基于灰色关联度的筒形件变薄拉深工艺参数优化
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摘要
利用Simufact. forming有限元仿真软件,以变薄拉深工艺中第1道次减薄比、凹模锥角和拉深速度3个工艺参数为自变量,以筒形件的外圆度误差与壁厚偏差为优化目标进行数值模拟,设计3水平3因素的正交试验。基于灰色关联分析法,计算各工艺参数对筒形件尺寸精度的关联系数与关联度,进行多目标优化得到最优工艺参数组合。结果表明,变薄拉深冷成形工艺中,当第1道次减薄比为70%、凹模锥角为10°、拉深速度为10 mm·s~(-1)时,筒形件的尺寸精度较高。变薄拉深工艺参数对筒形件尺寸精度的影响顺序为:第1道次减薄比>凹模锥角>拉深速度。经过试验验证,仿真结果与试验结果的相对误差小于10%,证明了有限元仿真有良好的可靠性,可为实际生产做出指导。
By Simufact. forming finite element simulation software,the thinning ratio of the first pass,conical angle of die and ironing speed were taken as the independent variables,and the deviations of outer roundness and wall thickness of cylindrical part were taken as the optimization objective,the ironing process was simulated,and the orthogonal experiment with three levels and three factors was designed. Based on the grey correlation analysis,the correlation coefficient and correlation degree of each process parameter to the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part were calculated,and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained by multi-objective optimization.The results show that when the thinning ratio of the first pass is 70%,the conical angle of die is 10° and the ironing speed is 10 mm·s~(-1),the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part is higher in the ironing process. The order of the influence of ironing process parameters on the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part is as follows: thinning ratio of the first pass > conical angle of die > ironing speed. Furthermore,the verified experiments were conducted. And the relative error between the simulation results and the experimental results is less than 10%.It is proved that the finite element simulation is of good reliability,which can be described as the guidance for the actual production.
By Simufact. forming finite element simulation software,the thinning ratio of the first pass,conical angle of die and ironing speed were taken as the independent variables,and the deviations of outer roundness and wall thickness of cylindrical part were taken as the optimization objective,the ironing process was simulated,and the orthogonal experiment with three levels and three factors was designed. Based on the grey correlation analysis,the correlation coefficient and correlation degree of each process parameter to the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part were calculated,and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained by multi-objective optimization.The results show that when the thinning ratio of the first pass is 70%,the conical angle of die is 10° and the ironing speed is 10 mm·s~(-1),the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part is higher in the ironing process. The order of the influence of ironing process parameters on the dimension accuracy of cylindrical part is as follows: thinning ratio of the first pass > conical angle of die > ironing speed. Furthermore,the verified experiments were conducted. And the relative error between the simulation results and the experimental results is less than 10%.It is proved that the finite element simulation is of good reliability,which can be described as the guidance for the actual production.
引文
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[3]许江平,柳玉起,杜婷,等.实体单元在变薄拉深成形模拟及工艺参数优化中的应用[J].中国机械工程,2009,20(6):737-740.Xu J P,Liu Y Q,Du T,et al.Application of solid element in ironing simulation and optimization of processing parameters[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2009,20(6):737-740.
[4]南海,端木樊杰,李静媛,等.变薄拉深对430不锈钢表面起皱的影响[J].钢铁,2019,54(1):56-62.Nan H,Duanmu F J,Li J Y,et al.Effect of thinning drawing on surface ridging of 430 stainless steel[J].Iron and Steel,2019,54(1):56-62.
[5]胡建军.轴承环多模变薄拉深的有限元分析与试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.Hu J J.Finite Element Analysis and Experiment Research of Bearing Cages Multi-mould Drawing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing U-niversity,2004.
[6]胡成武,罗文波,彭炎荣.变薄拉深力的两种理论解及其比较[J].塑性工程学报,2004,11(1):36-38.Hu C W,Luo W B,Peng Y R.Two theoretical solutions of the thinning drawing force and their comparation[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2004,11(1):36-38.
[7]张向伟,黄丽丽.深杯形件多道次变薄拉深过程数值模拟[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(13):112-114.Zhang X W,Huang L L.Numerical simulation of multi-step ironing pocess for deep cup shaped workpiece[J].Hot Working Technology,2013,42(13):112-114.
[8]Adamovic D,Mandic V,Jurkovic Z,et al.An experimental modelling and numerical FE analysis of steel-strip ironing process[J].Tehnicki Vjesnik,2010,17(4):435-444.
[9]Swadesh Kumar Singh,Amit Kumar Gupta,Mahesh K.A study on the extent of ironing of EDD steel at elevated temperature[J].CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology,2010,3(1):73-79.
[10]肖善超.弹壳多模一次连续变薄拉深工艺研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2012.Xiao S C.Research on Multi-mode-one-off Ironing Process for Cartridge Case[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2012.
[11]邓聚龙.灰理论基础[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2002.Deng J L.Basis of Grey Theory[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,2002.
[12]薛克敏,吴超,郭威威,等.基于灰色系统理论的隔热件成形优化[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(3):30-34.Xue K M,Wu C,Guo W W,et al.Forming optimization of insulation parts based on grey system theory[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(3):30-34.