呼和浩特市城区大气污染物浓度变化特征分析
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摘要
本文利用呼和浩特市8个国控监测点中CO、NO_2、SO_2、O_3、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)逐时地面观测数据资料,采用聚类分析、相关性分析等方法,综合研究呼和浩特市城区大气污染物浓度时空变化特征.结果表明,2017年呼市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和O_3的污染较为严重,超标天数分别为49 d、52 d和41 d;CO和SO_2整体污染较轻.CO、NO_2、SO_2以及PM_(2.5)浓度表现出冬高夏低变化,O_3表现出夏高冬低变化,PM_(10)则表现为春冬高而夏秋低.O_3和NO_2均呈现单峰型日变化特征,且变化趋势相反;CO、SO_2和PM_(2.5)都呈现出相似的双峰型日变化.小召和工大金川校区监测点污染整体较为严重,小召监测点主要污染物为PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),工大金川校区主要污染物为SO_2.相关性分析表明,O_3浓度与气温呈显著正相关;PM_(2.5)与湿度呈显著正相关;CO、NO_2和SO_2均与风速呈显著负相关;PM_(10)与各气象要素在不同的季节相关性不同.
Based on the data of CO, NO_2, SO_2, O_3, PM_(10) and PM_(2.5), the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric pollutant concentration was studied in the urban area of Hohhot using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the pollution of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and O_3 were much more serious in 2017, and the days of exceeding allowable limit were 49 d, 52 d and 41 d, respectively. Carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide pollution were generally light. The concentrations of CO, NO_2, SO_2 and PM_(2.5) showed lower in winter and higher in summer. O_3 corcentration showed lower in summer and higher in winter. PM_(10) showed higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer and autumn. Both O_3 and NO_2 showed the single-peak daily change characteristics, and the trend was opposite. CO, SO_2 and PM_(2.5) all showed similar bipolar daily changes. Correlation analysis showed that O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature. PM_(2.5) was significantly positive correlation with humidity. CO, NO_2 and SO_2 all showed significantly negative correlation with wind speed. PM_(10) had different correlations with various meteorological factors in different seasons.
Based on the data of CO, NO_2, SO_2, O_3, PM_(10) and PM_(2.5), the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric pollutant concentration was studied in the urban area of Hohhot using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the pollution of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and O_3 were much more serious in 2017, and the days of exceeding allowable limit were 49 d, 52 d and 41 d, respectively. Carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide pollution were generally light. The concentrations of CO, NO_2, SO_2 and PM_(2.5) showed lower in winter and higher in summer. O_3 corcentration showed lower in summer and higher in winter. PM_(10) showed higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer and autumn. Both O_3 and NO_2 showed the single-peak daily change characteristics, and the trend was opposite. CO, SO_2 and PM_(2.5) all showed similar bipolar daily changes. Correlation analysis showed that O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature. PM_(2.5) was significantly positive correlation with humidity. CO, NO_2 and SO_2 all showed significantly negative correlation with wind speed. PM_(10) had different correlations with various meteorological factors in different seasons.
引文
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[16] 周海军,杜远江,都达古拉,等.呼和浩特市冬季PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境化学,2016,35(8):1707-1714.ZHOU H J,DU Y J,DU D G L,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound to PM10 during winter in Hohhot[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(8):1707-1714(in Chinese).
[17] 张存厚,李福胜,朝鲁门,等.呼和浩特市空气质量状况及与气象因子的相关性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(2):87-93.ZHANG C H,LI F S,ZHAO L M,et all.Correlations between air quality status and meteorological factors in Hohhot City[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(2):87-93(in Chinese).
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[20] 周春艳,王桥,厉青,等.近10年长江三角洲对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1921-1930.ZHOU C Y,WANG Q,LI Q,et al.Spatio-temporal change and influencing factors of tropospheric NO2 column density of Yangtze River Delta in the decade[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1921-1930(in Chinese).
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