塔里木河融冰期宽方位三维地震采集方案动态优化设计与精细化施工——以YML2井南三维项目为例
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摘要
在塔里木盆地塔克拉玛干沙漠中的塔里木河区域,地震野外采集作业最佳时间是当年12月至翌年1—2月的冰冻期。在2014年YML2井南宽方位三维地震勘探中,2月份融冰期提前到来,融冰期前后的塔里木河宽度、边界及潜水面高程发生大的变化。融冰期内,气候条件复杂多变,塔里木河频繁出现水进或水退,融冰和结冰时常转换,检波点和炮点被水淹的区域和数目变化很大,前期过塔里木河设计的采集方案在施工中不能正常实施,需要不断更新或调整。针对融冰期前后不断变化的水文地质条件对地震野外采集造成的诸多不良影响,采用高精度遥感信息技术,实时跟踪和掌控水文地质条件变化,探索和应用初始动态设计和滚动优化设计观测系统的思路和方法,及时偏移、恢复或增加塔里木河障碍区检波点和炮点,周密组织进行精细化地震野外作业,使实际施工参数尽力达到冰冻期的正常设计水平。应用结果表明,获得了高信噪比、高分辨率的宽方位三维地震资料,效果良好。
In the Tarim River area within the Taklimakan desert, the Tarim Basin, the ideal time for field seismic survey is the frost period dating from December to next January or February. When the wide azimuth 3D seismic survey was conducted within the Well YML2 South 3D area in 2014, the break-up period during February arrived in advance. The width, boundary and phreatic surface elevation of the Tarim River varied dramatically. During the break-up period, as the climate changed greatly, the Tarim River transgressed and regressed frequently, while breaking-up and freezing usually alternated, leading to the varying coverage and number of shot point and receiver point flooded. As a result, the seismic survey across the Tarim River could not be carried out as it was previously designed. With consideration to the fact that the changing hydrogeologic conditions during the break-up period have adverse impacts on the seismic survey, the operation scheme was updated or adjusted. The high precision remote sensing information technology was applied to trace and understand the variation of hydrogeologic conditions in real-time manner. According to the thought and method of initial dynamic design and rolling optimal design for observation system, the shot points and receiver points in the Tarim River hazard were timely migrated, resumed or increased, and fine seismic operation was organized orderly, in order to ensure the normal parameters during the frost period. The application results show that high-resolution wide azimuth 3D data with high S/N ratio were acquired.
In the Tarim River area within the Taklimakan desert, the Tarim Basin, the ideal time for field seismic survey is the frost period dating from December to next January or February. When the wide azimuth 3D seismic survey was conducted within the Well YML2 South 3D area in 2014, the break-up period during February arrived in advance. The width, boundary and phreatic surface elevation of the Tarim River varied dramatically. During the break-up period, as the climate changed greatly, the Tarim River transgressed and regressed frequently, while breaking-up and freezing usually alternated, leading to the varying coverage and number of shot point and receiver point flooded. As a result, the seismic survey across the Tarim River could not be carried out as it was previously designed. With consideration to the fact that the changing hydrogeologic conditions during the break-up period have adverse impacts on the seismic survey, the operation scheme was updated or adjusted. The high precision remote sensing information technology was applied to trace and understand the variation of hydrogeologic conditions in real-time manner. According to the thought and method of initial dynamic design and rolling optimal design for observation system, the shot points and receiver points in the Tarim River hazard were timely migrated, resumed or increased, and fine seismic operation was organized orderly, in order to ensure the normal parameters during the frost period. The application results show that high-resolution wide azimuth 3D data with high S/N ratio were acquired.
引文
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[14]索重辉,杨勤勇,吕公河,叶勇,隋俊杰.塔河地区检波器组合方式选择及效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):393-398.Suo Zhonghui,Yang Qinyong,LüGonghe,Ye Yong,Sui Junjie.Geophone array patterns for seismic acquisition in Tahe[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):393-398.
[15]晁如佑,付英露,石一青,魏燕,成云,李金莲.复杂障碍区三维地震观测系统变观设计方法及应用[J].复杂油气藏,2010,3(4):31-34.Chao Ruyou,Fu Yinglu,Shi Yiqing,Wei Yan,Chengyun,Li Jinlian.Method and application of variable 3-D geometry design in complex obstructive region[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2010,3(4):31-34.
[16]刘远志,刘胜,曹蔚蔚,张志锋,雷扬,唐祖军.城区特大型障碍物变观三维观测系统设计及应用——以德阳三维为例[J].复杂油气藏,2011,4(4):32-36.Liu Yuanzhi,Liu Sheng,Cao Weiwei,Zhang Zhifeng,Lei Yang,Tang Zujun.Design and its appplication of variable 3D seismic geometry oversize obstacle in urban area-taking Deyang 3D as an example[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2011,4(4):32-36.
[17]汪晴川,杨成,张贤松,汪明树,谭荣彪.山地三维地震采集过障碍观测系统设计的改进方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):484-486.Wang Qingchuan,Yang Cheng,Zhang Xiansong,Wang Mingshu,Tang Rongbiao.Improved method in the design of 3-D seismic geometry in large obstacle mountain area[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,32(5):484-486.
[18]张丽娟,范秋海,朱永峰,朱光有,李国会,尹峰林,等.塔北哈6区块奥陶系油藏地质与成藏特征[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):7-12.Zhang Lijuan,Fan Qiuhai,Zhu Yongfeng,Zhu Guangyou,Li Guohui,Yin Fenglin,et al.Geological and accumulations characteristics of ordovician oil reservoir in Ha 6 Block of Tabei[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):7-12.
[19]范卓颖,林承焰,任丽华,鞠传学.塔河10区奥陶系颗粒滩灰岩储层发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):6-10.Fan Zhuoying,Lin Chengyan,Ren Lihua,Ju Chuanxue.Characterization of Ordovician grain-bank limestone reservoirs in Block 10 of Tahe Oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):6-10.
[20]周新源,杨海军.塔里木油田碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探开发一体化实践与成效[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(5):1-9.Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun.Practice and effectiveness of carbonate oil-gas reservoir exploration-development integration in Tarim oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(5):1-9.
[21]李国会,袁敬一,罗浩渝,杨鹏飞,李阳.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层量化雕刻技术[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):24-29.Li Guohui,Yuan Jingyi,Luo Haoyu,Yang Pengfei,Li Yang.Quantitative description technology for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):24-29.
[2]王学军,于宝利,赵小辉,蔡希玲,李虹,方勇,等.油气勘探中“两宽一高”技术问题的探讨与应用[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):41-53.Wang Xuejun,Yu Baoli,Zhao Xiaohui,Cai Xiling,Li Hong,Fang Yong,et al.Development and application of“2W1H”technique in oil and gas exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(5):41-53.
[3]梁顺军,梁霄,杨晓,程绪太,卢波,吴育林,等.地震勘探技术发展在库车前陆盆地潜伏背斜气田群发现中的实践与意义[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):98-109.Liang Shunjun,Liang Xiao,Yang Xiao,Cheng Xutai,Lu Bo,Wu Yulin,et al.Development of seismic exploration technologies and its significance for the discovery of gas field clusters in the buried anticlines,Kuqa foreland basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(6):98-109.
[4]梁顺军,肖敏,唐怡,蔡友宏,张延充,刘定锦.二维过障碍观测系统模式及其参数设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):1-7.Liang Shunjun,Xiao Min,Tang Yi,Cai Youhong,Zhang Yanchong,Liu Dingjin.2-D seismic obstacle crossing geometry and parameters design[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(1):1-7.
[5]李明生,李雅楠,董文波.辽河青龙台地区高密度全数字三维地震采集技术及效果[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):106-112.Li Mingsheng,Li Ya’nan,Dong Wenbo.High-density digital3D seismic acquisition technology and its application results in Qinglongtai area,Liaohe Oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):106-112.
[6]李晓东,祝文亮,陈浩林,翟桐立,叶苑权,刘军,等.大型港口航运区特殊观测系统设计及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):1-5.Li Xiaodong,Zhu Wenliang,Chen Haolin,Zhai Tongli,Ye Yuanquan,Liu Jun,et al.Special geometry design and application for shipping area in large scale harbour[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):1-5.
[7]张光德,丁伟,胡立新,杜清怀,于小刚.城区三维地震观测系统设计及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):129-132.Zhang Guangde,Ding Wei,Hu Lixin,Du Qinghuai,Yu Xiaogang.Design of 3-D seismic geometry in urban area and applied effects[J].Oil geophysical prospecting,2006,41(2):129-132.
[8]陈敬国,王成河,白旭明,李海东,王金宽,武函,等.三维观测系统属性定量评价方法探讨[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(2):68-74.Chen Jingguo,Wang Chenghe,Bai Xuming,Li Haidong,Wang Jinkuan,Wu Han,et al.Quantitative evaluation method of 3D geometry attributes[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(2):68-74.
[9]杨平,高国成,侯艳,谷永兴,但光箭.针对陆上深层目标的地震资料采集技术——以塔里木盆地深层勘探为例[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):61-75.Yang Ping,Gao Guocheng,Hou Yan,Dan Guangjian.Seismic acquisition techniques for onshore deep targets:a case study of deep formations in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(1):61-75.
[10]余志和,张庆淮,邸志欣,徐锦玺,荆中书.滩海地区采集方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):471-479.Yu Zhihe,Zhang Qinghuai,Di Zhixin,Xu Jinxi,Jing Zhongshu.Study of acquisition method in marine beach area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):471-479.
[11]周滨,龚旭东,张建峰.复杂海陆过渡带地震采集难点与对策[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):59-64.Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,Zhang Jianfeng.Bottlenecks and solutions of seismic data acquisition in complex marinecontinental transitional zone[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):59-64.
[12]碗学俭,王广智,杨波,张玲,张松平,郭立杰,等.影响观测系统采集脚印的因素分析[J].中国石油勘探,2009,14(6):60-64.Wan Xuejian,Wang Guangzhi,Yang Bo,Zhang Ling,Zhang Songping,Guo Lijie,et al.Analysis on factors affecting acquisition footprint of geometry[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2009,14(6):60-64.
[13]高海燕,杨文军.精细三维地震采集技术在辽河油田的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2008,13(3):35-45.Gao Haiyan,Yang Wenjun.Application of fine 3D seismic acquisition techniques to Liaohe oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2008,13(3):35-45.
[14]索重辉,杨勤勇,吕公河,叶勇,隋俊杰.塔河地区检波器组合方式选择及效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):393-398.Suo Zhonghui,Yang Qinyong,LüGonghe,Ye Yong,Sui Junjie.Geophone array patterns for seismic acquisition in Tahe[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):393-398.
[15]晁如佑,付英露,石一青,魏燕,成云,李金莲.复杂障碍区三维地震观测系统变观设计方法及应用[J].复杂油气藏,2010,3(4):31-34.Chao Ruyou,Fu Yinglu,Shi Yiqing,Wei Yan,Chengyun,Li Jinlian.Method and application of variable 3-D geometry design in complex obstructive region[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2010,3(4):31-34.
[16]刘远志,刘胜,曹蔚蔚,张志锋,雷扬,唐祖军.城区特大型障碍物变观三维观测系统设计及应用——以德阳三维为例[J].复杂油气藏,2011,4(4):32-36.Liu Yuanzhi,Liu Sheng,Cao Weiwei,Zhang Zhifeng,Lei Yang,Tang Zujun.Design and its appplication of variable 3D seismic geometry oversize obstacle in urban area-taking Deyang 3D as an example[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2011,4(4):32-36.
[17]汪晴川,杨成,张贤松,汪明树,谭荣彪.山地三维地震采集过障碍观测系统设计的改进方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):484-486.Wang Qingchuan,Yang Cheng,Zhang Xiansong,Wang Mingshu,Tang Rongbiao.Improved method in the design of 3-D seismic geometry in large obstacle mountain area[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,32(5):484-486.
[18]张丽娟,范秋海,朱永峰,朱光有,李国会,尹峰林,等.塔北哈6区块奥陶系油藏地质与成藏特征[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):7-12.Zhang Lijuan,Fan Qiuhai,Zhu Yongfeng,Zhu Guangyou,Li Guohui,Yin Fenglin,et al.Geological and accumulations characteristics of ordovician oil reservoir in Ha 6 Block of Tabei[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):7-12.
[19]范卓颖,林承焰,任丽华,鞠传学.塔河10区奥陶系颗粒滩灰岩储层发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):6-10.Fan Zhuoying,Lin Chengyan,Ren Lihua,Ju Chuanxue.Characterization of Ordovician grain-bank limestone reservoirs in Block 10 of Tahe Oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):6-10.
[20]周新源,杨海军.塔里木油田碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探开发一体化实践与成效[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(5):1-9.Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun.Practice and effectiveness of carbonate oil-gas reservoir exploration-development integration in Tarim oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(5):1-9.
[21]李国会,袁敬一,罗浩渝,杨鹏飞,李阳.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层量化雕刻技术[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):24-29.Li Guohui,Yuan Jingyi,Luo Haoyu,Yang Pengfei,Li Yang.Quantitative description technology for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):24-29.