醋酸铅对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响
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摘要
为研究铅对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传物质的损伤所用,以青皮蚕豆vicia faba L.为试验材料,通过蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验分析0.5~30mg·L~(-1)的醋酸铅对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响,并计算污染指数。结果表明,蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率随染毒质量浓度的增加均呈上升的趋势,经30.0mg·L~(-1)醋酸铅染毒6h的细胞微核率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),污染指数大于3.5,属于重度污染;经1.0~30.0mg·L~(-1)醋酸铅溶液染毒12h的细胞微核率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),污染指数均大于3.5,属于重度污染;相同质量浓度醋酸铅溶液染毒处理6h后的细胞微核率均明显低于染毒处理12h组,但仅在质量浓度为1mg·L~(-1)时2组之间达到显著差异水平(P<0.05)。研究显示,Pb2+可以通过蚕豆根尖的吸收而毒害细胞,引起细胞DNA损伤,且损伤程度随剂量的增加和时间的延长而加重。
To determine the genetic injury on the root-tip cells of Vicia fabacaused by lead in water,a micronucleus assay was conducted.The genotoxic effect of lead acetate in the concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg·L~(-1) to 30 mg·L~(-1) were monitored and pollution indices calculated.The results showed that micronuclei in the cells increased with increasing lead concentration.When the cells were exposed to lead acetate at the concentration of 30.0 mg·L~(-1) for 6 h,the number of micronuclei in the cells were significantly higher than that in control(P<0.05).The pollution index was greater than 3.5,which was considered as a heavily polluted condition.Moreover,in the cases where the cells were treated with lead concentrations at 1.0-30.0 mg·L~(-1) for 12 h,similar results were observed at an extremely significant level(P<0.01).At a same lead concentration,the 12 htreatments affected the cells significantly greater than the 6 htreatments.However,the difference was only at a significant level(P<0.05)for 1 mg Pb·L~(-1).It seemed apparent that lead was absorbed to causegenetic injury to cells in the roots of V.faba,and the toxicity increased with dosage and time of the exposure.
To determine the genetic injury on the root-tip cells of Vicia fabacaused by lead in water,a micronucleus assay was conducted.The genotoxic effect of lead acetate in the concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg·L~(-1) to 30 mg·L~(-1) were monitored and pollution indices calculated.The results showed that micronuclei in the cells increased with increasing lead concentration.When the cells were exposed to lead acetate at the concentration of 30.0 mg·L~(-1) for 6 h,the number of micronuclei in the cells were significantly higher than that in control(P<0.05).The pollution index was greater than 3.5,which was considered as a heavily polluted condition.Moreover,in the cases where the cells were treated with lead concentrations at 1.0-30.0 mg·L~(-1) for 12 h,similar results were observed at an extremely significant level(P<0.01).At a same lead concentration,the 12 htreatments affected the cells significantly greater than the 6 htreatments.However,the difference was only at a significant level(P<0.05)for 1 mg Pb·L~(-1).It seemed apparent that lead was absorbed to causegenetic injury to cells in the roots of V.faba,and the toxicity increased with dosage and time of the exposure.
引文
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[2]BACON J R,DINEV N S.Isotopic characterisation of lead in contaminated soils from the vicinity of a non-ferrous metal smelter near Plovdiv,Bulgaria[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,134(2):247-255.
[3]张正洁,李东红,许增贵.我国铅污染现状、原因及对策[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(4):41-42.
[4]张永静.饲料中Pb含量对建鲤的毒性效应及3种非金属矿吸附剂对其毒性缓解作用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[5]姚爽.硒对铅引起鸡肠道毒性的缓解作用[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[6]毛学文,王弋博.氯化铅对豌豆根尖细胞微核和异常分裂的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(5):406-408.
[7]段昌群,王焕校.重金属对蚕豆的细胞遗传学毒理作用和对蚕豆根尖微核技术的探讨[J].植物学报,1995,37(1):14-24.
[8]刘祖洞,江绍慧.遗传学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:261-265.
[9]封少龙.应用蚕豆根尖微核技术研究混合污染物及土壤、沉积物和垃圾焚烧灰的遗传毒性[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院广州地球化学研究所,2004.
[10]孔志明.环境毒理学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2004:196-198.
[11]KANAYA N,GILL B S,GROVER I S,et al.Vicia faba chromosomal aberration assays[J].Mutat Res,1994,310:231-247.
[12]陈光荣,金波,李明,等.污染指数在微核技术监测水质污染中的应用[J].中国环境科学,1986,6(2):60-63.
[13]张义贤.重金属对大麦毒性的研究[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(2):70-76.
[14]袁玉信.微量元素在植物生活中的作用[J].生物学通报,1996,31(4):4-8.
[15]臧宇,薛开先.蚕豆根尖微核试验的应用与发展[J].癌变·畸变·突变,1999,11(3):48-50.
[16]吴丽娜,孙增荣,吕严.五种重金属的蚕豆根尖微核试验及污染评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(7):618-620.
[17]曹德菊,汤斌.铅、镉及其复合污染对蚕豆根尖细胞的诱变效应[J].激光生物学报,2004,13(4):302-305.
[18]CODD R,DILLON C,LEVINA A,et al.Studies on the genotoxicity of chromium:from the test tube to the cell[J].Coordination Chemistry Reciews,2001,216-217.