汽车废尾气净化催化剂一次水溶液氯化浸出渣的再浸出
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摘要
汽车废尾气净化催化剂一次水溶液氯化浸出渣中铂族金属残留高达100~150 g/t,研究渣中残留过高的原因及二次浸出的工艺参数有较强的实际意义.采用正交实验法,开展了浸出渣的二次氯化浸出研究,考察了硫酸浓度、盐酸浓度、氯酸钠用量及温度对Pt、Pd、Rh浸出率的影响.得到了优化的浸出条件,即氯化浸出温度为70℃,硫酸浓度为5 mol/L、盐酸浓度为5.5 mol/L及氯酸钠用量为一次浸出渣量的35%.在此工艺参数条件下对汽车废催化剂进行二次氯化浸出时,铂、钯、铑的浸出率分别达到63.88%、16.92%和15.00%.一次浸出渣的再浸出表明:汽车尾气净化催化剂在催化净化过程及报废后的氯化浸出过程中,有较大比例的贵金属被氧化成难溶的金属氧化物,这是导致一次浸出渣中铂、钯、铑残留过高的重要原因.
Platinum group metals in leach slag of spent auto-catalyst by aqueous chlorination residues up to100-150 g/t,so it is of great practical significance to study the cause of excessive residue in the slag and the process parameters of secondary leaching.The secondary chlorination leaching study of the leaching slag was carried out through orthogonal experiment,and the effects of sulfuric acid concentration,hydrochloric acid concentration,sodium chlorate dosage and temperature on the leaching rate of Pt,Pd and Rh were investigated.The optimized leaching conditions were obtained,that is,the chlorination leaching temperature was 70 ℃,the sulfuric acid concentration was 5 mol/L,the hydrochloric acid concentration was 5.5 mol/L,the amount of sodium chlorate was 35% of the amount of leaching slag.Under the conditions of the process parameters,the leaching rates of platinum,palladium and rhodium were 63.88%,16.92% and 15.00%,respectively.The re-leaching of the primary leach residue indicates: a large proportion of precious metals are oxidized into insoluble metal oxides during catalytic purification process and the process of chlorination leaching of automobile exhaust purification catalyst,which is important reason for the excessive residue of platinum,palladium and rhodium in the primary leaching slag.
Platinum group metals in leach slag of spent auto-catalyst by aqueous chlorination residues up to100-150 g/t,so it is of great practical significance to study the cause of excessive residue in the slag and the process parameters of secondary leaching.The secondary chlorination leaching study of the leaching slag was carried out through orthogonal experiment,and the effects of sulfuric acid concentration,hydrochloric acid concentration,sodium chlorate dosage and temperature on the leaching rate of Pt,Pd and Rh were investigated.The optimized leaching conditions were obtained,that is,the chlorination leaching temperature was 70 ℃,the sulfuric acid concentration was 5 mol/L,the hydrochloric acid concentration was 5.5 mol/L,the amount of sodium chlorate was 35% of the amount of leaching slag.Under the conditions of the process parameters,the leaching rates of platinum,palladium and rhodium were 63.88%,16.92% and 15.00%,respectively.The re-leaching of the primary leach residue indicates: a large proportion of precious metals are oxidized into insoluble metal oxides during catalytic purification process and the process of chlorination leaching of automobile exhaust purification catalyst,which is important reason for the excessive residue of platinum,palladium and rhodium in the primary leaching slag.
引文
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[3]吴国元,戴永年.失效贵金属催化剂中贵金属的富集[J].稀有金属,2005,26(3):231-234.WU G Y,DAI Y N. Concentration of precious metals in wasted catalyst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2005,26(3):231-234.
[4]陈安然,张泽彪,王仕兴.微波焙烧回收汽车尾气废催化剂湿法浸出渣中铑[J].稀有金属,2012,36(6):979-984.CHEN A R,ZHANG Z B,WANG S X.Recovery Rh from leached residue of spent automobile catalysts by microwave roasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2012,36(6):979-984.
[5]吴晓峰,汪云华,童伟锋,等.湿-火联合法从汽车失效催化剂中提取铂金属新工艺研究[J].贵金属,2010,31(4):24-31.WU X F,WANG Y H,TONG W F,et al.A novel extraction process of PGM from spent automobile catalyt converters by wet-fire metallurgical technique combined method[J].Precious Metals,2010,31(4):24-31.
[6]游刚,方卫,李青.失效汽车催化剂中铂钯铑富集方法探讨[J].冶金分析,2016,36(5):7-11.YOU G,FANG W,LI Q.Study on enrichment method of platinum,palladium[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(5):7-11.
[7] MORCALI M H,AKMAN S,YUCEL O.Determination of the optimum Ni S fire assay parameters for Pt,Pd and Rh in automotive exhaust catalytic converters[J]. Chemical Engineering Communications,2015,202(9):1 145-1 154.
[8] ABERASTURI D J D,PINEDO R,LARRAMENDI I R D,et al.Recovery by hydrometallurgical extraction of the platinum-group metals from car catalytic converters[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24(6):505-513.
[9]安峰,叶学海.金属载体失效汽车尾气催化剂铂族金属回收工艺研究[J].无机盐工业,2015 47(5):58-60.AN F,YE X H. Research on recycling platinum group metals from waste metal-based automobile catalyst[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2015,47(5):58-60.
[10]胡定益,余建民,游刚.汽车失效催化剂中铑的浸出动力学研究[J].稀有金属,2016,40(2):143-148.HU D Y,YU J M,YOU G.Leaching kinetics of rhodium from spent automotive catalyst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016 40(2):143-148.
[11]闫丽,王海北,曲志平.苏打烧结-酸浸法富集回收铂族金属[J].中国资源综合利用,2011,29(1):27-29.YAN L,WANG H B,QU Z P. Soda sinter-ieach process to recover platinum group metals[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2011,29(1):27-29.
[12]谭庆麟,阙振寰.铂族金属(性质、冶金、材料、应用)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1990.TAN Q L,QUE Z H.Platinum group metals(Characteristics,metallurgy,materials,applications)[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1990.