不同降温方式下晚采鸭梨PAL基因相对表达与果心褐变的关系
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摘要
为了研究缓慢降温与急速降温处理下苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonian-lyase,PAL)基因相对表达与晚采鸭梨果心褐变的关系,以晚采鸭梨为试材,测定了贮藏期间晚采鸭梨的褐变指数、质量损失率、硬度、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、PAL活力等生理指标以及PAL基因相对表达量的变化。结果表明:缓慢降温处理的鸭梨果心褐变指数明显高于急速降温果实,且褐变情况更加严重;缓慢降温果实的PAL活力和PAL基因相对表达量在贮藏60 d以后高于急速降温果实;PAL基因相对表达量与PAL活力及果心褐变指数显著相关,说明PAL基因的相对表达越强,PAL活力越高,果心褐变越严重。结论:缓慢降温处理加速了鸭梨果心的褐变,急速降温能抑制PAL基因的相对表达,降低PAL活力,保持晚采鸭梨果实的较高品质。
The changes of core browning index, mass loss rate, fruit hardness, respiration intensity, ethylene release rate,phenylalanine ammonian-lyase(PAL) activity and PAL gene expression in late-harvested ‘Yali’ pears under slow and rapid cooling conditions were determined in the present study. And the relationship of PAL gene expression with core browning was studied by qRT-PCR as well. The results showed that the browning index of pears with slow cooling was pronouncedly higher than with rapid cooling, and more significant browning was observed with slow cooling. Moreover, slow cooling showed higher PAL activity than rapid cooling as well as higher relative expression level of PAL gene from the 60 th day of storage onwards. The relative expression level of PAL gene was significantly positively correlated with PAL activity and core browning index. In conclusion, slow cooling treatment can accelerate core browning, while rapid cooling can inhibit the relative expression of PAL gene, reduce PAL activity, and maintain higher quality of late-harvested pear fruits during storage.
The changes of core browning index, mass loss rate, fruit hardness, respiration intensity, ethylene release rate,phenylalanine ammonian-lyase(PAL) activity and PAL gene expression in late-harvested ‘Yali’ pears under slow and rapid cooling conditions were determined in the present study. And the relationship of PAL gene expression with core browning was studied by qRT-PCR as well. The results showed that the browning index of pears with slow cooling was pronouncedly higher than with rapid cooling, and more significant browning was observed with slow cooling. Moreover, slow cooling showed higher PAL activity than rapid cooling as well as higher relative expression level of PAL gene from the 60 th day of storage onwards. The relative expression level of PAL gene was significantly positively correlated with PAL activity and core browning index. In conclusion, slow cooling treatment can accelerate core browning, while rapid cooling can inhibit the relative expression of PAL gene, reduce PAL activity, and maintain higher quality of late-harvested pear fruits during storage.
引文
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[10]杜小琴,李玉,秦文,等.气调贮藏对甜樱桃果实采后生理生化变化的影响[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(12):314-318.DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2015.12.058.
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[15]冯立娟,尹燕雷,杨雪梅,等.石榴果实发育期果皮褐变及相关酶活力变化[J].核农学报,2017,31(4):821-827.DOI:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.04.0821.
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[19]陈卫卫,唐然,吴昱煜,等.象草PAL基因克隆及其蛋白质结构与功能预测[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):137-145.DOI:10.11733//j.issn.1007-0435.2016.01.019.
[20]孙润泽,张雪,成果,等.葡萄苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(2):195-208.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2015.0590.
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[22]靳祯亮.麦角硫因抑制采后双孢蘑菇酶促褐变的效应与机理[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2016:54-57.
[23]闫洪波,程玉豆,何近刚,等.鸭梨PAL克隆及其在果实发育和机械伤害过程中的表达[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4341-4348.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.21.019.
[24]邓冰,梁鹏,任蕾,等.急速降温下库尔勒香梨销地适宜贮藏条件的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2014,35(18):86-90.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2014.18.023.
[25]邓冰,韩云云,韩艳文,等.库尔勒香梨缓慢降温后适宜温湿度条件的研究[J].包装工程,2016,37(7):45-50.
[26]韩云云,宋方圆,韩艳文,等.不同采收贮藏条件下鸭梨果实LOX基因表达及其与果心褐变的关系[J].食品科学,2016,37(18):216-222.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201618035.
[27]CHRISTOPOULOS M V,TSANTILI E.Participation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)in increased phenolic compounds in fresh cold stressed walnut(Juglans regia L.)kernels[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,104:17-25.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.03.003.
[28]HUSSAIN P R,WANI A M,MEENA R S,et al.Gamma irradiation induced enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and antioxidant activity in peach(Prunus persica Bausch,Cv.Elberta)[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2010,79(9):982-989.DOI:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.03.018.
[29]周晓婉,周会玲,石亚莉,等.1-MCP诱导苹果采后灰霉病抗性的作用机理[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(10):211-219.DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2016.10.032.
[30]闫洪波,葛文雅,杨坤,等.鸭梨肌动蛋白2基因克隆和表达分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(1):27-30.
[31]LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCt method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.DOI:10.1006/meth.2001.1262.
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