牛心左心室的形态学观测及其临床意义
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摘要
目的观测豫北地区黄牛心脏左心室的解剖学结构,比较与人心左心室的异同,重点分析假腱索的临床意义。方法 10%甲醛溶液固定新鲜黄牛心脏28例,解剖后观测左心室主要结构。结果黄牛心脏左心室呈锥体形,其室壁厚度为(24.51±4.29)mm,与其他哺乳动物相似,分为左心室流入道及流出道,流入道主要结构及参数分别为:二尖瓣环周径为(145.24±20.80)mm,二尖瓣前尖、后尖宽度及高度分别为(56.68±11.65)mm、(30.48±5.96)mm和(93.48±14.86)mm、(25.59±5.33)mm,前尖、后尖层数为(6.16±0.93)层、(6.52±1.12)层;前乳头肌为1群的有19例(67.86%),2群的有9例(32.14%),后乳头肌为1群的有11例(39.29%),2群的有17例(60.71%);左心室流出道主要结构及参数为:主动脉瓣环周径平均为(99.61±21.13)mm,左瓣高度、右瓣高度、后瓣高度分别为(32.58±6.90)mm、(33.12±3.74)mm和(35.32±5.46)mm,其宽度分别为(12.35±1.05)mm、(12.00±0.98)mm和(13.45±3.00)mm;前乳头肌腱索至外侧连合、前尖、后尖的条数依次为(1.48±0.85)条、(4.84±1.70)条、(3.35±1.36)条;后乳头肌腱索至后内侧连合、前尖、后尖的条数分别为(1.71±0.78)条、(5.23±1.41)条、(3.55±1.41)条;假腱索分布于乳头肌与室壁或室壁与室壁之间,出现率为100%,平均条数为(22.90±8.71)条。结论黄牛心脏左心室结构在二尖瓣复合体结构与人有一定相似性,假腱索出现率为高,是研究假腱索的良好模型。
Objective To observe and measure the morphology of left ventricle in cattle in Yubei area,to compare with human left ventricular heart,focus on the analysis of the clinical significance of false tendons.Methods Twenty-eight hearts of bovine heart were fixed with formaldehyde solution(10%),then the structure of left ventricles were observed and measured after operation.Results The left ventricle of bovine heart was a cone and the average thickness of its wall was(24.51±4.29)mm.It was divided into inflowing tract and outflowing tract of left ventricle as other mammal animals.The main structures and the average parameters of the inflowing tract were as follows:the average length of mortal ring was(145.24±20.80)mm,the breadths and heights of inside and outside valves were(56.68±11.65)mm,(30.48±5.96)mm and(93.48±14.86)mm,(25.59±5.33)mm,respectively.The average layers of the inside and outside valves were(6.16±0.93)and(6.52±1.12)respectively.The papillary muscle was composed of groups.The number of one group was 19(67.86%)and two groups was 9(32.14%)in anterior,and the number of one group was 11(39.29%)and two groups was 17(60.71%)in posterior.The main structures and the average parameters of the outflowing tract were as follows:the average length of aortic orifice was(99.61±21.13)mm,the breadths and heights of left,right and back aortic valves were(32.58±6.90)mm,(33.12±3.74)mm,(35.32±5.46)mm,and(12.35±1.05)mm,(12.00±0.98)mm,(13.45±3.00)mm respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from anterior papillary muscles to lateral,anterior cusp,posterior cusp were(1.48±0.85),(4.84±1.70)and(3.35±1.36)respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form posterior papillary muscles to posteriomedialis,anterior cusp and septal cusp were(1.71±0.78),(5.23±1.41),(3.55±1.41),respectively.False tendons existed between papillary muscles and the wall of right ventricle or between the walls of right ventricle commonly and the frequency of false tendons was 100%,and the average number of false tendons was(22.90±8.71).Conclusions Cattle left ventricle structure has certain similarities in the mitral complex structure and human.False tendon is a good model to study the false tendon with a high incidence.
Objective To observe and measure the morphology of left ventricle in cattle in Yubei area,to compare with human left ventricular heart,focus on the analysis of the clinical significance of false tendons.Methods Twenty-eight hearts of bovine heart were fixed with formaldehyde solution(10%),then the structure of left ventricles were observed and measured after operation.Results The left ventricle of bovine heart was a cone and the average thickness of its wall was(24.51±4.29)mm.It was divided into inflowing tract and outflowing tract of left ventricle as other mammal animals.The main structures and the average parameters of the inflowing tract were as follows:the average length of mortal ring was(145.24±20.80)mm,the breadths and heights of inside and outside valves were(56.68±11.65)mm,(30.48±5.96)mm and(93.48±14.86)mm,(25.59±5.33)mm,respectively.The average layers of the inside and outside valves were(6.16±0.93)and(6.52±1.12)respectively.The papillary muscle was composed of groups.The number of one group was 19(67.86%)and two groups was 9(32.14%)in anterior,and the number of one group was 11(39.29%)and two groups was 17(60.71%)in posterior.The main structures and the average parameters of the outflowing tract were as follows:the average length of aortic orifice was(99.61±21.13)mm,the breadths and heights of left,right and back aortic valves were(32.58±6.90)mm,(33.12±3.74)mm,(35.32±5.46)mm,and(12.35±1.05)mm,(12.00±0.98)mm,(13.45±3.00)mm respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from anterior papillary muscles to lateral,anterior cusp,posterior cusp were(1.48±0.85),(4.84±1.70)and(3.35±1.36)respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form posterior papillary muscles to posteriomedialis,anterior cusp and septal cusp were(1.71±0.78),(5.23±1.41),(3.55±1.41),respectively.False tendons existed between papillary muscles and the wall of right ventricle or between the walls of right ventricle commonly and the frequency of false tendons was 100%,and the average number of false tendons was(22.90±8.71).Conclusions Cattle left ventricle structure has certain similarities in the mitral complex structure and human.False tendon is a good model to study the false tendon with a high incidence.
引文
[1]张锦怡.左心室假腱索的超声诊断分析及临床意义[J].中外医疗,2010,31(2):16-18
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[6]程霄,申彪,张姣,等.家犬心脏左心室的形态学观测[J].新乡医学院学报,2010,27(2):117-119
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[8]刘振华.200例左心室假腱索心功能分析[J].海南医学,2005,16(12):95-96
[9]Noriaki Ono,Takeshi Yamaguchi,Hajime Ishikawa,et al.Morphological varieties of the Purkinje fiber network in mammalian hearts,as revealed by light and electron microscopy[J].Arch Histol Cytol,2009,72:139-149
[10]申彪,付明森,郭志坤,等.山羊心脏二尖瓣复合体的应用解剖学研究[J].解剖科学进展,2005,11(2):164-166
[2]何大军,叶倩,杨欣宇.左室假腱索与心脏杂音心律失常关系的探讨[J].西南军医,2010,12(5):902
[3]张爱梅,申彪,吴满洋,等.牛心右心室主要结构解剖学观测[J].新乡医学院学报,2011,28(3):291-293
[4]中国解剖学会体质调查委员会.中国人解剖学数值[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:242-243
[5]于春鹏.二尖瓣正常形态的解剖学观测[J].医学信息,2011,24(2):40
[6]程霄,申彪,张姣,等.家犬心脏左心室的形态学观测[J].新乡医学院学报,2010,27(2):117-119
[7]郭志坤.现代心脏组织学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:280-290
[8]刘振华.200例左心室假腱索心功能分析[J].海南医学,2005,16(12):95-96
[9]Noriaki Ono,Takeshi Yamaguchi,Hajime Ishikawa,et al.Morphological varieties of the Purkinje fiber network in mammalian hearts,as revealed by light and electron microscopy[J].Arch Histol Cytol,2009,72:139-149
[10]申彪,付明森,郭志坤,等.山羊心脏二尖瓣复合体的应用解剖学研究[J].解剖科学进展,2005,11(2):164-166