基于DEA-Tobit模型的我国体育场地资源配置效率研究
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摘要
运用DEA-Tobit模型,以2014年我国第6次全国体育场地普查数据对31个省市自治区的体育场地资源配置效率及影响因素进行分析。研究表明:我国体育场地资源配置效率普遍偏低,且地区间差异明显,仅有12个地区达到配置有效,19个地区处于配置无效状态,综合配置效率为0.786 9±0.255 9。从综合配置效率看,导致资源无效配置的因素各不相同,有7个省是由于体育财政配置规模不合理所致,12个省市自治区因财政管理资源匮乏和资源投入不足双重因素所致;从规模效益变化看,有4个省市处于规模效益递增阶段,应继续增加投入,扩大场地规模,提高配置效率;15个省市自治区处于规模效率递减阶段,应控制投入总量,调整投资规模,优化资源配比;从外部影响因素看,地区经济发展水平、人口密度与地理面积均在不同程度上对场地资源配置效率产生显著影响。建议:各地区根据实际情况制定体育场地投入政策与配置方案;完善场地投资制度与监管体系;建立场地投入绩效与评价机制,有效提升我国体育场地资源配置效率。
By using the DEA-Tobit model, based on the data of the sixth national sports land survey in China in 2014, the authors analyzed the sports land resource allocation efficiencies of 31 provinces and autonomous regions, and affecting factors. This research shows that Chinese sports land resource allocation efficiencies were generally low, and the differences between regions were significant, only 12 regions were allocation valid, 19 regions were in an allocation invalid condition, the comprehensive efficiency was 0.786 9±0.255 9. From the perspective of comprehensive allocation efficiency, the factors that caused invalid resource allocation were different, invalid resource allocation was caused by irrational sports fiscal allocation scale in 7 provinces, by such double factors as the lack of fiscal management resources and insufficient resource input in 12 provinces and autonomous regions; from the perspective of scale benefit changing, 4 provinces were at a scale benefit progressively increasing stage, should continue to increase input, expand the land scale, and increase the allocation efficiency; 15 provinces and autonomous regions were at a scale benefit progressively decreasing stage, should control the total input volume, adjust the investment scale, and optimize the resource allocation ratio; from the perspective of external affecting factors, regional economy development level, population density and geographical area produced a significant effect on land resource allocation efficiency to different extents. Proposals: various regions establish sports land input policies and allocation plans, perfect the land investment system and supervision system, establish a land input performance and evaluation mechanism, and effectively increase the Chinese sports land resource allocation efficiency.
By using the DEA-Tobit model, based on the data of the sixth national sports land survey in China in 2014, the authors analyzed the sports land resource allocation efficiencies of 31 provinces and autonomous regions, and affecting factors. This research shows that Chinese sports land resource allocation efficiencies were generally low, and the differences between regions were significant, only 12 regions were allocation valid, 19 regions were in an allocation invalid condition, the comprehensive efficiency was 0.786 9±0.255 9. From the perspective of comprehensive allocation efficiency, the factors that caused invalid resource allocation were different, invalid resource allocation was caused by irrational sports fiscal allocation scale in 7 provinces, by such double factors as the lack of fiscal management resources and insufficient resource input in 12 provinces and autonomous regions; from the perspective of scale benefit changing, 4 provinces were at a scale benefit progressively increasing stage, should continue to increase input, expand the land scale, and increase the allocation efficiency; 15 provinces and autonomous regions were at a scale benefit progressively decreasing stage, should control the total input volume, adjust the investment scale, and optimize the resource allocation ratio; from the perspective of external affecting factors, regional economy development level, population density and geographical area produced a significant effect on land resource allocation efficiency to different extents. Proposals: various regions establish sports land input policies and allocation plans, perfect the land investment system and supervision system, establish a land input performance and evaluation mechanism, and effectively increase the Chinese sports land resource allocation efficiency.
引文
[1]国家体育总局政法司.体育发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL].[2017-06-12].http:www.sport.gov.cn/cn/n10503/c722960/content.html.
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[3]卢志成.政府体育公共财政支出政策公平研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(8):3-12.
[4]魏德样,黄彩华,雷福民,等.基于县域单元的福建省体育场地发展空间特征及其演化[J].体育科学,2016,36(1):38-48.
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[9]张俊珍,徐波锋,景俊青.基于DEA的陕西省不同市区竞技体育资源配置效率研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,31(5):548-551.
[10]寇健忠.体育场地资源配置的均衡性研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(4):14-20.
[11]李蓉,李军.重庆市主城区大型公共体育设施布局存在的问题及原因分析[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011(8):134-136.
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[13]张平淡,袁浩铭,杜雯翠.我国工业领域环保投资效率及其影响因素分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(1):6-10.
[14]袁春梅.我国体育公共服务效率评价与影响因素实证研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(4):3-10.
[15]游国鹏,刘海瑞,张欣,等.基于DEA-Tobit模型的我国2012-2013年群众体育投入产出效益评价与影响因素研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(3):209-215.
[16]张凤彪,王松.基于DEA的体育场地建设效率评价研究--以辽宁省为例[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):32-40.
[17]王菁,龚三乐,张宏.广东省体育公共产品供给效率评估--基于DEA-Tobit模型分析[J].体育学刊,2016,23(3):53-59.
[18]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].Eur J Operat Res,1978(2):429-432.
[19]BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[20]ANDERSEN P,PETERSEN N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1261-1264.
[21]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[22]LAWSHE C H.A quantitative approach to content validity[J].Personnel Psychology,1975,28(4):563-575.
[2]LEIBENSTEIN H.Allocative efficiency vs.“X-efficiency”[J].The American Economic Re,1966,56(3):392-415.
[3]卢志成.政府体育公共财政支出政策公平研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(8):3-12.
[4]魏德样,黄彩华,雷福民,等.基于县域单元的福建省体育场地发展空间特征及其演化[J].体育科学,2016,36(1):38-48.
[5]魏德样,王健.我国学校体育场地动态发展的特征分析--基于全国体育场地“五普、六普”的数据挖掘视角[J].体育科学,2017,37(2):16-27.
[6]李丽,杨小龙.公共财政视角下我国公共体育场地建设研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2015,49(3):18-23.
[7]张大超,苏妍欣,李敏.我国城乡公共体育资源配置公平性评估指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(6):18-33.
[8]张大超,李敏.我国公共体育设施发展水平评价指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(4):3-23.
[9]张俊珍,徐波锋,景俊青.基于DEA的陕西省不同市区竞技体育资源配置效率研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,31(5):548-551.
[10]寇健忠.体育场地资源配置的均衡性研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(4):14-20.
[11]李蓉,李军.重庆市主城区大型公共体育设施布局存在的问题及原因分析[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011(8):134-136.
[12]COOPER W W,SEIFORD L M,ZHU J.Data envelopment analysis[J].Springer U S,2004,2(3):1-39.
[13]张平淡,袁浩铭,杜雯翠.我国工业领域环保投资效率及其影响因素分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(1):6-10.
[14]袁春梅.我国体育公共服务效率评价与影响因素实证研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(4):3-10.
[15]游国鹏,刘海瑞,张欣,等.基于DEA-Tobit模型的我国2012-2013年群众体育投入产出效益评价与影响因素研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(3):209-215.
[16]张凤彪,王松.基于DEA的体育场地建设效率评价研究--以辽宁省为例[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):32-40.
[17]王菁,龚三乐,张宏.广东省体育公共产品供给效率评估--基于DEA-Tobit模型分析[J].体育学刊,2016,23(3):53-59.
[18]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].Eur J Operat Res,1978(2):429-432.
[19]BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[20]ANDERSEN P,PETERSEN N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1261-1264.
[21]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[22]LAWSHE C H.A quantitative approach to content validity[J].Personnel Psychology,1975,28(4):563-575.