生物乳化柴油对船用柴油机性能和排放影响的试验研究
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摘要
在以餐厨废油为原料制成的生物柴油中掺混乳化剂、水、丁醇和柴油制成生物乳化柴油。在ISO 8178标准所规定的恒定转速试验(D2)模式下,分别对柴油机燃用3种不同配方的生物乳化柴油、柴油和生物柴油进行台架试验,测定其燃烧特性、动力性、经济性和排放特性。试验结果表明:满负荷时,采用生物乳化柴油时放热率略高于柴油,但缸内压力与柴油区别不大;采用生物乳化柴油时动力性比柴油略低,采用E10经济性与柴油区别不大;随着水和丁醇质量分数的增加,NO_x和碳烟排放降低更显著;不同成分适量配比的生物乳化柴油能够有效降低NO_x和碳烟排放,同时保证柴油机的动力性和经济性。
Bio-emulsified diesel oil is made from the biodiesel,made from cooking waste oil as the craw material,by blending emulsifier,water,butanol and diesel. Under the constant speed test( D2) model stipulated by ISO 8178 Standard,a bench test is carried out for diesel engine with 3 different formula of bioemulsified diesel,diesel and biodiesel to determine their characteristics of combustion,power,economy and emission. The test results show that under the full load,the heat release rate of bio-emulsified diesel oil is slightly higher than that of diesel,but the difference between cylinder pressure and diesel fuel is small; the power performance is slightly lower than that of diesel when using the bio-emulsified diesel fuel,and the economic performance of E10 is close to diesel; With the increase of the mass fraction of water and butanol,the NO_x and soot emission decrease more significantly; the bio-emulsified diesel oil with the proper proportion of different ingredients can effectively reduce the NO_x and soot emission,and at the same time ensure the power performance and economy of the diesel engine.
Bio-emulsified diesel oil is made from the biodiesel,made from cooking waste oil as the craw material,by blending emulsifier,water,butanol and diesel. Under the constant speed test( D2) model stipulated by ISO 8178 Standard,a bench test is carried out for diesel engine with 3 different formula of bioemulsified diesel,diesel and biodiesel to determine their characteristics of combustion,power,economy and emission. The test results show that under the full load,the heat release rate of bio-emulsified diesel oil is slightly higher than that of diesel,but the difference between cylinder pressure and diesel fuel is small; the power performance is slightly lower than that of diesel when using the bio-emulsified diesel fuel,and the economic performance of E10 is close to diesel; With the increase of the mass fraction of water and butanol,the NO_x and soot emission decrease more significantly; the bio-emulsified diesel oil with the proper proportion of different ingredients can effectively reduce the NO_x and soot emission,and at the same time ensure the power performance and economy of the diesel engine.
引文
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[24]张东明,平涛,闫萍,等.船用柴油机应对IMO TierⅢ排放法规的技术措施[J].柴油机,2011,33(4):29-33.ZHANG Dongming,PING Tao,YAN Ping,et al.Marine diesel engine technologies for IMO Tier III emission legislations[J].Diesel Engine,2011,33(4):29-33.
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[26]LIN S L,LEE W J,CHIA-FON F L,et al.Reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides,particulate matter,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by adding water-containing butanol into a diesel-fueled engine generator[J].Fuel,2012,93:364-372.
[2]HAGGOS F Y,ALI O M,MANAT R,et al.Effect of emulsification and blending on the oxygenation and substitution of diesel fuel for compression ignition engine[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,75:1281-1294.
[3]KIZU R,OKAMURA K,TORIBA A,et al.Antiandrogenic activities of diesel exhaust particle extracts in PC3/AR humanprostate carcinoma cells[J].Toxicol Sci,2003,76:299-309.
[4]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Health effects of particulate matter[R/OL].(2016-07-01)[2018-04-20].http://www.epa.gov/region7/air/quality/health.htm.
[5]吴哲,陈永艳,曹林.船用柴油机应对IMO TierⅢ排放法规的路线选择[J].船舶工程,2015,37(8):25-29.WU Zhe,CHEN Yongyan,CAO Lin.Technological route choice for marine diesel engine to meet IMO Tier III emission legislations[J].Ship Engineering,2015,37(8):25-29.
[6]ELSANUSI O A,ROY M M,SIDHU M S.Experimental investigation on a diesel engine fueled by diesel-biodiesel blends and their emulsions at various engine operating conditions[J].Applied Energy,2017,203:582-593.
[7]PUHAN S,NAGARAJAN G,VEDARAMAN N,et al.Mahua oil(madhuca indica oil)derivatives as a renewable fuel for diesel engine systems in India:a performance and emissions comparative study[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2007,4(1):89-104.
[8]ZHENG M,MULENGA M C,READER G T,et al.Biodiesel engine performance and emissions in low temperature combustion[J].Fuel,2008,87(6):714-722.
[9]KNOTHE G.Biodiesel and renewable diesel:a comparison[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2010,36(3):364-373.
[10]HAJJARI M,TABATABAEI M,AGHBASHLO M,et al.A review on the prospects of sustainable biodiesel production:a global scenario with an emphasis on waste-oil biodiesel utilization[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,72:445-464.
[11]陈昊.生物柴油/柴油混合燃料及生物柴油掺水微乳化燃料性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.CHEN Hao.Study on performances of biodiesel/diesel mixture and biodiesel-water micro-emulsion fuel[D].Xian Chang'an University,2008.
[12]IVANOV,V M,NEFEDOV P I.Experimental investigation on the combustion process of natural and emulsied liquid fuels[R]Washington DC:NASA Report,1962,19:35-45.
[13]WANG Yuncai,ZHANG Cangsong,WU Donggen.Recent experiental advances in combustion and micro-explosion of emulsified oil[J].Energy Research and Utilization,2002(1):7-10,48.
[14]葛阳,傅维标.乳化油滴微爆规律的研究[J].工程热物理学报,1998(6):757-761.GE Yang,FU Weibiao.Studies on the microexplosion of emulsified fuel droplet[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophyscis,1998(6):757-761.
[15]MWANGI J K.Emission reductions of nitrogen oxides,particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using microalgae biodiesel,butanol and water in diesel engine[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2015,15(3):901-914.
[16]吕林,许建华,徐万毅.柴油品质对船用柴油机颗粒与烟度排放的影响[J].内燃机工程,2010,31(4):44-48.LYU Lin,XU Jianhua,XU Wanyi.Effect of diesel oil quality on particulate and smoke emissions from marine diesel engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2010,31(4):44-48.
[17]ITHNIN A M,AHMAD M A,BAKAR M A,et al.Combustion performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fueled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from low-grade diesel fuel[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,90:375-382.
[18]ATTIA A M,KULCHITSKIY A R.Influence of the structure of water-in-fuel emulsion on diesel engine performance[J].Fuel,2014,116:703-708.
[19]FAHD M E A,YANG W,LEE P S,et al.Experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine by water emulsion diesel under varying engine load condition[J].Applied Energy,2013,102(2):1042-1049.
[20]DRYER F L.Water addition to practical combustion systems:concepts and applications[J].Symposium on Combustion,1977,16(1):279-295.
[21]王小琛,陈振斌,张坤鹏,等.重型车用柴油机燃用乳化柴油的燃烧与排放特性试验研究[J].可再生能源,2015,33(6):946-951.WANG Xiaochen,CHEN Zhenbin,ZHANG Kunpeng,et al.Experimental investigation on combustion and emissions of a heavy-duty automotive diesel engine by emulsified diesel[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2015,33(6):946-951.
[22]LIU S H,LIN Y C,HSU K H.Emissions of regulated pollutants and PAHs from waste-cooking-oil biodiesel-fuelled heavyduty diesel engine with catalyzer[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2012,12(2):218-227.
[23]RAKOPOULOS D C,RAKOPOULOS C D,HOUNTALAS D T,et al.Investigation of the performance and emissions of bus engine operating on butanol/diesel fuel blends[J].Fuel,2010,89(10):2781-2790.
[24]张东明,平涛,闫萍,等.船用柴油机应对IMO TierⅢ排放法规的技术措施[J].柴油机,2011,33(4):29-33.ZHANG Dongming,PING Tao,YAN Ping,et al.Marine diesel engine technologies for IMO Tier III emission legislations[J].Diesel Engine,2011,33(4):29-33.
[25]RAKOPOULOS D C,RAKOPOULOS C D,PAPAGIANNAKIS RG,et al.Combustion heat release analysis of ethanol or nbutanol diesel fuel blends in heavy-duty DI diesel engine[J].Fuel,2011,90(5):1855-1867.
[26]LIN S L,LEE W J,CHIA-FON F L,et al.Reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides,particulate matter,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by adding water-containing butanol into a diesel-fueled engine generator[J].Fuel,2012,93:364-372.