浅水三角洲前缘砂体地震沉积学研究——以松南乾安地区上白垩统青三段为例
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摘要
浅水三角洲前缘砂体是松辽盆地主要勘探开发目标之一,由于该类储层砂泥岩薄互层十分发育,一直以来都是储层预测中的难点。利用覆盖全区的三维地震资料和已有钻井、测井信息,在建立研究区青三段高分辨率层序地层格架的基础之上,运用"相位调整—地震相—地层切片"的地震沉积学综合研究方法,对松辽盆地南部乾安地区上白垩统青山口组三段的砂体类型、特征及层序格架内砂体演化规律作了进一步探讨。研究表明,青三段可划分为2个三级层序,三级层序内进一步划分为12个四级层序;地震资料进行相位调整后,将地震同相轴与岩相建立相互对应关系,红色波峰代表偏砂相,黑色波谷代表偏泥相;在四级层序约束下提取典型地层切片,并识别出枝状水下分流河道、曲流状水下分流河道和末端水下分流河道3类主要砂体,各类砂体具有不同的地震相特征;SQ1三级层序早期以发育末端水下分流河道为主,晚期以发育枝状水下分流河道和曲流状水下分流河道为主。SQ2三级层序湖侵体系域早期以发育枝状水下分流河道为主,晚期以发育末端水下分流河道为主。SQ2三级层序湖退体系域以发育枝状水下分流河道和曲流状水下分流河道为主。
The shallow water delta-front sand bodies are one of the major exploration and development targets in the Songliao Basin,and the prediction of these sand bodies is difficult due to its characteristics of thin intersection of sandstone and mudstone. Integrated with the full-covered 3D seismic data,drilling and logging data,the framework of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Member 3 of Qingshankou Formation in the study area is established,and then with the integrated research method of seismic sedimentology, " phase adjustment-seismic facies-strata slice",the type and character of the sand bodies and their evolution discipline in the frame of high resolution sequence stratigraphy is discussed. The results shows that the K_2qn~3 can be divided into two 3 rd-order sequences and twelve 4 th-order sequences. The correlationship between seismic events and lithofacies has been established after the phase adjustment of seismic data,the red wave crest refers to partial sandstone lithofacies,and the black wave trough refers to partial mudstone lithofacies. From the typical strata slice extracted under the restriction of 4 th-order sequence,three main types of sand bodies have been recognized,including the branch type of subaqueous distributary channel,meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel and terminal type of subaqueous distributary channel,of which each type has own characters of unique seismic facies. In the early stage of SQ1,there were mainly terminal type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in the study area. In the late stage of SQ1,there were mainly branch type and meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies. However,in the early stage of lake transgressive system tract of the SQ2,sand bodies in the study area were mainly branch type whereas mainly terminal type in the late stage. In the lake regressive system tract of the SQ2,there were mainly branch type and meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in the study area.
The shallow water delta-front sand bodies are one of the major exploration and development targets in the Songliao Basin,and the prediction of these sand bodies is difficult due to its characteristics of thin intersection of sandstone and mudstone. Integrated with the full-covered 3D seismic data,drilling and logging data,the framework of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Member 3 of Qingshankou Formation in the study area is established,and then with the integrated research method of seismic sedimentology, " phase adjustment-seismic facies-strata slice",the type and character of the sand bodies and their evolution discipline in the frame of high resolution sequence stratigraphy is discussed. The results shows that the K_2qn~3 can be divided into two 3 rd-order sequences and twelve 4 th-order sequences. The correlationship between seismic events and lithofacies has been established after the phase adjustment of seismic data,the red wave crest refers to partial sandstone lithofacies,and the black wave trough refers to partial mudstone lithofacies. From the typical strata slice extracted under the restriction of 4 th-order sequence,three main types of sand bodies have been recognized,including the branch type of subaqueous distributary channel,meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel and terminal type of subaqueous distributary channel,of which each type has own characters of unique seismic facies. In the early stage of SQ1,there were mainly terminal type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in the study area. In the late stage of SQ1,there were mainly branch type and meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies. However,in the early stage of lake transgressive system tract of the SQ2,sand bodies in the study area were mainly branch type whereas mainly terminal type in the late stage. In the lake regressive system tract of the SQ2,there were mainly branch type and meandering type of subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in the study area.
引文
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[10]林承焰,张宪国,王友净,等.地震油藏地质研究及其在大港滩海地区的应用[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):140-145.[Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Wang Youjing,et al.Seismic reservoir geology research and its application in Dagang offshore area[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):140-145.]
[11]李秀鹏,曾洪流,查明.地震沉积学在识别三角洲沉积体系中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(6):625-629.[Li Xiupeng,Zeng Hongliu,Zha Ming.Mapping deltaic depositional systems using seismic sedimentology[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(6):625-629.]
[12]刘化清,倪长宽,陈启林,等.地层切片的合理性及影响因素[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1821-1829.[Liu Huaqing,Ni Changkuan,Chen Qilin,et al.Rationality and influencing factors of strata slicing[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1821-1829.]
[13]张晶,李双文,袁淑琴,等.地震沉积学在识别重力流沉积体系中的应用[J].沉积学报,2015,33(3):578-586.[Zhang Jing,Li Shuangwen,Yuan Shuqin,et al.Mapping gravity flow depositional systems using seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(3):578-586.]
[14]刘建平,鲜本忠,王璐,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷始新世三角洲供给型重力流地震沉积学研究[J].古地理学报,2016,18(6):961-975.[Liu Jianping,Xian Benzhong,Wang Lu,et al.Seismic sedimentology of delta-fed turbidites of the Eocene in Dongying sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(6):961-975.]
[15]姚健,杜晓峰,郑敬贵,等.辽东湾地区浊积扇体识别及储层地震描述方法研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(6):718-721.[Yao Jian,Du Xiaofeng,Zheng Jinggui,et al.Study on turbidity sand body identification and seismic reservoir description method in Liaodong Bay area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(6):718-721.]
[16]朱超,刘占国,宫清顺,等.地震沉积学在浊积砂体识别中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(4):58-62.[Zhu Chao,Liu Zhanguo,Gong Qingshun,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology in identification of turbidite sand body[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(4):58-62.]
[17]栗宝鹃,董春梅,林承焰,等.不同期次浊积扇体地震沉积学研究:以车西洼陷缓坡带车40-44块沙三上亚段为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):65-79.[Li Baojuan,Dong Chunmei,Lin Chengyan,et al.Seismic sedimentology research on turbidite fan body of different stages:In case of the gentle slope belt of Chexi depression’s Che40-44 area of upper submember of Es3[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):65-79.]
[18]柳琼瑶,吴朝东,胡天跃,等.松辽盆地茂兴地区滑塌扇地震属性识别与沉积学分析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(3):487-496.[Liu Qiongyao,Wu Chaodong,Hu Tianyue,et al.Seismic attribute recognition and sedimentology analyses of slump fan in Maoxing region,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2014,50(3):487-496.]
[19]杨飞,章学刚,张林科.深水沉积体系内部结构的地震沉积学研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):292-295.[Yang Fei,Zhang Xuegang,Zhang Linke.Study on deep-water sedimentary system internal structure by seismic sedimentology[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2012,51(3):292-295.]
[20]马本俊,吴时国,米立军,等.三维地震解释技术在南海北部陆缘深水水道体系中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(4):163-171.[Ma Benjun,Wu Shiguo,Mi Lijun,et al.Application of 3D seismic interpretation to the deepwater channel system on the northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(4):163-171.]
[21]赵东娜,朱筱敏,董艳蕾,等.地震沉积学在湖盆缓坡滩坝砂体预测中的应用:以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):55-61.[Zhao Dongna,Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology to prediction of beach and bar sandbodies in gentle slope of lacustrine basin:A case study of the lower Cretaceous in Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):55-61.]
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