和北部曾经发生过种质交流,导致中部资源遗传多样性最高,该区域可能为山西野生大豆的遗传多样性中心。
Understanding of the genetic diversity of wild soybean resources from Shanxi province is a basis research on its origin and evolution, it will provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation of excellent germplasm and the efficient utilization of wild soybean resources. In this study, genetic diversity of wild soybean resources from 32 counties belong to 9 regions in Shanxi province was analyzed using 52 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. A total of 450 alleles were detected with 8.7 alleles per locus ranging from 3 to 19. The major allele frequency ranged 0.185 7-0.885 7 with the mean value of 0.421 0. The gene diversity index ranged 0.210 2-0.871 8 with the mean value of 0.710 0. The polymorphism information content ranged 0.201 9-0.858 4 with the mean value of 0.679 7. According to geographical distribution, all materials were divided into three groups-North, Middle and South. Genetic diversity of every group was evaluated. The allele number, the average gene diversity index and the average polymorphism information content of the middle resources were the highest, the north resources followed, the south resources the lowest. The results of average major allele frequency of three groups were contrary to the results of the allele number. Experimental materials were divided into three groups based on genetic structure and genetic distance respectively. Results of two division methods were similarity. GroupⅠwas composed of part of middle resources, groupⅡwas composed of another part of middle resources and northern resources, group Ⅲ was composed of southern resources. It was found that cluster results were approximately consistent with the geographical distribution of the wild soybean. Wild soybean resources in Shanxi province had rich variation. Middle resources had the highest gene diversity, northern resource the next highest and southern resources the lowest. Therefore, it is speculated that introduction and domestication is occurred between the North and the Middle of Shanxi. The middle region is the center of genetic diversity of wild soybean in Shanxi province.
Understanding of the genetic diversity of wild soybean resources from Shanxi province is a basis research on its origin and evolution, it will provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation of excellent germplasm and the efficient utilization of wild soybean resources. In this study, genetic diversity of wild soybean resources from 32 counties belong to 9 regions in Shanxi province was analyzed using 52 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. A total of 450 alleles were detected with 8.7 alleles per locus ranging from 3 to 19. The major allele frequency ranged 0.185 7-0.885 7 with the mean value of 0.421 0. The gene diversity index ranged 0.210 2-0.871 8 with the mean value of 0.710 0. The polymorphism information content ranged 0.201 9-0.858 4 with the mean value of 0.679 7. According to geographical distribution, all materials were divided into three groups-North, Middle and South. Genetic diversity of every group was evaluated. The allele number, the average gene diversity index and the average polymorphism information content of the middle resources were the highest, the north resources followed, the south resources the lowest. The results of average major allele frequency of three groups were contrary to the results of the allele number. Experimental materials were divided into three groups based on genetic structure and genetic distance respectively. Results of two division methods were similarity. GroupⅠwas composed of part of middle resources, groupⅡwas composed of another part of middle resources and northern resources, group Ⅲ was composed of southern resources. It was found that cluster results were approximately consistent with the geographical distribution of the wild soybean. Wild soybean resources in Shanxi province had rich variation. Middle resources had the highest gene diversity, northern resource the next highest and southern resources the lowest. Therefore, it is speculated that introduction and domestication is occurred between the North and the Middle of Shanxi. The middle region is the center of genetic diversity of wild soybean in Shanxi province.
引文
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[2]杨光宇,纪锋.中国野生大豆资源的研究与利用综述Ⅰ地理分布、化学品质性状及在育种中的利用[J].吉林农业科学,1999,24(1):12-17.(Yang G Y,Ji F.Research and utilization progress on wild soybean in chinaⅠgeographical distribution,chemical quality,and its application in breeding[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,1999,24(1):12-17.)
[3]孙蕾,赵洪锟,赵芙,等.东北野生大豆遗传多样性分析[J].大豆科学,2015,34(3):356-360.(Sun L,Zhao H K,Zhao F,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Glycine soja in northeast China[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(3):356-360.)
[4]徐豹,徐航,庄炳昌,等.中国野生大豆(G.soja)脂肪含量的多样性及其地理分布[J].大豆科学,1993,12(4):269-274.(Xu B,Xu H,Zhuang B C,et al.Polymorphism and geographical distribution of fat content of wild soybean(G.soja)in China[J].Soybean Science,1993,12(4):269-274.)
[5]徐豹,徐航,庄炳昌,等.中国野生大豆(G.soja)籽粒性状的遗传多样性及其地理分布[J].作物学报,1995,21(6):733-739.(Xu B,Xu H,Zhuang B C,et al.Polymorphism and geographical distribution of seed characters of wild soybean(G.soja)in China[J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,1995,21(6):733-739.)
[6]庄炳昌,徐航,王玉民,等.中国野生大豆(Glycine soja)茎叶性状的多态性及其地理分布[J].作物学报,1996,22(5):583-586.(Zhuang B C,Xu H,Wang Y M,et al.Polymorphism and geographical distribution of the stem and leaf characters of wild soybean(Glycine soja)in China[J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,1996,22(5):583-586.)
[7]Dong Y S,Zhuang B C,Zhao L M,et al.The genetic diversity of annual wild soybeans grown in China[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2001,103(1):98-103.
[8]李炜,肖佳雷,毕影东,等.黑龙江省野生大豆资源农艺性状和品质性状的遗传多样性分析[J].大豆科学,2015,34(1):9-14.(Li W,Xiao J L,Bi Y D,et al.Diversity of wild soybean resources based on agronomic and quality traits in Heilongjiang province[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(1):9-14.)
[9]裴颜龙,王岚,葛颂,等.野生大豆遗传多样性研究Ⅰ4个天然居群等位酶水平的分析[J].大豆科学,1996,15(4):302-309.(Pei Y L,Wang L,Ge S,et al.Studies on genetic diversity of Glycine sojaⅠisozyme variation in four populations[J].Soybean Science,1996,15(4):302-309.)
[10]许东河,高忠,盖钧镒,等.中国野生大豆与栽培大豆等位酶、RFLP和RAPD标记的遗传多样性与演化趋势分析[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(6):16-22.(Xu D H,Gao Z,Gai JY,et al.Genetic diversity and evolutionary tendency detected by isozyme,RFLP and RAPD markers in wild and cultivated soybeans in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999,32(6):16-22.)
[11]董英山,庄炳昌,赵丽梅,等.中国野生大豆遗传多样性中心[J].作物学报,2000,26(5):224-230.(Dong Y S,Zhuang B C,Zhao L M,et al.The genetic diversity centers of annual wild soybean in China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2000,26(5):224-230.)
[12]Li Y H,Li W,Zhang C,et al.Genetic diversity in domesticated soybean(Glycine max)and its wild progenitor(Glycine soja)for simple sequence repeat and single-nucleotide polymorphism loci[J].New Phytologist,2010,188(1):242-253.
[13]赵洪锟,王玉民,李启云,等.中国不同纬度野生大豆和栽培大豆SSR分析[J].大豆科学,2001,20(3):172-176.(Zhao H K,Wang Y M,Li Q Y,et al.SSR analysis of wild soybean and cultivated soybean from different latitude in China[J].Soybean Science,2001,20(3):172-176.)
[14]丁艳来,赵团结,盖钧镒.中国野生大豆的遗传多样性和生态特异性分析[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):133-142.(Ding Y L,Zhao T J,Gai J Y.Genetic diversity and ecological differentiation of Chinese annual wild soybean[J].Biodiversity Science,2008,16(2):133-142.)
[15]文自翔,赵团结,丁艳来,等.中国栽培及野生大豆的遗传多样性、地理分化和演化关系研究[J].科学通报,2009,54:3301-3310.(Wen Z X,Zhao T J,Ding Y L.Genetic diversity,geographic differentiation and evolutionary relationship among ecotypes of Glycine max and G.soja in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(21):3301-3310.)
[16]程春明,杨存义,马启彬,等.江西野生大豆遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(6):928-933.(Cheng CM,Yang C Y,Ma Q B,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of wild soybean resources in Jiangxi[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(6):928-933.)
[17]李为民,王宇超,黎斌,等.陕西省野生大豆种质资源的SSR遗传多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(24):99-105.(Li W M,Wang Y C,Li B,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of Glycine soja germplasm resources in Shanxi province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(24):99-105.)
[18]魏苗,李建东,燕雪飞,等.中国东北野生大豆SSR遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析[J].大豆科学,2011,30(3):388-396.(Wei M,Li J D,Yan X F,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity and relationship of Glycine soja in northeast China[J].Soybean Science,2011,30(3):388-396.)
[19]王果,胡正,张保缺,等.山西省野生大豆资源遗传多样性分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2182-2190.(Wang G,Hu Z,Zhang B Q,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of Shanxi’s wild soybean(Glycine soja)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):2182-2190.)
[20]王国勋,常汝镇,李莹,等.山西省野生大豆资源考察报告[J].中国油料作物学报,1980,2(3):41-47.(Wang G X,Chang R Z,Li Y,et al.The investigation of wild soybean germplasm in Shanxi[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Science,1980,2(3):41-47.)
[21]Doyle J J.Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue[J].Focus,1990,12:13-15.
[22]Chun F W,Guan Q J,Hui Z,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure of chinese foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L)beauv.]landraces[J].Genes Genomes Genetics,2012,22(2):769-777.
[23]Evanno G,Regnaut S,Goudet J.Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure:A simulation study[J].Molecular Ecology,2005,14(8):2611-2620.
[24]严茂粉,李向华,王克晶.北京地区野生大豆种群SSR标记的遗传多样性评价[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(4):938-950.(Yan M F,Li X H,Wang K J.Evaluation of genetic diversity by SSR markers for natural population of wild soybean(Glycine soja)growing in the region of Beijing,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(4):938-950.)
[25]高慧.北方沿海滩涂野生大豆资源的收集及其遗传多样性的SSR分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008:23-24.(Gao H.Genetic diversity of newly collected wild soybean in coastal Land in north of china revealed by SSR markers[D].Hohehot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2008:23-24.)
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