塔克拉玛干荒漠-绿洲过渡带尘卷风活动特征——以肖塘为例
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摘要
利用1992—2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带肖塘气象站的观测资料,分析了该地区尘卷风的年、月变化规律及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明:(1) 1992—2011年尘卷风发生日数总体呈波动递减趋势;尘卷风主要发生在3—9月,占全年总日数的90.9%,其中4—7月占全年总日数的70%左右。(2)尘卷风月发生日数随月平均地表与1.5 m高处温差的增大而线性增加(r=0.875,P<0.01)。(3)尘卷风月发生日数随着月平均风速的增大而幂函数增加(r=0.89,P<0.01)。(4)尘卷风月发生日数随月平均相对湿度的增大而线性减少(r=-0.869,P<0.01)。
The yearly and monthly change laws of dust devils and its relations with meteorological factors were analyzed based on observed data of Xiaotang meteorological station from 1992 to 2011 in the northern margin of the Taklimakan Desert. The results are as follows:( 1) Dust devils mainly occurred in the period from March to September,accounting for 90.9% of the total yearly days,and concentratedly occurred in the period from April to July,accounting for about 70.0% of the total yearly days,and the occurrence of dust devils followed a decreasing trend,with fluctuations from 1992 to 2011.( 2) Monthly dust devil days increased with the rise of monthly average differences between ground temperature and 1.5 m height air temperature,and there was a positive linear correlation between them,r= 0.875,P<0.01.( 3) Monthly dust devil days also increased with the rise of monthly average wind speed,and there was a power function correlation between them,r= 0.89,P<0.01.( 4) Monthly dust devildays increased with the decrease of monthly average relative humidity,and there was a negative linear correlation between them,r=-0.869,P<0.01.
The yearly and monthly change laws of dust devils and its relations with meteorological factors were analyzed based on observed data of Xiaotang meteorological station from 1992 to 2011 in the northern margin of the Taklimakan Desert. The results are as follows:( 1) Dust devils mainly occurred in the period from March to September,accounting for 90.9% of the total yearly days,and concentratedly occurred in the period from April to July,accounting for about 70.0% of the total yearly days,and the occurrence of dust devils followed a decreasing trend,with fluctuations from 1992 to 2011.( 2) Monthly dust devil days increased with the rise of monthly average differences between ground temperature and 1.5 m height air temperature,and there was a positive linear correlation between them,r= 0.875,P<0.01.( 3) Monthly dust devil days also increased with the rise of monthly average wind speed,and there was a power function correlation between them,r= 0.89,P<0.01.( 4) Monthly dust devildays increased with the decrease of monthly average relative humidity,and there was a negative linear correlation between them,r=-0.869,P<0.01.
引文
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[2]Jemmett-Smith B C,Marsham J H,Knippertz P,et al.Quantifying global dust devil occurrence from meteorological analyses[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2015,42(4):1275-1282.
[3]韩永翔,张强,董光荣,等.沙尘暴的气候环境效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(2):307-311.
[4]刘清涛,程麟生.黑风暴的沙尘形成与输送参数化及中尺度数值实验[J].气象学报,1997,59(6):726-739.
[5]牛生杰.贺兰山地区沙尘暴若干问题的观测研究[J].气象学报,2001,59(2):196-205.
[6]栾兆鹏,赵天良,韩永翔,等.干旱半干旱地区尘卷风研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(2):1-8.
[7]顾兆林,赵永志,郁永章,等.尘卷风的形成、结构和卷起沙尘过程的数值研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(6):751-760.
[8]Sinclair P C.General characteristics of dust devils[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1967,8(1):32-45.
[9]Malin M C,Edgett K S.Mars global surveyor mars orbiter camera:interplanetary cruise through primary mission[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,2001,106(E10):23429-23570.
[10]Towner M C.Characteristics of large martian dust devils using mars odyssey thermal emission imaging system visual and infrared images[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,2009,114(E2):E02010.
[11]Ryan J A,Lucich R D.Possible dust devils,v ortices on mars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans,1983,88(C15):11005-11011.
[12]Ferri F,Smith P H,Lemmon M,et al.Dust devils as observed by mars pathfinder[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,2003,108(E12):E001421.
[13]Kanak K M,Lilly D K,Snow J T.The formation of vertical vortices in the convective boundary layer[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological,2000,126(569):2789-2810.
[14]Fiedler B H,Kanak K M.Rayleigh-benard convection as a tool for studying dust devils[J].Atmospheric Science Letters,2001,2(1/2/3/4):104-113.
[15]Gu Z L,Qiu J,Zhao Y Z,et al.Analysis on dust devil containing loess dusts of different sizes[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2008,8(1):65-77.
[16]何清,杨兴华,艾力·买买提明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风蚀起沙观测研究---试验介绍与观测结果初报[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):315-322.
[17]杨兴华,李红军,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠荒漠过渡带春季风沙活动特征---以肖塘为例[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):915-920.
[18]刘冲.沙尘气溶胶起沙过程的观测、参数化及气候模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2016.
[19]Ito J,Tanaka R,Niino H,et al.Large eddy simulation of dust devils in a diurnally-evolving convective mixed layer[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2010,88(1):63-77.
[20]Balme M,Greeley R.Dust devils on earth and mars[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2006,44(3):1-22.
[21]Hess G D,Spillane K T.Characteristics of dust devils in Australia[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1990,29(6):498-507.
[22]Gu Z,Wei W,Zhao Y.An overview of surface conditions in numerical simulations of dust devils and the consequent near-surface air flow fields[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2010,10(3):272-281.
[23]Ansmann A,Tesche M,Knippertz P,et al.Vertical profiling of convective dust plumes in southern morocco during SAMUM[J].Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology,2009,61(1):340-353.