芒草/玉米秸秆与褐煤的共热解特性
|
摘要
利用热重-红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)研究了芒草与褐煤共热解,并与玉米秸秆和褐煤共热解进行了比较。结果表明:共热解过程分为3个阶段,即预热干燥阶段、挥发分析出阶段和炭化阶段;由动力学分析及加权分析可知,芒草或玉米秸秆与褐煤共热解均具有协同作用,均可促进褐煤的热解,芒草与褐煤共热解反应更易发生;共热解协同作用随着生物质掺混比(质量比)的增加而增强,玉米秸秆掺混比变化对协同作用的影响更为明显;由红外分析可知,芒草与褐煤共热解可以降低褐煤的热解温度,促进褐煤的热解反应;芒草与褐煤共热解过程中CH_4,CO_2和CO的析出规律,在低温段时与芒草热解过程中三种气体的析出规律相似,在高温段时是芒草和褐煤综合作用的结果;当芒草与褐煤的掺混比为1∶2时,掺混芒草能有效优化热解气的组分,提高CH_4和CO的体积分数。玉米秸秆与褐煤共热解过程中CH_4,CO_2和CO的析出规律与玉米秸秆热解过程中三种气体的析出规律相似,几乎不受褐煤影响,其受掺混比的影响较小。
Co-pyrolysis characteristics of miscanthus and lignite were studied using TG-FTIR,which was compared with that of corn stalks and lignite.The results show that the co-pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages-water evaporation stage,mevolatilization stage and carbonization stage.Kinetic analysis and weighted analysis show that the co-pyrolysis of miscanthus or corn stalks and lignite has synergistic effect,which will promote the pyrolysis of lignite.As a result,the co-pyrolytic reaction of miscanthus and lignite is likelier to occur.The synergistic effect of the co-pyrolysis for biomass and lignite is enhanced when the mixing ratio(mass fraction)of biomass increases.And the effect of the mixing ratio of corn stalks on synergistic effect is more obvious.Infrared analysis shows that the co-pyrolysis of miscanthus and lignite is able to reduce the pyrolysis temperature of lignite so as to promote the pyrolysis reaction of lignite.At low-temperature stage,the release principle of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 from the mixture of miscanthus and lignite is similar to that of miscanthus.At high-temperature stage,the release behavior of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 results from the combined action of miscanthus and lignite.When the mixing ratio of miscanthus and lignite is 1∶2,miscanthus can effectively optimize the composition of the pyrolysis gas and increase the volume fraction of CH_4 and CO.The release principle of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 from the mixture of corn stalks and lignite is similar to that of corn stalks,and it is almost unaffected by lignite.The blending ratio has little influence on it.This phenomenon indicates that there is a synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis process of corn stalks and lignite.
Co-pyrolysis characteristics of miscanthus and lignite were studied using TG-FTIR,which was compared with that of corn stalks and lignite.The results show that the co-pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages-water evaporation stage,mevolatilization stage and carbonization stage.Kinetic analysis and weighted analysis show that the co-pyrolysis of miscanthus or corn stalks and lignite has synergistic effect,which will promote the pyrolysis of lignite.As a result,the co-pyrolytic reaction of miscanthus and lignite is likelier to occur.The synergistic effect of the co-pyrolysis for biomass and lignite is enhanced when the mixing ratio(mass fraction)of biomass increases.And the effect of the mixing ratio of corn stalks on synergistic effect is more obvious.Infrared analysis shows that the co-pyrolysis of miscanthus and lignite is able to reduce the pyrolysis temperature of lignite so as to promote the pyrolysis reaction of lignite.At low-temperature stage,the release principle of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 from the mixture of miscanthus and lignite is similar to that of miscanthus.At high-temperature stage,the release behavior of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 results from the combined action of miscanthus and lignite.When the mixing ratio of miscanthus and lignite is 1∶2,miscanthus can effectively optimize the composition of the pyrolysis gas and increase the volume fraction of CH_4 and CO.The release principle of CH_4,CO,and CO_2 from the mixture of corn stalks and lignite is similar to that of corn stalks,and it is almost unaffected by lignite.The blending ratio has little influence on it.This phenomenon indicates that there is a synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis process of corn stalks and lignite.
引文
[1]马爱玲,谌伦建,黄光许,等.生物质与煤混烧的热重-红外试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):124-128.MA Ailing,CHEN Lunjian,HUANG Guangxu,et al.TG-FTIR Experimental Study on Co-firing of Biomass and Coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):124-128.
[2]姜贤刚,刘洁,冯莉,等.热解温度和脱灰处理对褐煤半焦孔结构的影响及分形分析[J].煤炭转化,2018,41(3):19-26.JIANG Xian’gang,LIU Jie,FENG Li,et al.Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature and De-ashing Treatment on Pore Structure of Lignite Semi-coke and Its Fractal Analysis[J].Coal Conversion,2018,41(3):19-26.
[3]杜杨,朱跃钊,高豪杰,等.褐煤与生物质共热解特性实验研究[J].煤炭转化,2014,37(3):10-14.DU Yang,ZHU Yuezhao,GAO Haojie,et al.Experimental Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristic of Lignite and Biomass[J].Coal Conversion,2014,37(3):19-20.
[4]王燕杰,应浩,孙云娟,等.烘焙木屑与褐煤共热解特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(4):981-987.WANG Yanjie,YING Hao,SUN Yunjuan,et al.Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Baking Wood and Lignite[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(4):981-987.
[5]金会心,朱明燕,吴复中,等.褐煤与生物质共热解过程的协同效应[J].煤炭转化,2016,39(3):34-38.JIN Huixin,ZHU Mingyan,WU Fuzhong,et al.Synergistic Effect of Co-pyrolysis Process of Lignite and Biomass[J].Coal Conversion,2016,39(3):34-38.
[6]程晓晗,何选明,戴丹,等.石莼与褐煤低温共热解热重分析及动力学[J].化工进展,2015,34(12):4385-4390.CHENG Xiaohan,HE Xuanming,DAI Dan,et al.Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolytic Kinetic Study on Co-pyrolysis of Brown Coal and Ulva[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(12):4385-4390.
[7]孙云娟,蒋剑春,赵淑蘅,等.稻壳与褐煤共热解动力学研究[J].太阳能学报,2016,37(11):2747-2753.SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,ZHAO Shuheng,et al.Study on Kinetics of Co-pyrolysis of Husk and Lignite[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2016,37(11):2747-2753.
[8]王燕杰,应浩,孙云娟,等.烘焙稻壳与不同煤化程度的煤共热解特性[J].化工进展,2014,33(3):643-650.WANG Yanjie,YING Hao,SUN Yunjuan,et al.Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Torrefied Rice Husk with Different Coalification Degree Coals[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(3):643-650.
[9]于延冲,易自力,周功克.能源植物芒草研究进展与综合利用现状[J].生命科学,2014,26(5):474-476.YU Yanchong,YI Zili,ZHOU Gongke.Research Progress and Comprehensive Utilization of Miscanthus[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2014,26(5):474-476.
[10]范希峰,左海涛,侯新村,等.芒和荻作为草本能源植物的潜力分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14):381-387.FAN Xifeng,ZUO Haitao,HOU Xincun,et al.Potential of Miscanthus Spp.and Triarrhena Spp.as Herbaceous Energy Plants[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(14):381-387.
[11]马中青,马乾强,王家耀,等.基于TG-FTIR和Py-GC/MS的生物质三组分快速热解机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):59-66.MA Zhongqing,MA Qianqiang,WANG Jiayao,et al.Study on the Fast Pyrolysis Mechanism of the Three Pseudocomponents of Biomass(Cellulose,Hemi-cellulose and Lignin)Using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):59-66.
[12]李翠华,何选明,李冲,等.褐煤与大豆荚共热解特性分析及动力学研究[J].武汉科技大学学报,2018,44(1):64-69.LI Cuihua,HE Xuaming,LI Chong,et al.Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolytic Kinetic Study of Co-pyrolysis of Soybean Pods with Lignite[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2018,44(1):64-69.
[13]李少华,车德勇,张学斌.松木屑与褐煤共热解特性及动力学分析[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(4):90-95.LI Shaohua,CHE Deyong,ZHANG Xuebin.Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics Analysis of Pink Sawdust with Lignite[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2013,40(4):90-95.
[14]付鹏,胡松,孙路石,等.稻草和玉米秆热解气体产物的释放特性及形成机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(2):113-118.FU Peng,HU Song,SUN Lushi,et al.Release Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Gas Products During Rice Straw and Maize Stalk Pyrolysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(2):113-118.
[15]易霜,何选明,郑辉,等.甘蔗渣与褐煤共热解半焦的特性[J].化工进展,2016,35(10):3149-3154.YI Shuang,HE Xuanming,ZHENG Hui,et al.Characteristics of Co-pyrolysis Char of Sugarcane Bagasse and Lignite[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(10):3149-3154.
[16]常国璋,黄艳琴,谢建军,等.棕榈壳热解失重特性及动力学研究[J].林产化学与工业,2016,36(4):31-40.CHANG Guozhang,HUANG Yanqin,XIE Jianjun,et al.Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell During Pyrolysis Reaction[J].Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2016,36(4):31-40.
[17]曲雯雯,夏洪应,彭金辉,等.核桃壳热解特性及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):194-198.QU Wenwen,XIA Hongying,PENG Jinhui,et al.Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Walnut Shell[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(2):194-198.
[18]MISHRA G,KUMAR J,BHASKAR T.Kinetic Studies on the Pyrolysis of Pinewood[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,182:282-288.
[19]WEILAND N T,MEANS N C,MORREALE B D,et al.Product Distributions from Isothermal Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass[J].Fuel,2012,94(1):563-570.
[20]ZENG Xi,WANG Yin,YU Jian,et al.Gas Upgrading in a Downdraft Fixed-bed Reactor Downstream of a Fluidized-bed Coal Pyrolyzer[J].Energy and Fuels,2011,25(11):5242-5249.
[21]朱绒.生物质碱金属在煤/生物质共热解过程中迁移影响因素研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017:19.ZHU Rong.Impact of Biomass Alkalis Migration on Coal Char During Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2017:19.
[22]孟晓晓,孙锐,袁皓,等.不同热解温度下玉米秸秆中碱金属K和Na的释放及半焦中赋存特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(4):1600-1607.MENG Xiaoxiao,SUN Rui,YUAN Hao,et al.Effect of Different Pyrolysis Temperature on Alkali Metal K and Na Emission and Existence in Semi-char[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(4):1600-1607.
[23]孙云娟,蒋剑春,许玉,等.木屑与煤慢速共热解产物特性研究[J].生物质化学工程,2015,49(1):1-6.SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,XU Yu,et al.Characteristics of Sawdust and Coal Slow Co-pyrolysis Products[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2015,49(1):1-6.
[24]赵淑蘅,蒋剑春,孙云娟,等.稻壳与褐煤共热解过程的TG-FTIR分析[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(1):19-23.ZHAO Shuheng,JIANG Jianchun,SUN Yunjuan,et al.TG-FTIR Analysis of Co-pyrolysis of Husk and Lignite[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(1):19-23.
[25]SONG Yuyao,ARASH Tshmasebi,YU Jianglong,et al.Co-pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust and Lignite in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer and a Fixed-bed Reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,174:204-211.
[26]武宏香,李海滨,冯宜鹏,等.钾元素对生物质主要组分热解特性的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(8):950-957.WU Hongxiang,LI Haibin,FENG Yipeng,et al.Effects of Potassium on the Pyrolysis of Biomass Components by TG-FTIRAnalysis[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(8):950-957.
[27]王建飞,赵建涛,李风海,等.烟煤与生物质快速共热解产物特性分析[J].燃料化学学报,2015,43(6):641-648.WANG Jianfei,ZHAO Jiantao,LI Fenghai,et al.Product Characteristics for Fast Co-pyrolysis of Bituminous Coal and Biomass[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2015,43(6):641-648.
[28]VRHEGYI G,CZGNY Z,JAKAB E,et al.Tobacco Pyrolysis.Kinetic Evaluation of Thermogravimetric-mass Spectrometric Experiments[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2009,86(2):310-322.
[29]王立,陈雪莉,赵英杰,等.稻草与煤固定床共热解特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(4):436-442.WANG Li,CHEN Xueli,ZHAO Yingjie,et al.Experimental Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristic of Straw and Coal Blends in a Fixed Bed Reactor[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(4):436-442.
[2]姜贤刚,刘洁,冯莉,等.热解温度和脱灰处理对褐煤半焦孔结构的影响及分形分析[J].煤炭转化,2018,41(3):19-26.JIANG Xian’gang,LIU Jie,FENG Li,et al.Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature and De-ashing Treatment on Pore Structure of Lignite Semi-coke and Its Fractal Analysis[J].Coal Conversion,2018,41(3):19-26.
[3]杜杨,朱跃钊,高豪杰,等.褐煤与生物质共热解特性实验研究[J].煤炭转化,2014,37(3):10-14.DU Yang,ZHU Yuezhao,GAO Haojie,et al.Experimental Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristic of Lignite and Biomass[J].Coal Conversion,2014,37(3):19-20.
[4]王燕杰,应浩,孙云娟,等.烘焙木屑与褐煤共热解特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(4):981-987.WANG Yanjie,YING Hao,SUN Yunjuan,et al.Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Baking Wood and Lignite[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(4):981-987.
[5]金会心,朱明燕,吴复中,等.褐煤与生物质共热解过程的协同效应[J].煤炭转化,2016,39(3):34-38.JIN Huixin,ZHU Mingyan,WU Fuzhong,et al.Synergistic Effect of Co-pyrolysis Process of Lignite and Biomass[J].Coal Conversion,2016,39(3):34-38.
[6]程晓晗,何选明,戴丹,等.石莼与褐煤低温共热解热重分析及动力学[J].化工进展,2015,34(12):4385-4390.CHENG Xiaohan,HE Xuanming,DAI Dan,et al.Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolytic Kinetic Study on Co-pyrolysis of Brown Coal and Ulva[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(12):4385-4390.
[7]孙云娟,蒋剑春,赵淑蘅,等.稻壳与褐煤共热解动力学研究[J].太阳能学报,2016,37(11):2747-2753.SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,ZHAO Shuheng,et al.Study on Kinetics of Co-pyrolysis of Husk and Lignite[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2016,37(11):2747-2753.
[8]王燕杰,应浩,孙云娟,等.烘焙稻壳与不同煤化程度的煤共热解特性[J].化工进展,2014,33(3):643-650.WANG Yanjie,YING Hao,SUN Yunjuan,et al.Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Torrefied Rice Husk with Different Coalification Degree Coals[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(3):643-650.
[9]于延冲,易自力,周功克.能源植物芒草研究进展与综合利用现状[J].生命科学,2014,26(5):474-476.YU Yanchong,YI Zili,ZHOU Gongke.Research Progress and Comprehensive Utilization of Miscanthus[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2014,26(5):474-476.
[10]范希峰,左海涛,侯新村,等.芒和荻作为草本能源植物的潜力分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14):381-387.FAN Xifeng,ZUO Haitao,HOU Xincun,et al.Potential of Miscanthus Spp.and Triarrhena Spp.as Herbaceous Energy Plants[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(14):381-387.
[11]马中青,马乾强,王家耀,等.基于TG-FTIR和Py-GC/MS的生物质三组分快速热解机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(9):59-66.MA Zhongqing,MA Qianqiang,WANG Jiayao,et al.Study on the Fast Pyrolysis Mechanism of the Three Pseudocomponents of Biomass(Cellulose,Hemi-cellulose and Lignin)Using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(9):59-66.
[12]李翠华,何选明,李冲,等.褐煤与大豆荚共热解特性分析及动力学研究[J].武汉科技大学学报,2018,44(1):64-69.LI Cuihua,HE Xuaming,LI Chong,et al.Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolytic Kinetic Study of Co-pyrolysis of Soybean Pods with Lignite[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2018,44(1):64-69.
[13]李少华,车德勇,张学斌.松木屑与褐煤共热解特性及动力学分析[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(4):90-95.LI Shaohua,CHE Deyong,ZHANG Xuebin.Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics Analysis of Pink Sawdust with Lignite[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2013,40(4):90-95.
[14]付鹏,胡松,孙路石,等.稻草和玉米秆热解气体产物的释放特性及形成机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(2):113-118.FU Peng,HU Song,SUN Lushi,et al.Release Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Gas Products During Rice Straw and Maize Stalk Pyrolysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(2):113-118.
[15]易霜,何选明,郑辉,等.甘蔗渣与褐煤共热解半焦的特性[J].化工进展,2016,35(10):3149-3154.YI Shuang,HE Xuanming,ZHENG Hui,et al.Characteristics of Co-pyrolysis Char of Sugarcane Bagasse and Lignite[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(10):3149-3154.
[16]常国璋,黄艳琴,谢建军,等.棕榈壳热解失重特性及动力学研究[J].林产化学与工业,2016,36(4):31-40.CHANG Guozhang,HUANG Yanqin,XIE Jianjun,et al.Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell During Pyrolysis Reaction[J].Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2016,36(4):31-40.
[17]曲雯雯,夏洪应,彭金辉,等.核桃壳热解特性及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):194-198.QU Wenwen,XIA Hongying,PENG Jinhui,et al.Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Walnut Shell[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(2):194-198.
[18]MISHRA G,KUMAR J,BHASKAR T.Kinetic Studies on the Pyrolysis of Pinewood[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,182:282-288.
[19]WEILAND N T,MEANS N C,MORREALE B D,et al.Product Distributions from Isothermal Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass[J].Fuel,2012,94(1):563-570.
[20]ZENG Xi,WANG Yin,YU Jian,et al.Gas Upgrading in a Downdraft Fixed-bed Reactor Downstream of a Fluidized-bed Coal Pyrolyzer[J].Energy and Fuels,2011,25(11):5242-5249.
[21]朱绒.生物质碱金属在煤/生物质共热解过程中迁移影响因素研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017:19.ZHU Rong.Impact of Biomass Alkalis Migration on Coal Char During Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2017:19.
[22]孟晓晓,孙锐,袁皓,等.不同热解温度下玉米秸秆中碱金属K和Na的释放及半焦中赋存特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(4):1600-1607.MENG Xiaoxiao,SUN Rui,YUAN Hao,et al.Effect of Different Pyrolysis Temperature on Alkali Metal K and Na Emission and Existence in Semi-char[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(4):1600-1607.
[23]孙云娟,蒋剑春,许玉,等.木屑与煤慢速共热解产物特性研究[J].生物质化学工程,2015,49(1):1-6.SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,XU Yu,et al.Characteristics of Sawdust and Coal Slow Co-pyrolysis Products[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2015,49(1):1-6.
[24]赵淑蘅,蒋剑春,孙云娟,等.稻壳与褐煤共热解过程的TG-FTIR分析[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(1):19-23.ZHAO Shuheng,JIANG Jianchun,SUN Yunjuan,et al.TG-FTIR Analysis of Co-pyrolysis of Husk and Lignite[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(1):19-23.
[25]SONG Yuyao,ARASH Tshmasebi,YU Jianglong,et al.Co-pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust and Lignite in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer and a Fixed-bed Reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,174:204-211.
[26]武宏香,李海滨,冯宜鹏,等.钾元素对生物质主要组分热解特性的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(8):950-957.WU Hongxiang,LI Haibin,FENG Yipeng,et al.Effects of Potassium on the Pyrolysis of Biomass Components by TG-FTIRAnalysis[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(8):950-957.
[27]王建飞,赵建涛,李风海,等.烟煤与生物质快速共热解产物特性分析[J].燃料化学学报,2015,43(6):641-648.WANG Jianfei,ZHAO Jiantao,LI Fenghai,et al.Product Characteristics for Fast Co-pyrolysis of Bituminous Coal and Biomass[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2015,43(6):641-648.
[28]VRHEGYI G,CZGNY Z,JAKAB E,et al.Tobacco Pyrolysis.Kinetic Evaluation of Thermogravimetric-mass Spectrometric Experiments[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2009,86(2):310-322.
[29]王立,陈雪莉,赵英杰,等.稻草与煤固定床共热解特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(4):436-442.WANG Li,CHEN Xueli,ZHAO Yingjie,et al.Experimental Study on Co-pyrolysis Characteristic of Straw and Coal Blends in a Fixed Bed Reactor[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(4):436-442.