计及撬棒电路的双馈风电机组二次骤升故障穿越特性分析
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摘要
风电场在低电压故障穿越时,由于系统保护设计不合理,故障不能快速切除,无功补偿控制策略存在问题或风机不具备高电压穿越能力,导致低电压穿越故障发生之后出现骤升故障。针对这一工况,在考虑了电网电压骤降恢复阶段的前提下,计及了撬棒电路是否投入对双馈风电机组的影响。因此,首先建立了考虑电压骤降恢复阶段和撬棒电路的暂态数学模型,推导出未投入撬棒电路和投入撬棒电路两种情形下的定、转子电流表达式。然后详细分析了是否投入撬棒电路两种情形对二次骤升故障穿越特性的影响,得到了撬棒电路的投入条件和最优的撬棒电阻投入阻值。最后通过仿真验证,表明了推导的定转子电流表达式、投入条件及最优撬棒阻值的合理性,同时也说明了暂态模型的正确性,为分析二次骤升故障穿越特性提供了精确的模型。
When a wind farm crosses a low-voltage fault, due to unreasonable system protection design, the fault cannot be quickly removed, there is a problem with reactive power compensation control strategy or the fan does not have high voltage ride-through capability, resulting in a sudden rise after a low voltage ride through fault. In this working condition, this paper considers whether the crowbar circuit will affect the double-fed wind turbine under the premise of taking into account the recovery stage of the voltage sag. Therefore, this paper first establishes a transient mathematical model that considers the voltage dip recovery phase and the crowbar circuit, and derives the stator and rotor current expressions for both the crowbar circuit and the input crowbar circuit. And then it analyzes two situations whether or not the crowbar circuit is put into have influence on the secondary voltage swell fault ride-through characteristics, and obtains the input condition of the crowbar circuit and the optimal input resistance of the crowbar resistance. Finally, simulation verification shows the rationality of derived stator and rotor currents expression, the input conditions and the optimal resistance of the crowbar and illustrates the correctness of the transient model, which can provide an accurate model for the analysis of the secondary catastrophic failure traversal characteristics.
When a wind farm crosses a low-voltage fault, due to unreasonable system protection design, the fault cannot be quickly removed, there is a problem with reactive power compensation control strategy or the fan does not have high voltage ride-through capability, resulting in a sudden rise after a low voltage ride through fault. In this working condition, this paper considers whether the crowbar circuit will affect the double-fed wind turbine under the premise of taking into account the recovery stage of the voltage sag. Therefore, this paper first establishes a transient mathematical model that considers the voltage dip recovery phase and the crowbar circuit, and derives the stator and rotor current expressions for both the crowbar circuit and the input crowbar circuit. And then it analyzes two situations whether or not the crowbar circuit is put into have influence on the secondary voltage swell fault ride-through characteristics, and obtains the input condition of the crowbar circuit and the optimal input resistance of the crowbar resistance. Finally, simulation verification shows the rationality of derived stator and rotor currents expression, the input conditions and the optimal resistance of the crowbar and illustrates the correctness of the transient model, which can provide an accurate model for the analysis of the secondary catastrophic failure traversal characteristics.
引文
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[13]杨刚,潘文霞,刘明洋,等.考虑Crowbar电阻的双馈电机短路电流实用计算[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2075-2080.YANG Gang,PAN Wenxia,LIU Mingyang,et al.Practical calculation of short-circuit current of DFIG considering crowbar resistance[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2075-2080.
[14]徐玉琴,曹璐璐.双馈感应发电机暂态特性分析及Crowbar阻值优化[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):93-100.XU Yuqin,CAO Lulu.Transient characteristics analysis of doubly fed induction generator and resistance optimization of Crowbar circuit[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(4):93-100.
[15]欧阳金鑫,唐挺,郑迪,等.低电压穿越控制下双馈风电机组短路电流特性与计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):222-230.OUYANG Jinxin,TANG Ting,ZHENG Di,et al.Characteristics and calculation method of short-circuit current of doubly fed wind generator under lower voltage ride through[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):222-230.
[16]郑涛,魏占朋,迟永宁,等.考虑撬棒保护动作时间的双馈式风电机组短路电流特性[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):25-30.ZHENG Tao,WEI Zhanpeng,CHI Yongning,et al.Short-circuit current characteristic of doubly fed induction generator considering crowbar protection insertion time[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):25-30.
[17]郑涛,魏占朋,李娟,等.计及撬棒保护的双馈风电机组不对称短路电流特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(2):7-12.ZHENG Tao,WEI Zhanpeng,LI Juan,et al.Unsymmetrical short circuit current analysis of doubly fed induction generators with crowbar protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(2):7-12.
[18]LOPEZ J,SANCHIS P,ROBOAM X,et al.Dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction generator during three-phase voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):709-717.
[19]邢鲁华,陈青,吴长静,等.含双馈风电机组的电力系统短路电流实用计算方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):1121-1127.XING Luhua,CHEN Qing,WU Changjing,et al.Apractical method to calculate short-circuit current in power system connected with doubly fed induction generators[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):1121-1127.
[20]李厚涛.电网电压骤升下双馈发电机的机理分析及其控制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016.LI Houtao.Mechanism analysis and control strategy on high voltage ride through of DFIG for wind power generation[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2016.
[21]CHEN W,BLAABJERG F,ZHU N,et al.Doubly fed induction generator wind turbine systems subject to recurring symmetrical grid faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,31(2):1143-1160.
[22]熊小伏,欧阳金鑫.电网短路时双馈感应发电机转子电流的分析与计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):114-121.XIONG Xiaofu,OUYANG Jinxin.Analysis and calculation of rotor currents for doubly-fed induction generators under short circuits in power grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):114-121.
[2]SUN S,LIU F,XUE S,et al.Review on wind power development in China:current situation and improvement strategies to realize future development[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,45(5):589-599.
[3]赵宏博,姚良忠,王伟胜,等.大规模风电高压脱网分析及协调预防控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):44-48,65.ZHAO Hongbo,YAO Liangzhong,WANG Weisheng,et al.An optimal look-ahead control strategy for hybrid energy storage system based on wind power prediction[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(23):44-48,65.
[4]马伟娜,姚万业,白恺.风力发电机组高电压穿越技术研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2014,30(8):71-76.MA Weina,YAO Wanye,BAI Kai.Studies on high voltage ride through technologies in wind turbines[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2014,30(8):71-76.
[5]李少林,王伟胜,王瑞明,等.双馈风电机组高电压穿越控制策略与试验[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):76-82.LI Shaolin,WANG Weisheng,WANG Ruiming,et al.Control strategy and experiment of high voltage ride through for DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):76-82.
[6]白恺,宋鹏,徐海亮,等.双馈风电机组的高电压穿越控制策略[J].可再生能源,2016,34(1):21-29.BAI Kai,SONG Peng,XU Hailiang,et al.A high voltage ride-though control strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2016,34(1):21-29.
[7]姜惠兰,李天鹏,吴玉璋.双馈风力发电机的综合低电压穿越策略[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2062-2068.JIANG Huilan,LI Tianpeng,WU Yuzhang.Integrated strategy for low voltage ride through of doubly-fed induction generator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2062-2068.
[8]罗少杰,朱玲.电网电压骤升情况下双馈变流器控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(24):123-129.LUO Shaojie,ZHU Ling.Research on control strategy of double feed converter under grid voltage soared[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(24):123-129.
[9]王利猛,乔黎明,刘久成.应用超级电容提高风电机组故障穿越能力研究[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(24):35-39.WANG Limeng,QIAO Liming,LIU Jiucheng.Research on super capacitor for improving ability of FRT of wind turbine[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2015,52(24):35-39.
[10]刘诗涵,周羽生,许振华,等.基于超级电容蓄能的永磁同步海上风电低电压穿越研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(5):9-15.LIU Shihan,ZHOU Yusheng,XU Zhenhua,et al.Research on low-voltage ride through capability of permanent magnetic synchronous offshore wind power based on super-capacitor energy storage[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(5):9-15.
[11]唐亦敏.基于静止无功补偿器的风电场高电压穿越研究[J].电气传动,2017,47(10):54-58.TANG Yimin.Study for the high-voltage-ride-through of wind farms based on STATCOM[J].Electric Drive,2017,47(10):54-58.
[12]潘文霞,杨刚,刘明洋,等.考虑Crowbar电阻的双馈电机短路电流计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3629-3634.PAN Wenxia,YANG Gang,LIU Mingyang,et al.Calculation of short-circuit current of DFIG with the considering of Crowbar resistance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3629-3634.
[13]杨刚,潘文霞,刘明洋,等.考虑Crowbar电阻的双馈电机短路电流实用计算[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2075-2080.YANG Gang,PAN Wenxia,LIU Mingyang,et al.Practical calculation of short-circuit current of DFIG considering crowbar resistance[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2075-2080.
[14]徐玉琴,曹璐璐.双馈感应发电机暂态特性分析及Crowbar阻值优化[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):93-100.XU Yuqin,CAO Lulu.Transient characteristics analysis of doubly fed induction generator and resistance optimization of Crowbar circuit[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(4):93-100.
[15]欧阳金鑫,唐挺,郑迪,等.低电压穿越控制下双馈风电机组短路电流特性与计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):222-230.OUYANG Jinxin,TANG Ting,ZHENG Di,et al.Characteristics and calculation method of short-circuit current of doubly fed wind generator under lower voltage ride through[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):222-230.
[16]郑涛,魏占朋,迟永宁,等.考虑撬棒保护动作时间的双馈式风电机组短路电流特性[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):25-30.ZHENG Tao,WEI Zhanpeng,CHI Yongning,et al.Short-circuit current characteristic of doubly fed induction generator considering crowbar protection insertion time[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):25-30.
[17]郑涛,魏占朋,李娟,等.计及撬棒保护的双馈风电机组不对称短路电流特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(2):7-12.ZHENG Tao,WEI Zhanpeng,LI Juan,et al.Unsymmetrical short circuit current analysis of doubly fed induction generators with crowbar protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(2):7-12.
[18]LOPEZ J,SANCHIS P,ROBOAM X,et al.Dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction generator during three-phase voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):709-717.
[19]邢鲁华,陈青,吴长静,等.含双馈风电机组的电力系统短路电流实用计算方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):1121-1127.XING Luhua,CHEN Qing,WU Changjing,et al.Apractical method to calculate short-circuit current in power system connected with doubly fed induction generators[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):1121-1127.
[20]李厚涛.电网电压骤升下双馈发电机的机理分析及其控制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016.LI Houtao.Mechanism analysis and control strategy on high voltage ride through of DFIG for wind power generation[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2016.
[21]CHEN W,BLAABJERG F,ZHU N,et al.Doubly fed induction generator wind turbine systems subject to recurring symmetrical grid faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,31(2):1143-1160.
[22]熊小伏,欧阳金鑫.电网短路时双馈感应发电机转子电流的分析与计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):114-121.XIONG Xiaofu,OUYANG Jinxin.Analysis and calculation of rotor currents for doubly-fed induction generators under short circuits in power grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):114-121.