上海市心理卫生服务人员职业发展需求分析
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摘要
目的:调查研究上海市心理卫生服务机构从业人员的职业压力状况,以此探讨该群体的职业发展需求。方法:采用总体抽样,对上海市824名心理卫生服务机构从业者进行问卷调查。结果:选择最多的压力应激源为专业技能不足(55.34%)、缺乏必要的督导(43,81%)和收入不高(43,81%)。不同的因素对压力应激源都有一定的影响作用,其中专业背景(χ~2=56.036,79.792,2.499;P<0.001)、工作年限(P<0.01)为前两个压力应激源;个人从心理行业获得的月收入(P<0.001)、机构类型(χ~2=61.337,98.052,20.660;P<0.001)以及从业状态(χ~2=18.280,5.039,4.688;P<0.05)这些因素对3个主要压力应激源均有较为显著的影响。结论:工作年限较高、月收入水平较低、从事兼职、医学背景或在医疗机构工作的这些群体在专业发展和经济上有更多的职业压力。心理卫生服务机构从业人员的主要职业发展需求集中在专业技能的提升、必要的督导以及行业整体环境,包括收入和工作机构类型等方面。
Objective:To investigate the professional development demands of mental health practitioners in Shanghai by analyzing the status of occupational stress.Methods:A total of 824 mental health practitioners in Shanghai from general sample were tested by questionnaire survey.Results:Most people chose the deficiency of professional skills(55.34%),lack of necessary supervisor(43,81%)and low income(43,81%)to be the most important stress categories.Different factors had certain effects on stress categories,especially the professional background(χ~2=56.036,79.792,2.499;P<0.001),the years of working(P<0.01)had effects on the two former major stress categories,the monthly income from mental health institution(P<0.001),type of institution(χ~2=61.337,98.052,20.660;P<0.001)and employment status(χ~2=18.280,5.039,4.688;P<0.05)on the three major stress categories.Conclusion:People with more working years,lower monthly income,doing part-time job,medical background and working in the medical institution may have higher occupational stress level about the development of profession and economy.And the professional development demands of mental health practitioners focus on the improvement of professional skills,necessary supervisor,and the industry environment including income and the type of institution.
Objective:To investigate the professional development demands of mental health practitioners in Shanghai by analyzing the status of occupational stress.Methods:A total of 824 mental health practitioners in Shanghai from general sample were tested by questionnaire survey.Results:Most people chose the deficiency of professional skills(55.34%),lack of necessary supervisor(43,81%)and low income(43,81%)to be the most important stress categories.Different factors had certain effects on stress categories,especially the professional background(χ~2=56.036,79.792,2.499;P<0.001),the years of working(P<0.01)had effects on the two former major stress categories,the monthly income from mental health institution(P<0.001),type of institution(χ~2=61.337,98.052,20.660;P<0.001)and employment status(χ~2=18.280,5.039,4.688;P<0.05)on the three major stress categories.Conclusion:People with more working years,lower monthly income,doing part-time job,medical background and working in the medical institution may have higher occupational stress level about the development of profession and economy.And the professional development demands of mental health practitioners focus on the improvement of professional skills,necessary supervisor,and the industry environment including income and the type of institution.
引文
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[2]Rossi A,Cetrano G,Pertile R,et al.Burnout,compassion fatigue,and compassion satisfaction among staff in community-based mental health services[J].Psychiatry Research,2012,200(2-3):933-938
[3]Lasalvia A,Bonetto C,Bertani M,et al.Influence of perceived organisational factors on job burnout:Survey of community mental health staff[J].The British Journal of Psychiatry,2009,195(6):537-544
[4]Finlay-Jones A L,Rees C S,Kane R T.Self-compassion,emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists:Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling[J].PloS one,2015,10(7):e0133481
[5]Hannigan B,Edwards D,Burnard P.Stress and stress management in clinical psychology:Findings from a systematic review[J].Journal of Mental Health,2004,13(3):235-245
[6]Deary I J,Blenkin H,Agius R M,et al.Models of job-related stress and personal achievement among consultant doctors[J].British journal of Psychology,1996,87(1):3-29
[7]甘怡群,钱铭怡,陈红,等.中国心理健康服务从业者的职业压力现状及影响因素[J].心理科学,2007,30(5):1046-1051
[8]周锡芳,王伟.心理健康专业人员工作初期的职业倦怠风险[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(12):1806-1809
[9]乔瑞峰,刘彩谊,梁炳楠,等.心理健康教师职业满意度与职业兴趣、价值观的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2016,24(1):28-32
[10]孙华风.精神科护士职业压力源与自我控制的相关报告[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(12):1809-1812
[11]马淑香,崔利军,侯安营,等.低年资精神科护士职业焦虑及相关因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(8):933-934
[12]向慧,张亚林,曹玉萍.我国心理治疗与咨询从业人员的职业压力调查[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(6):659-661
[13]樊富珉,黄蘅玉,冯杰.心理咨询与治疗工作中督导的意义与作用[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(9):648-652
[14]施跃健,王玲凤.医生职业压力与心理健康状况关系[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(5):529-531
[15]那军,邢立莹,杨晓丽,等.职业风险、工作压力和组织公平对医生工作倦怠的影响[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(17):3105-3108
[16]陈敖贵.我国心理咨询市场需求与行业管理现状[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(12):1515-1517
[17]Saraceno B,Van O M,Batniji R,et al.Barriers to improvement of mental health services in low-income and middle-income countries[J].2007,370(9593):1164-1174