聚电解质型正渗透汲取液
|
摘要
聚电解质作为正渗透汲取液具有渗透压高、溶质反向渗透、易于回收等特点,符合理想正渗透汲取液的要求。此外,多种分离方法诸如纳滤、超滤和热处理可用于其回收,使得聚电解质型汲取液成为诸如氯化钠等的传统无机汲取液的理想代替物。近年来关于聚电解质型汲取液的研究日益增加,而聚电解质型汲取液较无机型汲取液有许多独特的性质,应对相关研究进展予以总结。本文以聚电解质的化学结构分类对其研究进展进行了概述。重点总结了不同种类聚电解质的分子量、渗透压、黏度等性质,以及正渗透过程的水通量及溶质反向渗透情况,同时还介绍了相应的正渗透机理。最后,探讨和总结了各类汲取液的特点,并展望了未来的研究方向。
Polyelectrolyte-based draw solution(PBDS) exhibit high osmotic pressure, and low reverse solute leakage, which are highly demanded in forward osmosis process. Additionally, various separation methods such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and thermal treatment can be utilized for its recycle, rendering PBDS an ideal substitute for the traditional inorganic draw solution such as sodium chloride. In the past two decades, research works concerning PBDS have been intensively reported. Because PBDS has distinctive properties in comparison with inorganic draw solution, thus, it is necessary to review these developments in PBDS and present an outline. This paper aims to review the recent developments in PBDS in consideration of their chemical structures, which are categorized into carboxylate type, sulfonate type, amine type and amide type. In the beginning, the general considerations for an ideal PBDS are introduced. Subsequently, the molecular weight of the polyelectrolytes, the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the draw solutions, the water flux and reverse solute leakage in forward osmosis process are introduced in detail. The corresponding mechanisms of forward osmosis are also described. Finally, the characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of the PBDS are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges are discussed.
Polyelectrolyte-based draw solution(PBDS) exhibit high osmotic pressure, and low reverse solute leakage, which are highly demanded in forward osmosis process. Additionally, various separation methods such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and thermal treatment can be utilized for its recycle, rendering PBDS an ideal substitute for the traditional inorganic draw solution such as sodium chloride. In the past two decades, research works concerning PBDS have been intensively reported. Because PBDS has distinctive properties in comparison with inorganic draw solution, thus, it is necessary to review these developments in PBDS and present an outline. This paper aims to review the recent developments in PBDS in consideration of their chemical structures, which are categorized into carboxylate type, sulfonate type, amine type and amide type. In the beginning, the general considerations for an ideal PBDS are introduced. Subsequently, the molecular weight of the polyelectrolytes, the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the draw solutions, the water flux and reverse solute leakage in forward osmosis process are introduced in detail. The corresponding mechanisms of forward osmosis are also described. Finally, the characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of the PBDS are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges are discussed.
引文
[1] Cath T,Childress A,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2006,281:70.
[2] Zhao S,Zou L,Tang C Y,Mulcahy D.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,396:1.
[3] Mi B,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2008,320:292.
[4] Shaffer D L,Werber J R,Jaramillo H,Lin S,Elimelech M.Desalination,2015,356:271.
[5] Xu W,Ge Q.Rev.Chem.Eng.,2018,0:1.
[6] Johnson D J,Suwaileh W A,Mohammed A W,Hilal N.Desalination,2018,434:100.
[7] 唐媛媛(Tang Y Y),徐佳(Xu J),陈幸(Chen X),高从堦(Gao C J).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2015,27(7):818.
[8] Holloway R W,Childress A E,Dennett K E,Cath T Y.Water Res.,2007,41:4005.
[9] Achilli A,Cath T Y,Childress A E.J.Membr.Sci.,2010,364:233.
[10] Hau N T,Chen S S,Nguyen N C,Huang K Z,Ngo H H,Guo W.J.Membr.Sci.,2014,455:305.
[11] Yen S K,Mehnas Haja N F,Su M,Wang K Y,Chung T S.J.Membr.Sci.,2010,364:242.
[12] McCutcheon J R,McGinnis R L,Elimelech M.Desalination,2005,174:1.
[13] 高婷婷(Gao T T),解利昕(Xie L X),徐世昌(Xue S C),冯丽媛(Feng L Y),杜亚威(Du Y W),周晓凯(Zhou X K).化工进展(Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress),2017,36(6):2051.
[14] Li D,Zhang X,Yao J,Simon G P,Wang H.Chem.Commun.(Camb),2011,47:1710.
[15] Li D,Wang H.J.Mater.Chem.A.,2013,1:14049.
[16] Ling M M,Wang K Y,Chung T S.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2010,49:5869.
[17] Ge Q,Su J,Chung T S,Amy G.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2010,50:382.
[18] Ling M M,Chung T S.Desalination,2011,278:194.
[19] Cai Y,Hu X M.Desalination,2016,391:16.
[20] Klaysom C,Cath T Y,Depuydt T,Vankelecom I F.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42:6959.
[21] Zhao S,Zou L.J.Membr.Sci.,2011,379:459.
[22] Sweeney T E,Beuchat C A.Am.J.Physiol.,1993,264:469.
[23] Kiyosawa K.Biophys.Chem.,2003,104:171.
[24] Chahine N O,Chen F H,Hung C T,Ateshian G A.Biophys.J.,2005,89:1543.
[25] Grattoni A,Canavese G,Montevecchi F M,Ferrari M.Anal.Chem.,2008,80:2617.
[26] Ge Q,Ling M,Chung T S.J.Membr.Sci.,2013,442:225.
[27] 谢朋(Xie P),张忠国(Zhang Z G),孙涛(Sun T),吴月(Wu Y),吴秋燕(Wu Q Y),李继定(Li J D),李珊(Li S).化工进展(Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress),2015,34(10):3540.
[28] Yang Q,Wang K Y,Chung T S.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2009,69:269.
[29] Klaysom C,Cath T Y,Depuydt T,Vankelecom I F J.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42:6959.
[30] Yong J S,Phillip W A,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,392/393:9.
[31] Yangali-Quintanilla V,Li Z,Valladares R,Li Q,Amy G.Desalination,2011,280:160.
[32] Tan C H,Ng H Y.Desalin.Water.Treat.,2010,13:356.
[33] Ling M M,Chung T S.Desalination,2011,278:194.
[34] Ge Q,Su J,Amy G L,Chung T S.Water Res.,2012,46:1318.
[35] Wang K Y,Teoh M M,Nugroho A,Chung T S.Chem.Eng.Sci.,2011,66:2421.
[36] McGinnis R L,McCutcheon J R,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2007,305:13.
[37] 李轻轻(Li Q Q),马伟芳(Ma W F),聂超(Nie C),严玉林(Yan Y L).环境工程(Environmental Engineering),2016,34(3):11.
[38] 李洁(Li J),王军(Wang J),白羽(Bai Y),李国亮(Li G L),侯得印(Hou D Y),栾兆坤(Luan Z K).水处理技术(Technology of Water Treatment),2014,1(1):16.
[39] Phuntsho S,Shon H K,Hong S,Lee S,Vigneswaran S.J.Membr.Sci.,2011,375:172.
[40] Peng W,Escobar I C.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2003,37:4435.
[41] Wang X L,Tsuru T,Nakao S I,Kimura S.J.Membr.Sci.,1997,135:19.
[42] Verliefde A R D,Cornelissen E R,Heijman S G J,Hoek E M V,Amy G L,Bruggen B V D,Dijk J C V.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2009,43:2400.
[43] Ge Q,Wang P,Wan C,Chung T S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2012,46:6236.
[44] Gwak G,Jung B,Han S,Hong S.Water Res.,2015,80:294.
[45] Ramachandran S,Katha A R,Kolake S M,Jung B,Han S.J.Phys.Chem.B,2013,117:13906.
[46] Vlachy V.Pure Appl.Chem.,2008,80:1253.
[47] He F,Sirkar K K,Gilron J.J.Membr.Sci.,2009,345:53.
[48] Wang C,Gao B,Zhao P,Li R,Yue Q,Shon H K.RSC Advances,2017,7:30687.
[49] Kumar R,Al-Haddad S,Al-Rughaib M,Salman M.Desalination,2016,394:148.
[50] Long Q,Huang J,Xiong S,Shen L,Wang Y.Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,2018,138:77.
[51] Zhao D,Chen S,Wang P,Zhao Q,Lu X.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2014,53:16170.
[52] Tian E L,Hu C,Qin Y,Ren Y,Wang X,Wang X,Xiao P,Yang X.Desalination,2015,360:130.
[53] Qi S,Li Y,Wang R,Tang C Y.J.Membr.Sci.,2016,498:67.
[54] Kim J,Kang H,Choi Y-S,Yu Y A,Lee J C.Desalination,2016,381:84.
[55] Kohno Y,Ohno H.Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,2012,14:5063.
[56] Lord R.Postgrad.Med.J.,1999,75:67.
[57] Hancock N T,Cath T Y.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2009,43:6769.
[58] Ju C,Kang H.RSC Advances,2017,7:56426.
[59] Huang J,Long Q,Xiong S,Shen L,Wang Y.Desalination,2017,421:40.
[60] Cui H,Zhang H,Jiang W,Yang F.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int.,2018,25:5752.
[61] 杨晶(Yang J),李玉平(Li Y P),李海波(Li H B),曹宏斌(Cao H B),张懿(Zhang Y).过程工程学报(The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering),2014,14(3):395.
[62] Chen D P,Yu C,Chang C Y,Wan Y,Frechet J M,Goddard W A,3rd,Diallo M S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2012,46:10718.
[63] Park S J,Cheedrala R K,Diallo M S,Kim C,Kim I S,Goddard W A.J.Nanopart.Res.,2012,884:1.
[64] Rao Kotte M,Hwang T,Han J I,Diallo M S.J.Membr.Sci.,2015,474:277.
[65] Hobson L J,Feast W J.Polymer,1999,40:1279.
[66] Jun B M,Nguyen T P N,Ahn S H,Kim I C,Kwon Y N.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2015,132:1.
[67] Cho M,Lee S H,Lee D,Chen D P,Kim I C,Diallo M S.J.Membr.Sci.,2016,511:278.
[68] Long Q,Wang Y.AlChE J.,2016,62:1226.
[69] Long Q,Wang Y.Energies,2015,8:12917.
[70] Long Q,Qi G,Wang Y.AlChE J.,2015,61:1309.
[71] Long Q,Shen L,Chen R,Huang J,Xiong S,Wang Y.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2016,50:12022.
[72] Laohaprapanon S,Fu Y J,Hu C C,You S J,Tsai H A,Hung W S,Lee K R,Lai J Y.Desalination,2017,421:72.
[73] Zhao P,Gao B,Xu S,Kong J,Ma D,Shon H K,Yue Q,Liu P.Chem.Eng.J.,2015,264:32.
[74] Boo C,Lee S,Elimelech M,Meng Z,Hong S.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,390/391:277.
[75] Chung T S,Li X,Ong R C,Ge Q,Wang H,Han G.Curr.Opin.Chem.Eng.,2012,1:246.
[76] Zhao P,Gao B,Yue Q,Kong J,Shon H K,Liu P,Gao Y.Chem.Eng.J.,2015,273:316.
[77] Sarp S,Lee S,Park K,Park M,Kim J H,Cho J.Desalin.Water.Treat.,2012,43:131.
[78] Kim J,Chung J S,Kang H,Yu Y A,Choi W J,Kim H J,Lee J C.Macromol.Res.,2014,22:963.
[79] Lessard D G,Ousalem M,Zhu X X.Can.J.Chem.,2001,79:1870.
[80] Razmjou A,Simon G P,Wang H.Chem.Eng.J.,2013,215/216:913.
[81] 王泠沄(Wang L Y),马兰(Ma L),栗丽(Li L),陈宗南(Chen Z N).环境科学与技术(Environmental Science & Technology),2016,39(1):143.
[82] 杨晶(Yang J),于广民(Yu G M),李玉平(Li Y P),曹宏斌(Cao H B),张懿(Zhang Y).现代化工(Modern Chemical Industry),2014,34(8):31.
[83] Ou R,Wang Y,Wang H,Xu T.Desalination,2013,318:48.
[84] Xie R,Li Y,Chu L Y.J.Membr.Sci.,2007,289:76.
[85] Wang Y,Yu H,Xie R,Zhao K,Ju X,Wang W,Liu Z,Chu L.Chin.J.Chem.Eng.,2016,24:86.
[86] Zhao D,Wang P,Zhao Q,Chen N,Lu X.Desalination,2014,348:26.
[2] Zhao S,Zou L,Tang C Y,Mulcahy D.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,396:1.
[3] Mi B,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2008,320:292.
[4] Shaffer D L,Werber J R,Jaramillo H,Lin S,Elimelech M.Desalination,2015,356:271.
[5] Xu W,Ge Q.Rev.Chem.Eng.,2018,0:1.
[6] Johnson D J,Suwaileh W A,Mohammed A W,Hilal N.Desalination,2018,434:100.
[7] 唐媛媛(Tang Y Y),徐佳(Xu J),陈幸(Chen X),高从堦(Gao C J).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2015,27(7):818.
[8] Holloway R W,Childress A E,Dennett K E,Cath T Y.Water Res.,2007,41:4005.
[9] Achilli A,Cath T Y,Childress A E.J.Membr.Sci.,2010,364:233.
[10] Hau N T,Chen S S,Nguyen N C,Huang K Z,Ngo H H,Guo W.J.Membr.Sci.,2014,455:305.
[11] Yen S K,Mehnas Haja N F,Su M,Wang K Y,Chung T S.J.Membr.Sci.,2010,364:242.
[12] McCutcheon J R,McGinnis R L,Elimelech M.Desalination,2005,174:1.
[13] 高婷婷(Gao T T),解利昕(Xie L X),徐世昌(Xue S C),冯丽媛(Feng L Y),杜亚威(Du Y W),周晓凯(Zhou X K).化工进展(Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress),2017,36(6):2051.
[14] Li D,Zhang X,Yao J,Simon G P,Wang H.Chem.Commun.(Camb),2011,47:1710.
[15] Li D,Wang H.J.Mater.Chem.A.,2013,1:14049.
[16] Ling M M,Wang K Y,Chung T S.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2010,49:5869.
[17] Ge Q,Su J,Chung T S,Amy G.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2010,50:382.
[18] Ling M M,Chung T S.Desalination,2011,278:194.
[19] Cai Y,Hu X M.Desalination,2016,391:16.
[20] Klaysom C,Cath T Y,Depuydt T,Vankelecom I F.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42:6959.
[21] Zhao S,Zou L.J.Membr.Sci.,2011,379:459.
[22] Sweeney T E,Beuchat C A.Am.J.Physiol.,1993,264:469.
[23] Kiyosawa K.Biophys.Chem.,2003,104:171.
[24] Chahine N O,Chen F H,Hung C T,Ateshian G A.Biophys.J.,2005,89:1543.
[25] Grattoni A,Canavese G,Montevecchi F M,Ferrari M.Anal.Chem.,2008,80:2617.
[26] Ge Q,Ling M,Chung T S.J.Membr.Sci.,2013,442:225.
[27] 谢朋(Xie P),张忠国(Zhang Z G),孙涛(Sun T),吴月(Wu Y),吴秋燕(Wu Q Y),李继定(Li J D),李珊(Li S).化工进展(Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress),2015,34(10):3540.
[28] Yang Q,Wang K Y,Chung T S.Sep.Purif.Technol.,2009,69:269.
[29] Klaysom C,Cath T Y,Depuydt T,Vankelecom I F J.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42:6959.
[30] Yong J S,Phillip W A,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,392/393:9.
[31] Yangali-Quintanilla V,Li Z,Valladares R,Li Q,Amy G.Desalination,2011,280:160.
[32] Tan C H,Ng H Y.Desalin.Water.Treat.,2010,13:356.
[33] Ling M M,Chung T S.Desalination,2011,278:194.
[34] Ge Q,Su J,Amy G L,Chung T S.Water Res.,2012,46:1318.
[35] Wang K Y,Teoh M M,Nugroho A,Chung T S.Chem.Eng.Sci.,2011,66:2421.
[36] McGinnis R L,McCutcheon J R,Elimelech M.J.Membr.Sci.,2007,305:13.
[37] 李轻轻(Li Q Q),马伟芳(Ma W F),聂超(Nie C),严玉林(Yan Y L).环境工程(Environmental Engineering),2016,34(3):11.
[38] 李洁(Li J),王军(Wang J),白羽(Bai Y),李国亮(Li G L),侯得印(Hou D Y),栾兆坤(Luan Z K).水处理技术(Technology of Water Treatment),2014,1(1):16.
[39] Phuntsho S,Shon H K,Hong S,Lee S,Vigneswaran S.J.Membr.Sci.,2011,375:172.
[40] Peng W,Escobar I C.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2003,37:4435.
[41] Wang X L,Tsuru T,Nakao S I,Kimura S.J.Membr.Sci.,1997,135:19.
[42] Verliefde A R D,Cornelissen E R,Heijman S G J,Hoek E M V,Amy G L,Bruggen B V D,Dijk J C V.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2009,43:2400.
[43] Ge Q,Wang P,Wan C,Chung T S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2012,46:6236.
[44] Gwak G,Jung B,Han S,Hong S.Water Res.,2015,80:294.
[45] Ramachandran S,Katha A R,Kolake S M,Jung B,Han S.J.Phys.Chem.B,2013,117:13906.
[46] Vlachy V.Pure Appl.Chem.,2008,80:1253.
[47] He F,Sirkar K K,Gilron J.J.Membr.Sci.,2009,345:53.
[48] Wang C,Gao B,Zhao P,Li R,Yue Q,Shon H K.RSC Advances,2017,7:30687.
[49] Kumar R,Al-Haddad S,Al-Rughaib M,Salman M.Desalination,2016,394:148.
[50] Long Q,Huang J,Xiong S,Shen L,Wang Y.Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,2018,138:77.
[51] Zhao D,Chen S,Wang P,Zhao Q,Lu X.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2014,53:16170.
[52] Tian E L,Hu C,Qin Y,Ren Y,Wang X,Wang X,Xiao P,Yang X.Desalination,2015,360:130.
[53] Qi S,Li Y,Wang R,Tang C Y.J.Membr.Sci.,2016,498:67.
[54] Kim J,Kang H,Choi Y-S,Yu Y A,Lee J C.Desalination,2016,381:84.
[55] Kohno Y,Ohno H.Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,2012,14:5063.
[56] Lord R.Postgrad.Med.J.,1999,75:67.
[57] Hancock N T,Cath T Y.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2009,43:6769.
[58] Ju C,Kang H.RSC Advances,2017,7:56426.
[59] Huang J,Long Q,Xiong S,Shen L,Wang Y.Desalination,2017,421:40.
[60] Cui H,Zhang H,Jiang W,Yang F.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int.,2018,25:5752.
[61] 杨晶(Yang J),李玉平(Li Y P),李海波(Li H B),曹宏斌(Cao H B),张懿(Zhang Y).过程工程学报(The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering),2014,14(3):395.
[62] Chen D P,Yu C,Chang C Y,Wan Y,Frechet J M,Goddard W A,3rd,Diallo M S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2012,46:10718.
[63] Park S J,Cheedrala R K,Diallo M S,Kim C,Kim I S,Goddard W A.J.Nanopart.Res.,2012,884:1.
[64] Rao Kotte M,Hwang T,Han J I,Diallo M S.J.Membr.Sci.,2015,474:277.
[65] Hobson L J,Feast W J.Polymer,1999,40:1279.
[66] Jun B M,Nguyen T P N,Ahn S H,Kim I C,Kwon Y N.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2015,132:1.
[67] Cho M,Lee S H,Lee D,Chen D P,Kim I C,Diallo M S.J.Membr.Sci.,2016,511:278.
[68] Long Q,Wang Y.AlChE J.,2016,62:1226.
[69] Long Q,Wang Y.Energies,2015,8:12917.
[70] Long Q,Qi G,Wang Y.AlChE J.,2015,61:1309.
[71] Long Q,Shen L,Chen R,Huang J,Xiong S,Wang Y.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2016,50:12022.
[72] Laohaprapanon S,Fu Y J,Hu C C,You S J,Tsai H A,Hung W S,Lee K R,Lai J Y.Desalination,2017,421:72.
[73] Zhao P,Gao B,Xu S,Kong J,Ma D,Shon H K,Yue Q,Liu P.Chem.Eng.J.,2015,264:32.
[74] Boo C,Lee S,Elimelech M,Meng Z,Hong S.J.Membr.Sci.,2012,390/391:277.
[75] Chung T S,Li X,Ong R C,Ge Q,Wang H,Han G.Curr.Opin.Chem.Eng.,2012,1:246.
[76] Zhao P,Gao B,Yue Q,Kong J,Shon H K,Liu P,Gao Y.Chem.Eng.J.,2015,273:316.
[77] Sarp S,Lee S,Park K,Park M,Kim J H,Cho J.Desalin.Water.Treat.,2012,43:131.
[78] Kim J,Chung J S,Kang H,Yu Y A,Choi W J,Kim H J,Lee J C.Macromol.Res.,2014,22:963.
[79] Lessard D G,Ousalem M,Zhu X X.Can.J.Chem.,2001,79:1870.
[80] Razmjou A,Simon G P,Wang H.Chem.Eng.J.,2013,215/216:913.
[81] 王泠沄(Wang L Y),马兰(Ma L),栗丽(Li L),陈宗南(Chen Z N).环境科学与技术(Environmental Science & Technology),2016,39(1):143.
[82] 杨晶(Yang J),于广民(Yu G M),李玉平(Li Y P),曹宏斌(Cao H B),张懿(Zhang Y).现代化工(Modern Chemical Industry),2014,34(8):31.
[83] Ou R,Wang Y,Wang H,Xu T.Desalination,2013,318:48.
[84] Xie R,Li Y,Chu L Y.J.Membr.Sci.,2007,289:76.
[85] Wang Y,Yu H,Xie R,Zhao K,Ju X,Wang W,Liu Z,Chu L.Chin.J.Chem.Eng.,2016,24:86.
[86] Zhao D,Wang P,Zhao Q,Chen N,Lu X.Desalination,2014,348:26.