西汉康陵封土侵蚀和高度估算研究
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摘要
利用RUSLE土壤侵蚀模型,定量估算了2 000 a来西汉康陵的封土土壤侵蚀量。结果表明,2 000 a来帝陵土壤侵蚀约123 563.63 t,约占帝陵封土的9.65%,康陵封土总质量约1 403 753.23 t。按照西汉帝陵覆斗形封土的外观,2 000 a以来封土土壤侵蚀高度在1.22～1.59 m之间。研究结果为秦汉帝陵封土壤侵蚀研究提供了一种新的思路和方法。
Taking Western Han Dynasty Kang Mausoleum in Xianyang City Shaanxi Province as the research subject, we used RUSLE model to estimate the soil erosion of Kang Mausoleum about 2000 years in conjunction with GIS and RS. The results show that the total soil erosion of Kang Mausoleum is about 1.23×105 t, accounting for 9.65% of mausoleums. The total mass of Kang Mausoleum was about 14.03×105 t, when it was set up 2000 years ago. According to the inversion Dou appearance of West Dynasty Mausoleum, we set up the 3D model by ArcGIS. The height reduction of Kang Mausoleum for soil erosion is about from 1.22 to 1.59 m. This study can offer a new method of assessing the soil erosion of mausoleum of the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Taking Western Han Dynasty Kang Mausoleum in Xianyang City Shaanxi Province as the research subject, we used RUSLE model to estimate the soil erosion of Kang Mausoleum about 2000 years in conjunction with GIS and RS. The results show that the total soil erosion of Kang Mausoleum is about 1.23×105 t, accounting for 9.65% of mausoleums. The total mass of Kang Mausoleum was about 14.03×105 t, when it was set up 2000 years ago. According to the inversion Dou appearance of West Dynasty Mausoleum, we set up the 3D model by ArcGIS. The height reduction of Kang Mausoleum for soil erosion is about from 1.22 to 1.59 m. This study can offer a new method of assessing the soil erosion of mausoleum of the Qin and Han Dynasties.
引文
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[3]王永红,李俊,梁爽,等.基于地理国情监测的某帝陵水土流失评价分析.[J]测绘通报,2015(4):114-117
[4]程蓓.植物对汉阳陵帝陵封土遗址的影响[J].文博,2013(3):86-89
[5]赵海英,李最雄,韩文峰,等.西北干旱区土遗址的主要病害及成因[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊):2 875-2 880
[6]花长城,彭兴黔,吴仁伟,等.福建土楼夯土墙风驱雨侵蚀损伤预测研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):1 068-1 074
[7]袁仲一.秦始皇陵的考古发现与研究[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2002
[8]武丽娜.秦始皇陵封土高度问题试探[J].文博,2009(5):40-43
[9]咸阳市文物考古研究所.西汉帝陵钻探调查报告[M].北京:文物出版社,2010
[10]田义超,梁铭忠.黄土台塬区土地利用/覆被变化定量研究-以陕西省咸阳台塬区为例[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(3):563-569
[11]郑景云,郝志新,葛全胜.黄河中下游地区过去300年降水变化[J].中国科学(地球科学),2005,35(8):765-774
[12]伍育鹏,谢云.国内外降雨侵蚀力简易计算方法的比较[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):31-34
[13]符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110
[14]杨宽.中国古代陵寝制度史研究[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1985
[15]毕沅.关中胜迹图志[M].西安:三泰出版社,2004
[16]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24
[17]Wang B,Zheng F L,R?mkens J M.Comparison of Soil Erodibility Factors in USLE,RUSLE2,EPIC and Dg Models Based on a Chinese Soil Erodibility Database[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Soil&Plant Science,2012,63(1):69-79
[18]郑景云,土绍武.中国过去2000年气候变化的评估[J].地理学报,2005,60(1):21-31