基于脆弱性视角的环渤海地区人海关系地域系统时空特征及演化分析
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摘要
脆弱性已成为全球环境变化与可持续性科学研究的前沿领域,人海关系地域系统作为海洋地理学研究的重要内容,研究一定地域范围内人海地理空间的结构特征及演变规律。以环渤海地区为例,首先,对其海洋资源、海洋科技力量和人才资源及海洋基础设施等进行概述,分析海洋经济的发展过程;其次,以脆弱性为切入点,运用集对分析法分析环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性演进及影响因素;最后,运用三角图法对1996—2012年环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性进行类型分异,进而有针对性地提出降低脆弱性的对策。结果表明:(1)环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性指数发展变化不同,但均呈下降态势,稳定性显著增强;(2)环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性属于单一子系统脆弱型的次数较少,复合子系统脆弱型和均衡脆弱型是主要类型,出现次数较多;(3)可通过加强陆海统筹,优化海洋产业结构,加强海洋污染治理,推进海洋科学技术创新,加快人才培养和加强基础设施建设等措施实现降低人海关系地域系统脆弱性。
Vulnerability in human-sea territorial system is a research frontier in regional sustainable development. Studies carries out in human-sea system are of significance to not only the enrichment of the theories of human-land territorial system,but also marine sustainable development. Firstly, we analyzed the marine resources, marine science and technology,marine infrastructure,and marine economic development process of the Bohai-rim region in China. The humansea territorial systems include three subsystems: the human-sea resources and environment subsystem,the human-sea economic subsystem,and the human-sea society subsystem. Subsequently,we combined the methods of set pair analysis,vulnerability assessment,and combination weight to obtain each index weight,taking the Bohai-rim region as an example to analyze the evolution trends and major factors influencing the vulnerability of the human-sea territorial system from 1996 to2012. On the whole,the results showed a declining trend of the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohairim region during the past 17 years. This shows that the vulnerability index of Shandong is smaller than that of the other provinces; the vulnerability index of Liaoning which belongs to the second tier declines the most; Hebei and Tianjin belongto the third tier,and their vulnerability indexes are relatively higher with the likelihood of a greater decline. Lastly,we classified the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohai-rim region from 1996 to 2012 by using the triangle methodology. The results showed that the vulnerability of single subsystem was less than the vulnerabilities of balanced and complex subsystems. This suggests that to reduce the vulnerability of human-sea territorial systems of the Bohai-rim region,we should strengthen the co-ordination of land and sea to optimize the marine industrial structure,take measures to strengthen the control of marine and environmental protection,develop science and technology and cultivate talents,at the same time,to strengthen the construction of marine infrastructure. This paper presents some references for improving the theory and method of the research on the vulnerability of coastal regional and human-sea territorial systems in different regions under the consistent framework.
Vulnerability in human-sea territorial system is a research frontier in regional sustainable development. Studies carries out in human-sea system are of significance to not only the enrichment of the theories of human-land territorial system,but also marine sustainable development. Firstly, we analyzed the marine resources, marine science and technology,marine infrastructure,and marine economic development process of the Bohai-rim region in China. The humansea territorial systems include three subsystems: the human-sea resources and environment subsystem,the human-sea economic subsystem,and the human-sea society subsystem. Subsequently,we combined the methods of set pair analysis,vulnerability assessment,and combination weight to obtain each index weight,taking the Bohai-rim region as an example to analyze the evolution trends and major factors influencing the vulnerability of the human-sea territorial system from 1996 to2012. On the whole,the results showed a declining trend of the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohairim region during the past 17 years. This shows that the vulnerability index of Shandong is smaller than that of the other provinces; the vulnerability index of Liaoning which belongs to the second tier declines the most; Hebei and Tianjin belongto the third tier,and their vulnerability indexes are relatively higher with the likelihood of a greater decline. Lastly,we classified the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohai-rim region from 1996 to 2012 by using the triangle methodology. The results showed that the vulnerability of single subsystem was less than the vulnerabilities of balanced and complex subsystems. This suggests that to reduce the vulnerability of human-sea territorial systems of the Bohai-rim region,we should strengthen the co-ordination of land and sea to optimize the marine industrial structure,take measures to strengthen the control of marine and environmental protection,develop science and technology and cultivate talents,at the same time,to strengthen the construction of marine infrastructure. This paper presents some references for improving the theory and method of the research on the vulnerability of coastal regional and human-sea territorial systems in different regions under the consistent framework.
引文
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[19]于谨凯,魏云.基于集对分析法的海洋经济系统脆弱性评价研究.海洋经济,2016,6(2):26-33.
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[21]李志伟,崔力拓.集约用海对海洋资源影响的评价方法.生态学报,2015,35(16):5458-5466.
[22]韩增林,胡伟,钟敬秋,胡渊,刘天宝.基于能值分析的中国海洋生态经济可持续发展评价.生态学报,2017,37(8):2563-2574.
[23]肖怡,陈尚,曹志泉,夏涛,郝林华.基于CVM的山东海洋保护区生态系统多样性维持服务价值评估.生态学报,2016,36(11):3321-3328.
[24]苏飞,张平宇,李鹤.中国煤矿城市经济系统脆弱性评价.地理研究,2008,27(4):907-916.
[25]刘桂春.人海关系与人海关系地域系统理论研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2007:24-29.
[26]韩增林,刘桂春.人海关系地域系统探讨.地理科学,2007,27(6):761-767.
[27]黄盛.环渤海地区海洋产业结构调整优化研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:37-38.
[28]刘玉新,王占坤,崔晓健.环渤海地区海洋经济发展研究.海洋开发与管理,2013,30(5):51-54.
[29]李晓琴,张炜熙.海洋经济脆弱性的研究综述.海洋经济,2014,4(1):44-49.
[30]王岩,方创琳.大庆市城市脆弱性综合评价与动态演变研究.地理科学,2014,34(5):547-555.
[31]王长征,刘毅.论中国海洋经济的可持续发展.资源科学,2003,25(4):73-78.
[32]狄乾斌,韩增林,孙迎.海洋经济可持续发展能力评价及其在辽宁省的应用.资源科学,2009,31(2):288-294.
[33]李巍,郗永勤.效率视角下的省域生态文明建设评价研究.生态学报,2016,36(22):7354-7363.
[34]李博.辽宁沿海地区人海经济系统脆弱性评价.地理科学,2014,34(6):711-716.
[35]赵克勤.基于集对分析的方案评价决策矩阵与应用.系统工程,1996,12(4):67-72.
[36]李锋.基于集对分析法(SPA)的中国旅游经济系统脆弱性测度研究.旅游科学,2013,27(1):15-28,40-40.
[37]韩瑞玲,佟连军,佟伟铭,于建辉.基于集对分析的鞍山市人地系统脆弱性评估.地理科学进展,2012,31(3):344-352.
[38]张顺峰,于洪军,徐兴,曹建荣,刘文全,苏乔.环渤海区域近海污染特征分析及防治对策.海洋开发与管理,2012,29(7):71-75.
[39]孙劭,苏洁,史培军.2010年渤海海冰灾害特征分析.自然灾害学报,2011,20(6):87-93.
[40]李志鹏,杜震洪,张丰,曹敏杰,刘仁义.基于GIS的浙北近海海域生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2016,36(24):8183-8193.
[41]傅伯杰.景观多样性分析及其制图研究.生态学报,1995,15(4):345-350.
[42]田光进,张增祥,张国平,周全斌,赵晓丽.基于遥感与GIS的海口市景观格局动态演化.生态学报,2002,22(7):973-979.
[2]Kates R W,Clark W C,Corell R,Hall M,Jaeger C C,Lowe I,Mc Carthy J J,Schellnhuber H J,Bolin B,Dickson N M,Faucheux S,Gallopin G C,Grübler A,Huntley B,Jger J,Jodha N S,Kasperson R E,Mabogunje A,Matson P,Mooney H,Moore III B,O'Riordan T,Svedin U.Environment and development:sustainability science.Science,2001,292(5517):641-642.
[3]Turner II B L,Kasperson R E,Matson P A,Mc Carthy J J,Corell R W,Christensen L,Eckley N,Kasperson J X,Luers A,Martello M L,Polsky C,Pulsipher A,Schiller A.A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2003,100(14):8074-8079.
[4]Cutter S L,Boruff B J,Shirley W L.Social vulnerability to environmental hazards.Social Science Quarterly,2003,84(2):242-261.
[5]陈萍,陈晓玲.全球环境变化下人—环境耦合系统的脆弱性研究综述.地理科学进展,2010,29(4):454-462.
[6]李博,韩增林.沿海城市人地关系地域系统脆弱性研究——以大连市为例.经济地理,2010,30(10):1722-1728.
[7]田亚平,向清成,王鹏.区域人地耦合系统脆弱性及其评价指标体系.地理研究,2013,32(1):55-63.
[8]余中元,李波,张新时.社会生态系统及脆弱性驱动机制分析.生态学报,2014,34(7):1870-1879.
[9]张耀光,刘锴,王圣云.关于我国海洋经济地域系统时空特征研究.地理科学进展,2006,25(5):47-56.
[10]张耀光.从人地关系地域系统到人海关系地域系统——吴传均院士对中国海洋地理学的贡献.地理科学,2008,28(1):6-9.
[11]李博,韩增林,孙才志,狄乾斌.环渤海地区人海资源环境系统脆弱性的时空分析.资源科学,2012,34(11):2214-2221.
[12]Adrianto L,Matsuda Y.Developing economic vulnerability indices of environmental disasters in small island regions.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2002,22(4):393-414.
[13]Guillaumont P.An economic vulnerability index:its design and use for international development policy.Oxford Development Studies,2009,37(3):193-228.
[14]Scott D,Dawson J,Jones B.Climate change vulnerability of the US northeast winter recreation-tourism sector.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2008,13(5/6):577-596.
[15]杨林,李渊.海洋灾害脆弱性综合评价指标体系的设计.海洋技术,2013,32(3):133-137.
[16]赵昕,肖凡.沿海地区经济系统海洋灾害脆弱性评价研究——以山东省台风灾害为例.海洋经济,2013,3(3):21-25.
[17]侯京明,高义,王君成,范婷婷,闪迪,王宗辰.基于遥感的台州市海啸脆弱性评估.海洋学报,2016,38(8):12-23.
[18]李琳琳.我国沿海省市风暴潮灾害脆弱性组合评价研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014:18-21.
[19]于谨凯,魏云.基于集对分析法的海洋经济系统脆弱性评价研究.海洋经济,2016,6(2):26-33.
[20]赵国杰,张炜熙.区域经济社会脆弱性研究——以河北省为例.上海经济研究,2006,(1):65-69.
[21]李志伟,崔力拓.集约用海对海洋资源影响的评价方法.生态学报,2015,35(16):5458-5466.
[22]韩增林,胡伟,钟敬秋,胡渊,刘天宝.基于能值分析的中国海洋生态经济可持续发展评价.生态学报,2017,37(8):2563-2574.
[23]肖怡,陈尚,曹志泉,夏涛,郝林华.基于CVM的山东海洋保护区生态系统多样性维持服务价值评估.生态学报,2016,36(11):3321-3328.
[24]苏飞,张平宇,李鹤.中国煤矿城市经济系统脆弱性评价.地理研究,2008,27(4):907-916.
[25]刘桂春.人海关系与人海关系地域系统理论研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2007:24-29.
[26]韩增林,刘桂春.人海关系地域系统探讨.地理科学,2007,27(6):761-767.
[27]黄盛.环渤海地区海洋产业结构调整优化研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:37-38.
[28]刘玉新,王占坤,崔晓健.环渤海地区海洋经济发展研究.海洋开发与管理,2013,30(5):51-54.
[29]李晓琴,张炜熙.海洋经济脆弱性的研究综述.海洋经济,2014,4(1):44-49.
[30]王岩,方创琳.大庆市城市脆弱性综合评价与动态演变研究.地理科学,2014,34(5):547-555.
[31]王长征,刘毅.论中国海洋经济的可持续发展.资源科学,2003,25(4):73-78.
[32]狄乾斌,韩增林,孙迎.海洋经济可持续发展能力评价及其在辽宁省的应用.资源科学,2009,31(2):288-294.
[33]李巍,郗永勤.效率视角下的省域生态文明建设评价研究.生态学报,2016,36(22):7354-7363.
[34]李博.辽宁沿海地区人海经济系统脆弱性评价.地理科学,2014,34(6):711-716.
[35]赵克勤.基于集对分析的方案评价决策矩阵与应用.系统工程,1996,12(4):67-72.
[36]李锋.基于集对分析法(SPA)的中国旅游经济系统脆弱性测度研究.旅游科学,2013,27(1):15-28,40-40.
[37]韩瑞玲,佟连军,佟伟铭,于建辉.基于集对分析的鞍山市人地系统脆弱性评估.地理科学进展,2012,31(3):344-352.
[38]张顺峰,于洪军,徐兴,曹建荣,刘文全,苏乔.环渤海区域近海污染特征分析及防治对策.海洋开发与管理,2012,29(7):71-75.
[39]孙劭,苏洁,史培军.2010年渤海海冰灾害特征分析.自然灾害学报,2011,20(6):87-93.
[40]李志鹏,杜震洪,张丰,曹敏杰,刘仁义.基于GIS的浙北近海海域生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2016,36(24):8183-8193.
[41]傅伯杰.景观多样性分析及其制图研究.生态学报,1995,15(4):345-350.
[42]田光进,张增祥,张国平,周全斌,赵晓丽.基于遥感与GIS的海口市景观格局动态演化.生态学报,2002,22(7):973-979.