铝锂合金材料研究应用现状与展望
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摘要
铝锂合金是一类具有广阔应用前景的航空航天结构材料,已经历经90余年的发展历程.从铝锂合金的研发、生产和应用角度看,我国与国外仍存有不小差距.按成型方式铝锂合金可分为变形和铸造2大类,目前研究较多和广泛应用的是变形铝锂合金.文中从析出相、热处理、腐蚀性和焊接性等方面介绍了变形铝锂合金的研究现状.同时从发展应用以及合金开发等方面,总结了铸造铝锂合金的研究现状.结合当前国内外铝锂合金的研究现状对铝锂合金的未来发展做出了展望.
Al-Li alloys have gained attention for their use in weight and stiffness-critical structures used in aircraft, aerospace and military application. Work on Li additions to Al was reported as early as 1920 s and AlLi alloys have been developed to the 3 rd generation. China still has a gap with foreign countries in the research, development, production and application of Al-Li alloys. Al-Li alloy could be divided into wrought Al-Li alloys and cast Al-Li alloys, and wrought Al-Li alloys have been widely applied in the field of aerospace. This article describes the precipitates, corrosion, heat treatment and weldability of wrought Al-Li alloys. Meanwhile, the research status of cast aluminum-lithium alloys is summarized from the aspects of development and application and alloy development.
Al-Li alloys have gained attention for their use in weight and stiffness-critical structures used in aircraft, aerospace and military application. Work on Li additions to Al was reported as early as 1920 s and AlLi alloys have been developed to the 3 rd generation. China still has a gap with foreign countries in the research, development, production and application of Al-Li alloys. Al-Li alloy could be divided into wrought Al-Li alloys and cast Al-Li alloys, and wrought Al-Li alloys have been widely applied in the field of aerospace. This article describes the precipitates, corrosion, heat treatment and weldability of wrought Al-Li alloys. Meanwhile, the research status of cast aluminum-lithium alloys is summarized from the aspects of development and application and alloy development.
引文
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[2]STARKE JR E A.Historical development and present status of Aluminum-lithium alloys[C]//Aluminum-lithium Alloys.ButterworthHeinemann,2014:3-26.
[3]RIOJA R J.Fabrication methods to manufacture isotropic Al-Li alloys and products for space and aerospace applications[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1998,257(1):100-107.
[4]PEEL C J,EVANS B,MCDARMAID D S.Development of aluminium-lithium alloys in the UK[J].Metals and materials,1987,3(8):449-455.
[5]SUGAMATA M,BLANKENSHIP JR C P,STARKE JR E A.Predicting plane strain fracture toughness of Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1993,163(1):1-10.
[6]马云龙,李劲风,刘观日,等.重固溶-不同温度T8再时效2195铝锂合金的力学性能与显微组织演化[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):234-242.
[7]EL-ATY A A,XU Y,ZHANG S,et al.Experimental investigation of tensile properties and anisotropy of 1420,8090 and 2060 Al-Li alloys sheet undergoing different strain rates and fibre orientation:a comparative study[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,207:13-18.
[8]孙振起.航空用铝锂合金结构选择性增强工艺与裂纹抑制机理研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.
[9]尹登峰,郑子樵.铝锂合金研究开发的历史与现状[J].材料导报,2003,17(2):18-20.
[10]EL-ATY A A,XU Y,GUO X,et al.Strengthening mechanisms,deformation behavior,and anisotropic mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys:a review[J].Journal of advanced research,2018,10:49-67.
[11]ZHANG X,ZHANG L,WU G,et al.Influences of Mg content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of cast Al-2Li-2Cu-0.2 Zr alloy[J].Journal of Materials Science,2019,54(1):791-811.
[12]NOBLE B,THOMPSON G E.Precipitation characteristics of Aluminium-Lithium alloys[J].Metal Science Journal,1971,5(1):114-120.
[13]SILCOCK J M.The structural ageing characteristics of Al-Cu-Mg alloys with copper-magnesium weight ratios of 7-1 and 2.2-1[J].Journal of the Institute of Metals,1961,89(6):203-210.
[14]HUANG J C,ARDELL A J.Crystal structure and stability of T1,precipitates in aged Al-Li-Cu alloys[J].Materials Science and Technology,1987,3(3):176-188.
[15]SILCOCK J M,HEAL T J,HARDY H K.Structural ageing characteristics of binary aluminium-copper alloys[J].J.Inst.Metals,1954,82.
[16]RATCHEV P,VERLINDEN B,DE SMET P,et al.Precipitation hardening of an Al-4.2 wt%Mg-0.6 wt%Cu alloy[J].Acta materialia,1998,46(10):3523-3533.
[17]SRINIVASAN S,DESCH P B,SCHWARZ R B.Metastable phases in the Al3X(X=Ti,Zr,and Hf)intermetallic system[J].Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1991,25(11):2513-2516.
[18]KANG S,GRANT N J.Rapidly solidified P/M X2020 aluminum alloys[J].Metallurgical Transactions A,1987,18(12):2037-2046.
[19]黄兰萍,郑子樵,李世晨,等.铝锂合金的研究与应用[J].材料导报,2002,16(5):20-23.
[20]YOSHIMURA R,KONNO T J,ABE E,et al.Transmission electron microscopy study of the early stage of precipitates in aged Al-Li-Cu alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(10):2891-2903.
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[22]BODILY B,HEINIMANN M,BRAY G,et al,Advanced aluminum and aluminum-Lithium solutions for derivative and next generation aerospace Structures,SAE Technical Paper2012-01-1874,2012,https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1874.
[23]LI H,TANG Y,ZENG Z,et al.Effect of ageing time on strength and microstructures of an Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2008,498(1/2):314-320.
[24]GAYLE F W,HEUBAUM F H,PICKENS J R.Structure and properties during aging of an ultra-high strength Al-Cu-Li-AgMg alloy[J].Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1990,24(1):79-84.
[25]KIM K,ZHOU B C,WOLVERTON C.First-principles study of crystal structure and stability of T1 precipitates in Al-Li-Cu alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2018,145:337-346.
[26]WANG S C,STARINK M J.Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al-Cu-Mg-(Li)based alloys[J].Metallurgical Reviews,2005,50(4):193-215.
[27]DWYER C,WEYLAND M,CHANG L Y,et al.Combined electron beam imaging and ab initio modeling of T 1 precipitates in Al-LiCu alloys[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,98(20):201909.https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3590171.
[28]RODGERS B I,PRANGNELL P B.Quantification of the influence of increased pre-stretching on microstructure-strength relationships in the Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2195[J].Acta Materialia,2016,108:55-67.
[29]HUANG B P,ZHENG Z Q.Independent and combined roles of trace Mg and Ag additions in properties precipitation process and precipitation kinetics of Al-Cu-Li-(Mg)-(Ag)-Zr-Ti alloys[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(12):4381-4393.
[30]TOSTEN M H,VASUDEVAN A K,HOWELL P R.The aging characteristics of an AI-2 Pct Li-3 Pct Cu-0.12 Pct Zr alloy at190°C[J].Metallurgical transactions A,1988,19(1):51-66.
[31]GREGSON P J,FLOWER H M.Microstructural control of toughness in aluminium-lithium alloys[J].Acta metallurgica,1985,33(3):527-537.
[32]LEE K H,LEE Y J,HIRAGA K.Precipitation behavior in the early stage of aging in an Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr-Ag(Weldalite 049)alloy[J].Journal of materials research,1999,14(2):384-389.
[33]王哲,郑子樵,李世晨.时效工艺对高强Al-Cu-Li合金组织和性能的影响[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(6):100-102.
[34]CHEN P S,KURUVILLA A K,MALONE T W,et al.The effects of artificial aging on the microstructure and fracture toughness of Al-Cu-Li alloy 2195[J].Journal of materials engineering and performance,1998,7(5):682-690.
[35]汪洁霞,刘晴,李劲风,等.时效处理对新型超高强Al-Cu-Li-X合金薄板的力学性能和微观组织的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2018(4):4-10.
[36]DORIN T,DESCHAMPS A,DE GEUSER F,et al.Quantification and modelling of the microstructure/strength relationship by tailoring the morphological parameters of the T1 phase in an AlCu-Li alloy[J].Acta materialia,2014,75:134-146.
[37]DU Z L,ZENG W D,YANG W H,et al.Effect of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of different rolling orientations in novel Al-Li alloy[J].Materials Science and Technology,2014,30(8):893-899.
[38]尚勇,张立武.高强铝合金的热处理技术[J].上海有色金属,2005,26(2):97-102.
[39]X2A66铝锂合金固态相变及微观组织演变规律的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[40]GHOSH K S,DAS K,CHATTERJEE U K.Characterization of retrogression and reaging behavior of 8090 Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35(12):3681-3691.
[41]陈铮.铝锂合金的发展趋势,关键技术及应用[J].材料导报,1999(2):1-3.
[42]LEE M F,HUANG J C,HO N J.Microstructural and mechanical characterization of laser-beam welding of a 8090 Al-Li thin sheet[J].Journal of materials science,1996,31(6):1455-1468.
[43]YAN J,GAO M,LI G,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-MIG hybrid welding of 1420 Al-Li alloy[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2013,66(9/10/11/12):1467-1473.
[44]罗昆,常明,陈俐,等.激光填丝焊接铝锂合金T型接头的组织和力学性能[J].热加工工艺,2017(1):85-88.
[45]ZHANG X,HUANG T,YANG W,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam-welded AA2060 Al-Li alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2016,237:301-308.
[46]JAMES M N,BRADLEY G R,LOMBARD H,et al.The relationship between process mechanisms and crack paths in friction stir welded 5083‐H321 and 5383‐H321 aluminium alloys[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2005,28(1/2):245-256.
[47]易雅楠,麻彦龙,罗肖肖,等.合金相对新型铝锂合金局部腐蚀行为的影响研究进展[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,31(4):50-57.
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