被动大陆边缘盆地对油气形成的控制作用——以墨西哥湾盆地为例
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摘要
被动大陆边缘盆地是现今全球发现油气田数量最多的盆地类型,也是控制油气形成最重要的盆地类型.以墨西哥湾盆地为例,分别阐述被动大陆边缘盆地对烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭和运移的控制作用.结果表明:在被动大陆盆地的发育演化过程中为油气形成提供连续稳定的时间和空间;提供烃源岩物源;提供优质的碎屑岩和碳酸盐储层;提供保存烃源岩并且形成盖层和圈闭的蒸发盐;提供烃源岩保存及盖层形成的构造等.被动大陆边缘盆地对油气形成具有良好的控制作用.
Passive continental margin basin is the most important type of basins where we have found the largest number of oil and gas fields till now and also it is the most important type of basins which controls the formation of oil and gas.Therefore,it is of great significance to study how the passive continental margin basins control the oil and gas formation.Through the study of Gulf of Mexico basin,this paper discussed it from the views of its role of controlling the hydrocarbon generation,reservoir seal,cove and migration.We know the development and evolution of passive continental margin basins provide continuous and stable time and space,hydrocarbon,quality clastic and carbonate reservoirs,evaporate and favorable structure for the formation of oil and gas.In short,passive continental margin basins have a good control on oil and gas formation.
Passive continental margin basin is the most important type of basins where we have found the largest number of oil and gas fields till now and also it is the most important type of basins which controls the formation of oil and gas.Therefore,it is of great significance to study how the passive continental margin basins control the oil and gas formation.Through the study of Gulf of Mexico basin,this paper discussed it from the views of its role of controlling the hydrocarbon generation,reservoir seal,cove and migration.We know the development and evolution of passive continental margin basins provide continuous and stable time and space,hydrocarbon,quality clastic and carbonate reservoirs,evaporate and favorable structure for the formation of oil and gas.In short,passive continental margin basins have a good control on oil and gas formation.
引文
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[20]陈国威,董刚,龚建明.从地质演化特征探讨墨西哥湾地区油气富集的基本规律[J].海洋地质动态,2009,26(3):6-13.Chen Guowei,Dong Gang,Gong Jianming.The exploration the basic law of hydrocarbon accumulation in gulf of Mexico from the geological evolution characteristics[J].Marine Geology Letters,2009,26(3):6-13.
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[23]蒋玉波,龚建明,于小刚.墨西哥湾盆地的油气成藏模式及主控因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(5):48-53.Jiang Yubo,Gong Jianming,Yu Xiaogang.Accumulation and main controlling factors of oil and gas in Mexico bay basin[J].Marine Geological Frontier,2012,28(5):48-53.
[24]龚建明,文丽,李慧君,等.墨西哥湾南部晚侏罗纪主力烃源岩的形成[J].条件海洋地质动态,2010,26(3):1-5.Gong Jianming,Wen Li,Li Huijun,et al.The formation of late Jurassic source rocks in the southern bay of Mexico[J].Dynamic Marine Geology,2010,26(3):1-5.
[25]Jackson M P A.Role of subaerial volcanic rocks and mantlep lumes in creation of south Atlantic margins:implications for salt tectonics and source rocks[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:477-498.
[26]王文广,高宁.西斜坡区萨二、三油层油气成藏机制[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(1):1-3.Wang Wenguang,Gao Ning.Oil and gas accumulation mechanism of S2+3oil layer in west slope region[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2006,30(1):1-3.
[27]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):4-7.Gao Jun,Lv Yanfang,Tian Qingfeng.Analysis of hydrocarbon migration through the fault based on the interior structure of fault zone[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):4-7.
[28]武卫峰,徐衍彬,范立民,等.断裂对沿不整合面侧向运移油气的聚集作用[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(3):11-17.Wu weifeng,Xu Yanbin,Fan Limin,et al.Research on role of faults in the accumulation of oil gas migrating laterally through unconformity surface[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2013,37(3):11-17.
[29]苏传国,姜振学,郭新峰,等.苏丹红海中部地区盐构造特征及油气勘探潜力分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(4):1-7.Su Chuanguo,Jiang Zhenxue,Guo Xinfeng,et al.Salt tectonic characteristics and analysis of hydrocarbon exploration potential in the middle area of the Sudanese Red Sea[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(4):1-7.
[2]Bally A,Snelson S.Facts and principles of world petroleum occurrence:realms of subsidence[C]//Miall A.Facts and principles of world petroleum occurrence.Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,1980,6:9-94.
[3]Kingston D,Dishroon C,Williams P.Global basin classification system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1983,67:2175-2193.
[4]郭建宇,郝洪文,李晓.南美洲被动大陆边缘盆地的油气地质特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):916-922.Guo Jianyu,Hao Hongwen,Li Xiao.Oil and gas geological features of the passive continental marginal basins of south America[J].Modern Geology,2009,23(5):916-922.
[5]刘剑平,潘校华,马君,等.西非被动大陆边缘Walvis Ridge以南纳米比亚盆地的地质特征及油气意义[J].海外勘探,2007,4:67-74.Liu Jianping,Pan Xiaohua,Ma Jun,et al.The geological characteristics and oil gas significance of west African passive continental margin Walvis Ridge in southern Namibia basin[J].The Overseas Exploration,2007,4:67-74.
[6]汪伟光,喻莲,聂明龙.南大西洋两岸被动大陆边缘盆地油气地质对比[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(2):250-255.Wang Weiguang,Yu Lian,Nie Minglong.Comparison of hydrocarbon geological characteristics of intercoastal passive continental Margin basins,south Atlantic ocean[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(2):250-255.
[7]袁庆东,李本亮,刘海涛,等.川西北地区构造演化阶段及岩相古地理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(6):42-52.Yuan Qingdong,Li Benliang,Liu Haitao,et al.The tectonics evolution and lithofacies palaeogeography in the northwest of the Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(6):42-52.
[8]刘祚冬,李江海.西非被动大陆边缘含油气盐盆地构造背景及油气地质特征分析[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(3):46-52.Liu Zuodong,Li Jianghai.Analysis of the geological characteristics of edge petroleum salt tectonic setting of basin and oil and gas west African passive continental[J].Marine Oil and Gas Geology,2009,14(3):46-52.
[9]刘祚冬,李江海.西非被动大陆边缘盆地盐构造对油气的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):196-202.Liu Zuodong,Li Jianghai.The control acation of west African passive continental margin basin of salt tectonics to over oil and gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):196-202.
[10]冯杨伟,屈红军,张功成,等.西非被动大陆边缘构造—沉积演化及其对生储盖的控制作用[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):45-51.Feng Yangwei,Qu Hongjun,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Structure of the passive continental margin of west Africa-sedimentary evolution and its controls on the source reservoir cap[J].Marine Oil and Gas Geology,2010,15(3):45-51.
[11]李燕,王星,鲍志东,等.被动大陆边缘盆地浊积水道沉积特征及模式——以西非地区某油田为例[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,9:109-113.Li Yan,Wang Xing,Bao Zhidong,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of turbidity channel in passive continental margin,basin-A case study of X oilfield in the west African region[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Technology,2010,9:109-113.
[12]孙海涛,钟大康,张思梦.非洲东西部被动大陆边缘盆地油气分布差异[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):361-567.Sun Haitao,Zhong Dakang,Zhang Simeng.Difference in hydrocarbon distribution in passive margin basins of east and west Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):361-567.
[13]温志新,王兆明,胡湘瑜,等.澳大利亚西北大陆架被动大陆边缘盆地群大气田分布与主控因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(12):41-47.Wen Zhixin,Wang Zhaoming,Hu Xiangyu,et al.Distribution and key controlling factors of giant gas fields in passive marginal basins of northwest Australia[J].Marine Geology Frontier,2011,27(12):41-47.
[14]何娟,何登发,李顺利.南大西洋被动大陆边缘盆地大油气田形成条件与分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2011,3(6):57-67.He Juan,He Dengfa,Li Shunli.The formation conditions and distribution of large oil and gas fields in south Atlantic passive continental margin basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,3(6):57-67.
[15]王力,屈红军,张功成,等.世界主要被动大陆边缘深水含油气盆地生储盖组合发育规律[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(4):22-31.Wang Li,Qu Hongjun,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.The development law of the world's major passive continental margin deepwater petroliferous basin source reservoir cap assemblage[J].Marine Oil and Gas Geology,2011,16(4):22-31.
[16]冯士.海洋科学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.Feng Shi.Introduction to marine science[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003.
[17]Watts A,Stewart J.Gravity anomalies and segmentation of the continental margin offshore west Africa[J].Earthand Planetary Science Letters,1998,156(3/4):239-252.
[18]Mann P,Gahagan L,Gordon M B.Tectonic setting of the world's giant oil and gas fields[J].AAPG,2003,78(2):15-105.
[19]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺,等.国外深水领域油气勘探新进展及我国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.Yang Chuanheng,Duxu,Pan Heshun,et al.New progress in oil and gas exploration in deepwater areas and gas exploration potential of northern continental slope in South China Sea oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):247-256.
[20]陈国威,董刚,龚建明.从地质演化特征探讨墨西哥湾地区油气富集的基本规律[J].海洋地质动态,2009,26(3):6-13.Chen Guowei,Dong Gang,Gong Jianming.The exploration the basic law of hydrocarbon accumulation in gulf of Mexico from the geological evolution characteristics[J].Marine Geology Letters,2009,26(3):6-13.
[21]李国玉,金之钧.世界含油气盆地图集(上册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:84-93.Li Guoyu,Jin Zhijun.World atlas of petroliferous basins(Volume 1)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005:84-93.
[22]孙萍,王文娟.持续沉降是墨西哥湾油气区优质烃源岩形成的重要条件[J].海洋地质动态,2010,26(3):22-27.Sun Ping,Wang Wenjuan.Continuous settlement is an important condition for the formation of good hydrocarbon source rock of the gulf of Mexico oil and gas[J].Marine Geology Letters,2010,26(3):22-27.
[23]蒋玉波,龚建明,于小刚.墨西哥湾盆地的油气成藏模式及主控因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(5):48-53.Jiang Yubo,Gong Jianming,Yu Xiaogang.Accumulation and main controlling factors of oil and gas in Mexico bay basin[J].Marine Geological Frontier,2012,28(5):48-53.
[24]龚建明,文丽,李慧君,等.墨西哥湾南部晚侏罗纪主力烃源岩的形成[J].条件海洋地质动态,2010,26(3):1-5.Gong Jianming,Wen Li,Li Huijun,et al.The formation of late Jurassic source rocks in the southern bay of Mexico[J].Dynamic Marine Geology,2010,26(3):1-5.
[25]Jackson M P A.Role of subaerial volcanic rocks and mantlep lumes in creation of south Atlantic margins:implications for salt tectonics and source rocks[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:477-498.
[26]王文广,高宁.西斜坡区萨二、三油层油气成藏机制[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(1):1-3.Wang Wenguang,Gao Ning.Oil and gas accumulation mechanism of S2+3oil layer in west slope region[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2006,30(1):1-3.
[27]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):4-7.Gao Jun,Lv Yanfang,Tian Qingfeng.Analysis of hydrocarbon migration through the fault based on the interior structure of fault zone[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):4-7.
[28]武卫峰,徐衍彬,范立民,等.断裂对沿不整合面侧向运移油气的聚集作用[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(3):11-17.Wu weifeng,Xu Yanbin,Fan Limin,et al.Research on role of faults in the accumulation of oil gas migrating laterally through unconformity surface[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2013,37(3):11-17.
[29]苏传国,姜振学,郭新峰,等.苏丹红海中部地区盐构造特征及油气勘探潜力分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(4):1-7.Su Chuanguo,Jiang Zhenxue,Guo Xinfeng,et al.Salt tectonic characteristics and analysis of hydrocarbon exploration potential in the middle area of the Sudanese Red Sea[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(4):1-7.