铭贤学校“乡村建设”模式探究
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摘要
近代山西在阎锡山主导的"权力本位"乡村建设模式之外,铭贤学校将自身发展与乡村建设相结合,探索出具有自身特色的"科学本位"乡建模式。这一模式针对近代处于快速衰败中的山西乡村,以悲天悯农情怀为鼓舞,依托学校农科专业的建立,在吸取其它乡村建设流派长处的基础上,通过社会调查的方式发现乡村问题,再辅以农业技术推广缓解乡村生存危机,同时在乡村建设中注重提升农民地位,吸引农民积极参与,逐渐形成了"科学本位"的乡建模式。这一模式某种程度上弥补了阎氏"权力本位"模式的缺陷,为近代山西乡村变革做出了有效的探索,也促进了学校自身的发展。
In modern Shanxi,apart from the " power standard" rural reconstruction pattern which led by Yan Xi-shan,Oberlin-Shansi Memorial School combined the school development with rural reconstruction,exploring its own characterized " scientific standard" pattern.According to the rapid decline in the Shanxi village,Oberlin-Shansi Memorial School relied on professional agricultural section,found rural issues by way of social survey and alleviated rural living crisis by agricultural technology extension which was based on learning from the advantages of other rural reconstruction groups,in the meanwhile,school raised the peasants' position in the rural construction and formed'scientific standard'pattern gradually.This pattern compensated the defects of'power standard'to some extent,made the effective exploration of rural revolution in modern Shanxi and contributed to the development of the school in the same time.
In modern Shanxi,apart from the " power standard" rural reconstruction pattern which led by Yan Xi-shan,Oberlin-Shansi Memorial School combined the school development with rural reconstruction,exploring its own characterized " scientific standard" pattern.According to the rapid decline in the Shanxi village,Oberlin-Shansi Memorial School relied on professional agricultural section,found rural issues by way of social survey and alleviated rural living crisis by agricultural technology extension which was based on learning from the advantages of other rural reconstruction groups,in the meanwhile,school raised the peasants' position in the rural construction and formed'scientific standard'pattern gradually.This pattern compensated the defects of'power standard'to some extent,made the effective exploration of rural revolution in modern Shanxi and contributed to the development of the school in the same time.
引文
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[3]山西省史志研究院.山西通志(第五十卷)[M].北京:中华书局,2001:50.
[4]刘振东.孔庸之先生演讲集[M].台北:文海出版社,1972:615.
[5]袁钰.制度变迁与华北农业近代化[J].文史月刊,2001(4):56.
[6]邓小峰.破解“三农”难题的四种视角[J].经济与社会发展,2008(3):46.
[7]梁漱溟.梁漱溟全集(第四册)[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1990:903.
[8]梁漱溟.乡村建设理论[M].上海:世纪出版集团、上海人民出版社,2011:404.
[9]费孝通.乡土中国生育制度乡土重建[M].北京:商务印书馆,2011:24
[10]梁庚尧.中国社会史[M].上海:东方出版中心,2016:409.
[11]王思义.我对杨家庄之观察和感想[J].铭贤校刊,1924(2):8.
[12]宋恩荣.晏阳初文集[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1989:56.