沪浙地区不同泌乳期母乳脂肪酸组成及分布研究
|
摘要
研究了我国沪浙地区不同泌乳期(0～1,1～3,3～6和6～12月)母乳总脂肪酸、甘油三酯sn-2位脂肪酸和磷脂脂肪酸组成及分布。结果显示,随着泌乳期的延长,母乳脂肪中的中链饱和脂肪酸(MCSFA)、C_(12:0)和C_(14:0)含量逐渐升高,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、C_(18:2n-6)(LA)和C_(18:3n-3)(ALA)含量先升高后下降,C_(20:4n-6)(ARA)和C_(22:6n-3)(DHA)含量先显著下降而后趋于稳定,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量几乎没有变化。母乳脂肪酸在甘油三酯结构中的位置分布具有独特性:MCSFA、SFA、C_(12:0)、C_(16:0)、ARA和DHA主要结合在sn-2位上,而MUFA、C_(18:1n-9)、PUFA、LA和ALA主要分布在sn-1,3位上,且这种独特的位置分布几乎不随泌乳期的变化而变化。母乳磷脂脂肪酸中的ARA和DHA含量尽管在不同泌乳期之间有所差异,但均显著高于其在母乳总脂肪酸中的含量。研究结果为我国婴儿配方乳粉的脂质母乳化特别是结构母乳化提供了重要的数据支撑。
Fatty acid composition and distribution in total lipids, triglyceride sn-2 position and phospholipids of breast milk from Shanghai and Zhejiang during different lactation periods(0～1, 1～3, 3～6 and 6～12 months) were investigated. As the lactation period prolonged, the contents of medium-chain saturated fatty acids(MCSFA), C+(12:0) and C_(14:0) in breast milk total lipids increased gradually, polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), C+(18:2 n-6)(LA) and C_(18:3 n-3)(ALA)levels increased at first and decreased subsequently, while C_(20:4 n-6)(ARA) and C_(22:6 n-3)(DHA) percentages decreased significantly at first and then tend to be stable. No significant variations were found in the contents of saturated fatty acid(SFA), C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in breast milk total lipids during the whole lactation period. The position distribution of fatty acids in breast milk triglyceride structure was unique: MCSFA, SFA, C_(12:0), C_(16:0), ARA and DHA were mainly located in the sn-2 position, while MUFA, C_(18:1 n-9), PUFA, LA and ALA were predominantly esterified in the sn-1, 3 positions. Such a unique position distribution was very stable throughout the lactation periods. Though the content of ARA and DHA in breast milk phospholipids varied between different lactation stages, they were significantly higher than those in breast milk total lipids. The results obtained in the present study were useful for the lipid simulation especially lipid structure simulation researches of infant formula.
Fatty acid composition and distribution in total lipids, triglyceride sn-2 position and phospholipids of breast milk from Shanghai and Zhejiang during different lactation periods(0～1, 1～3, 3～6 and 6～12 months) were investigated. As the lactation period prolonged, the contents of medium-chain saturated fatty acids(MCSFA), C+(12:0) and C_(14:0) in breast milk total lipids increased gradually, polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), C+(18:2 n-6)(LA) and C_(18:3 n-3)(ALA)levels increased at first and decreased subsequently, while C_(20:4 n-6)(ARA) and C_(22:6 n-3)(DHA) percentages decreased significantly at first and then tend to be stable. No significant variations were found in the contents of saturated fatty acid(SFA), C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in breast milk total lipids during the whole lactation period. The position distribution of fatty acids in breast milk triglyceride structure was unique: MCSFA, SFA, C_(12:0), C_(16:0), ARA and DHA were mainly located in the sn-2 position, while MUFA, C_(18:1 n-9), PUFA, LA and ALA were predominantly esterified in the sn-1, 3 positions. Such a unique position distribution was very stable throughout the lactation periods. Though the content of ARA and DHA in breast milk phospholipids varied between different lactation stages, they were significantly higher than those in breast milk total lipids. The results obtained in the present study were useful for the lipid simulation especially lipid structure simulation researches of infant formula.
引文
[1]BRENNA J T,VARAMINI B,JENSEN R G,et al.Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations in human breast milk worldwide[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2007,85(6):1457-1464.
[2]YUHAS R,PRAMUK K,LIEN E L.Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA[J].Lipids,2006,41(9):851-858.
[3]ANTONAKOU A,SKENDERI K P,CHIOU A,et al.Breast milk fat concentration and fatty acid pattern during the first six months in exclusively breastfeeding Greek women[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2013,52(3):963-973.
[4]YU G,DUCHEN K,BJORKSTEN B.Fatty acid composition in colostrum and mature milk from atopic and non-atopic mothers during the first 6months of lactation[J].Acta P覸diatrica,1998,87(7):729-736.
[5]STRAARUP E M,LAURITZEN L,FAERK J,et al.The stereospecific triacylglycerol structures and fatty acid profiles of human milk and infant formulas[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2006,42(3):293-299.
[6]WANG L,SHIMIZU Y,KANEKO S,et al.Comparison of the fatty acid composition of total lipids and phospholipids in breast milk from Japanese women[J].Pediatrics International,2000,42(1):14-20.
[7]LI J,FAN Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Evaluating the trans fatty acid,CLA,PUFA and erucic acid diversity in human milk from five regions in China[J].Lipids,2009,44(3):257-271.
[8]PENG Y M,ZHANG T Y,WANG Q,et a1.Fatty acid composition in breast milk and serum phospholipids of healthy term Chinese infants during first 6weeks of life[J].Acta P覸diatrica,2007,96(11):1640-1645.
[9]薛勇,赵艾,杨晓光,等.中国三城市健康乳母各阶段母乳中主要多不饱和脂肪酸的含量[J].营养学报,2014,36(3):278-281.
[10]戚秋芬,吴圣楣,张伟利.母乳中脂肪酸含量的动态变化[J].营养学报,1997,19(3):325-333.
[11]JENSEN R G.Lipids in human milk[J].Lipids,1999,34(12):1243-1271.
[12]杜芳芳,李建平,郑晓辉,等.母乳及婴幼儿配方奶粉中脂肪酸的组成及分布特点[J].食品科学,2015,36(11):245-250.
[13]MIHALYI K,GYOREI E,SZABO E,et al.Contribution of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to human milk is still low in Hungarian mothers[J].European Journal of Pediatrics,2015,174(3):393-398.
[14]SALA-VILA A,CASTELLOTE A I,RODRIGUEZ-PALMERO M,et al.Lipid composition in human breast milk from Granada(Spain):Changes during lactation[J].Nutrition,2005,21(4):467-473.
[15]KNEEBONE G M,KNEEBONE R,GIBSON R AFatty acid composition of breast milk from three racial groups from Penang,Malaysia[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1985,41(4):765-769.
[16]陈爱菊,张伟利,蒋明华,等.上海地区人乳中脂肪酸成分的研究[J].临床儿科杂志,2012,30(1):37-42.
[17]MAETIN J C,BOUGNOUX P,ANTOINE J M,et al.Triacylglycerol structure of human colostrum and mature milk[J].Lipids,1993,28(7):637-643.
[18]LOPEZ-LOPEZ A,LOPEZ-SABATER M C,CAM-POY-FOLGOSO C,et al.Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada(Spain)and in infant formulas[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,56(12):1242-1254.
[19]INNIS S M,DYER R,NELSON C M.Evidence that palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monoacylglycerol from human milk by breast-fed infants[J].Lipids,1994,29(8):541-545.
[20]JENSEN C N,BUIST R M,WILSON T.Absorption of individual fatty acids from long-chain or medium-chain triglycerides in very small infants[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1986,43(5):745-751.
[21]CHRISTENSEN M S,H?Y C E,BECKER C C,et a1.Intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic(EPA),docosabesaenoic(DHA),and decanoic acids:dependence on intramolecular triacylglycerol structure[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1995,61(1):56-61.
[22]CARNIELLI V P,VERLATO G,PEDERZINI F,et al.Intestinal absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants fed breast milk or formula[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,67(1):97-103.
[2]YUHAS R,PRAMUK K,LIEN E L.Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA[J].Lipids,2006,41(9):851-858.
[3]ANTONAKOU A,SKENDERI K P,CHIOU A,et al.Breast milk fat concentration and fatty acid pattern during the first six months in exclusively breastfeeding Greek women[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2013,52(3):963-973.
[4]YU G,DUCHEN K,BJORKSTEN B.Fatty acid composition in colostrum and mature milk from atopic and non-atopic mothers during the first 6months of lactation[J].Acta P覸diatrica,1998,87(7):729-736.
[5]STRAARUP E M,LAURITZEN L,FAERK J,et al.The stereospecific triacylglycerol structures and fatty acid profiles of human milk and infant formulas[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2006,42(3):293-299.
[6]WANG L,SHIMIZU Y,KANEKO S,et al.Comparison of the fatty acid composition of total lipids and phospholipids in breast milk from Japanese women[J].Pediatrics International,2000,42(1):14-20.
[7]LI J,FAN Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Evaluating the trans fatty acid,CLA,PUFA and erucic acid diversity in human milk from five regions in China[J].Lipids,2009,44(3):257-271.
[8]PENG Y M,ZHANG T Y,WANG Q,et a1.Fatty acid composition in breast milk and serum phospholipids of healthy term Chinese infants during first 6weeks of life[J].Acta P覸diatrica,2007,96(11):1640-1645.
[9]薛勇,赵艾,杨晓光,等.中国三城市健康乳母各阶段母乳中主要多不饱和脂肪酸的含量[J].营养学报,2014,36(3):278-281.
[10]戚秋芬,吴圣楣,张伟利.母乳中脂肪酸含量的动态变化[J].营养学报,1997,19(3):325-333.
[11]JENSEN R G.Lipids in human milk[J].Lipids,1999,34(12):1243-1271.
[12]杜芳芳,李建平,郑晓辉,等.母乳及婴幼儿配方奶粉中脂肪酸的组成及分布特点[J].食品科学,2015,36(11):245-250.
[13]MIHALYI K,GYOREI E,SZABO E,et al.Contribution of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to human milk is still low in Hungarian mothers[J].European Journal of Pediatrics,2015,174(3):393-398.
[14]SALA-VILA A,CASTELLOTE A I,RODRIGUEZ-PALMERO M,et al.Lipid composition in human breast milk from Granada(Spain):Changes during lactation[J].Nutrition,2005,21(4):467-473.
[15]KNEEBONE G M,KNEEBONE R,GIBSON R AFatty acid composition of breast milk from three racial groups from Penang,Malaysia[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1985,41(4):765-769.
[16]陈爱菊,张伟利,蒋明华,等.上海地区人乳中脂肪酸成分的研究[J].临床儿科杂志,2012,30(1):37-42.
[17]MAETIN J C,BOUGNOUX P,ANTOINE J M,et al.Triacylglycerol structure of human colostrum and mature milk[J].Lipids,1993,28(7):637-643.
[18]LOPEZ-LOPEZ A,LOPEZ-SABATER M C,CAM-POY-FOLGOSO C,et al.Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada(Spain)and in infant formulas[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,56(12):1242-1254.
[19]INNIS S M,DYER R,NELSON C M.Evidence that palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monoacylglycerol from human milk by breast-fed infants[J].Lipids,1994,29(8):541-545.
[20]JENSEN C N,BUIST R M,WILSON T.Absorption of individual fatty acids from long-chain or medium-chain triglycerides in very small infants[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1986,43(5):745-751.
[21]CHRISTENSEN M S,H?Y C E,BECKER C C,et a1.Intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic(EPA),docosabesaenoic(DHA),and decanoic acids:dependence on intramolecular triacylglycerol structure[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1995,61(1):56-61.
[22]CARNIELLI V P,VERLATO G,PEDERZINI F,et al.Intestinal absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants fed breast milk or formula[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,67(1):97-103.