中国鳞翅目小蛾类昆虫寄主植物分析
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摘要
本研究基于中国鳞翅目50科小蛾类昆虫的寄主植物数据,探索小蛾类昆虫与其寄主植物之间的关系。对昆虫种数与寄主植物种数之间进行了相关性分析,采用了z分数法对原始数据进行标准化处理以及利用箱式图对数据进行异常值检测,并对检测的结果分科进行食性分析。昆虫种数与寄主植物种数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数为0.860;异常值检测结果显示蝙蝠蛾科、细蛾科、祝蛾科、织蛾科、斑蛾科、羽蛾科、卷蛾科和草螟科8科数据异常;这8科小蛾类昆虫除了织蛾科和祝蛾科以腐食性为主外都是植食性,其中植食性昆虫包括单食性的斑蛾科,寡食性的羽蛾科和细蛾科以及多食性的蝙蝠蛾科。而卷蛾科中黄卷蛾族和小卷蛾族的幼虫以多食性较为常见,花小卷蛾族幼虫则以单食性为主。草螟科中斑野螟亚科和禾螟亚科以单食性为主;草螟亚科和野螟亚科以寡食性为主。中国小蛾类昆虫与其寄主植物种数之间存在着正相关关系;研究结果为小蛾类分类研究以及农林害虫防治奠定了理论基础。
The relationship between micro moths and their host plants is investigated based on the host plant data of 50 Microlepidopteran families in China. The correlation between the number of insect species and their host plants is analyzed. The z-score is adopted to standardize the original data, and the boxplot is used to detect the abnormal value of the data with analysis of the feeding habit of the detected insect families. The results showed that the number of insect species was positively correlated with the number of host plants(P< 0.01), with correlation coefficient being 0.860. The results of the aberration test showed that data of Lecithoceridae, Oecophoridae, Hepialidae, Gracillariidae, Zygaenidae, Pterophoridae, Tortricidae and Crambidae were abnormal. Lecithoceridae and Oecophoridae are mostly saprophagous. Among the six phytophagous families, Zygaenidae is monophagous, Pterophoridae and Gracillariidae are oligophagous, and Hepialidae is euryphagous. However, the larvae of Archipini and Olethreutini in Tortricidae are mostly euryphagous, and those of Eucosmini are mostly monophagous. In Crambidae, Spilomelinae and Schoenobiinae are monophagous, and Crambinae and Pyraustinae are oligophagous. It reveals that a positive correlation between micro moths and their host plants in China exists. The results lay a theoretical foundation for the taxonomic study of micro moths as well as for the pest control in agriculture and forestry.
The relationship between micro moths and their host plants is investigated based on the host plant data of 50 Microlepidopteran families in China. The correlation between the number of insect species and their host plants is analyzed. The z-score is adopted to standardize the original data, and the boxplot is used to detect the abnormal value of the data with analysis of the feeding habit of the detected insect families. The results showed that the number of insect species was positively correlated with the number of host plants(P< 0.01), with correlation coefficient being 0.860. The results of the aberration test showed that data of Lecithoceridae, Oecophoridae, Hepialidae, Gracillariidae, Zygaenidae, Pterophoridae, Tortricidae and Crambidae were abnormal. Lecithoceridae and Oecophoridae are mostly saprophagous. Among the six phytophagous families, Zygaenidae is monophagous, Pterophoridae and Gracillariidae are oligophagous, and Hepialidae is euryphagous. However, the larvae of Archipini and Olethreutini in Tortricidae are mostly euryphagous, and those of Eucosmini are mostly monophagous. In Crambidae, Spilomelinae and Schoenobiinae are monophagous, and Crambinae and Pyraustinae are oligophagous. It reveals that a positive correlation between micro moths and their host plants in China exists. The results lay a theoretical foundation for the taxonomic study of micro moths as well as for the pest control in agriculture and forestry.
引文
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Bernays EA.The value of being a resource specialist:Behavioral support for a neural hypothesis [J].Am.Nat.,1998,151:451-464.
Dethier VG.Chemical Insect Attractants and Repellents [M].The Blakiston Company,1947:289.
Ehrlich PR,Raven PH.Butterflies and Plants:A study of coevolution[J].Evolution,1964,18:586-608
Futuyma DJ,Agrawal AA.Macroevolution and the biological diversity of plants and herbivores [J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2009,106 (43):18054-18061.
García-Robledo C,Horvitz CC.Experimental demography and the vital rates of generalist and specialist insect herbivores on native and novel host plants [J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2011,80:976-989.
Gozmány L,Lecithoceridae [J].Microlepid.Palaeart.,1978,5:1-306.
Grehan JR.Larval of Aenetus virescens (Lepidoptera:Hepialidae) in decaying wood [J].New Zealand Journal of Zoology,1979,6:583-586.
Heikkil? M,Mutanen M,Kekkonen M,et al.Morphology reinforces proposed molecular phylogenetic affinities:A revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera) [J].Cladistic,2014,30:563-589.
Li HH.Microlepidoptera of Qinling Mountains [M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.[李后魂.秦岭小蛾类 [M].北京:科学出版社,2012]
Li HH.Catalogue of the Microlepidoptera of China (Insecta:Lepidoptera),Vol.1:Micropterigoidea-Tortricoidea [M].Beijing:Science Press,2019a.(In press).
Li HH.Catalogue of the Microlepidoptera of China (Insecta:Lepidoptera),Vol.2:Alucitoidea-Pyraloidea,and Fossil Microlepidoptera [M].Beijing:Science Press,2019b.(In press).
Li HH,Wang XC.Taxonomic status of mimosa webworm Homadaula anisocentra Meyrick (Lepidoptera:Galacticidae) in China [J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2013,38 (4):825-830.[李后魂,王秀春.合欢罗蛾的分类地位(鳞翅目,罗蛾科),动物分类学报,2013,38 (4):825-830]
Lvovsky AL.Composition of the genus Odites Wesm.and its position in the classification of the Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera) [J].Ent.Obozr,1996,75 (3):650-659.
van Nieukerken EJ.et al.Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus,1758.In:Zhang ZQ,ed.Animal biodiversity:An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness [J].Zootaxa,2011,3148:212-221.
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Yang XF,Li HH.A review on symbiosis models and mechanisms of mutualisms between Epicephala and Phyllanthaceae [J].Sciencepaper Online,2017:5.[杨晓飞,李后魂.头细蛾属昆虫协同进化模式与形成机制的研究概况 [J].中国科技论文在线,2017:5]
Yuan DC,Robinson GS.Caloptilia leaf-miner moths (Gracillariidae) of south-east Asia [J].Bulletin of the British Museum Entomology,1993,62:1-37.
Zhang J,Wang SX,Li HH,et al.Diffuse coevolution between two Epicephala species (Gracillariidae) and two Breynia species (Phyllanthaceae) [J].PLoS ONE,2012,7 (7):1-9,e41657.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041657.