东华北不同生态区玉米品种产量及相关性状差异研究
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摘要
以10个中晚熟玉米品种为试验材料,在东华北的5个生态区进行种植试验,对产量、穗部性状、农艺性状、抗倒性、抗病性等进行了研究。结果表明:不同生态区对玉米产量潜力存在很大影响(F=13.53),品种间也存在较大差异(F=22.93);产量构成因素的相关系数为穗数>穗粒数>百粒重,穗部性状受不同生态区的影响程度为秃尖长>穗粒重>穗长>穗行数,秃尖长是不同生态条件下变化最为活跃的穗部性状,与产量呈极显著的负相关;不同生态区抗倒性变化较小,倒伏率变异系数的变幅仅为1.24%～2.43%;在玉米病害方面,山西是病害易发区,不同病害在各生态区的发病存在很大差异。总体上,参试的10个玉米品种在内蒙古和山西更有利于生产潜力的发挥,抗倒性弱的品种适合在内蒙古种植,抗病性弱的品种不宜在山西种植。根据不同生态区的温度、日照和降水量特点,合理调配播种时间、开花时节是提高玉米生态适应性的关键。
Ten mid-late maturing maize cultivars were used as test materials for planting experiments in five ecologicalregions in the Eastern North China. Yield, spike traits, agronomic traits, lodging-resistance, and disease-resistance werestudied. The results showed that different ecological areas had a great influence on the yield potential of maize(F=13.53),and there were also large differences between varieties(F =22.93). Spike traits were affected by different ecologicalareas. Correlation coefficient of yield components followed a trend of number of spikes>grain number per spike>100-grain weight, and baldness length>spike grain weight>spike length>row number. Baldness length were the mostactive spike factor under different ecological conditions, and it had extremely negative correlation with yield. Lodging-resistance changed slightly in different ecological regions. The coefficient of variation of lodging rate(CV) was only1.24%-2.43%. In terms of maize diseases, Shanxi was a disease-prone region, and there were great differences in theincidence of different diseases in each ecological area. In general, the 10 maize varieties tested in Inner Mongolia andShanxi were more conducive to the development of productive potential. The weak lodging-resistant varieties weresuitable for planting in Inner Mongolia, and those with weak disease-resistance were not suitable for planting in Shanxi.According to the characteristics of temperature, light and rainfall in different ecological regions, rational allocation ofsowing date and flowering season is the key to improve the ecological adaptability of maize.
Ten mid-late maturing maize cultivars were used as test materials for planting experiments in five ecologicalregions in the Eastern North China. Yield, spike traits, agronomic traits, lodging-resistance, and disease-resistance werestudied. The results showed that different ecological areas had a great influence on the yield potential of maize(F=13.53),and there were also large differences between varieties(F =22.93). Spike traits were affected by different ecologicalareas. Correlation coefficient of yield components followed a trend of number of spikes>grain number per spike>100-grain weight, and baldness length>spike grain weight>spike length>row number. Baldness length were the mostactive spike factor under different ecological conditions, and it had extremely negative correlation with yield. Lodging-resistance changed slightly in different ecological regions. The coefficient of variation of lodging rate(CV) was only1.24%-2.43%. In terms of maize diseases, Shanxi was a disease-prone region, and there were great differences in theincidence of different diseases in each ecological area. In general, the 10 maize varieties tested in Inner Mongolia andShanxi were more conducive to the development of productive potential. The weak lodging-resistant varieties weresuitable for planting in Inner Mongolia, and those with weak disease-resistance were not suitable for planting in Shanxi.According to the characteristics of temperature, light and rainfall in different ecological regions, rational allocation ofsowing date and flowering season is the key to improve the ecological adaptability of maize.
引文
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[11]赵建华,孙建好,陈伟,等.不同作物与玉米间套作对玉米产量和生物量累积的影响.作物杂志,2013(4):120-125.
[2]易镇邪,王璞,张红芳,等.氮肥类型与施用量对华北平原夏玉米源库关系的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):294-300.
[3]王崇桃,李少昆,韩伯棠.玉米产量潜力实现的限制因素的参与式评估.科技与经济,2006(7):53-59.
[4]刘淑云,董树亭,胡昌浩,等.玉米产量和品质与生态环境的关系.作物学报,2005,31(5):571-576.
[5]陈国平,杨国航,赵明,等.玉米小面积超高产创建及配套栽培技术研究.玉米科学,2008,16(4):1-4.
[6]陈亮,史振声,李凤海,等.辽宁省不同熟期玉米品种的产量及其相关性状比较.种子,2010,29(5):68-71.
[7]史振声,张飞.高秆稀植大穗型玉米的密植潜力研究.玉米科学,2009,17(2):116-119.
[8]刘松涛,刘过,晋宏宇,等.河北省不同生态区夏玉米丰产、稳产性品种筛选研究.作物杂志,2018(2):56-60.
[9]王庆成,王忠孝,张秀清,等.紧凑型玉米新杂交群体结构特点和变化动态.山东农业科学,1998(5):4-9.
[10]陈传永,董志强,赵明,等.低温冷凉地区超高产春玉米群体生长分析研究.玉米科学,2007,15(3):75-79.
[11]赵建华,孙建好,陈伟,等.不同作物与玉米间套作对玉米产量和生物量累积的影响.作物杂志,2013(4):120-125.