密植对花生产量的影响及品种耐密性分析
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摘要
为明确密植对花生产量的影响,并阐明不同类型花生品种的耐密性,以远杂9102、远杂6号、豫花23号、DF12、商花4号和商花6号为供试品种,设置1.125×10~5~3.600×10~5株(穴)/hm~2不同处理,对花生单粒密植、双粒密植及密植情况下配置方式进行研究。结果表明,所有花生品种密植均有较明显的增产效果,双粒播种的商花4号、商花6号、远杂9102、豫花23号种植密度达到2.250×10~5穴/hm~2时产量最高,DF12和远杂6号则在密度达到2.700×10~5穴/hm~2时产量最高。6个品种在1.800×10~5穴/hm~2密度以下时,双粒播种的产量高于单粒播种的产量,但在2.700×10~5穴/hm~2时,除豫花23号以外,其他5个品种单粒播种产量高于双粒播种的产量。在达到一定密度情况下,单、双粒播种产量差异不显著。大花生品种商花6号在密植的情况下(2.250×10~5穴/hm~2),单粒等行种植产量最高;小花生品种远杂9102在密植的情况下(2.700×10~5穴/hm~2),单粒宽窄行种植产量最高。密植情况下,单株结果数减少,但饱果率、出仁率明显增加,商品性变好,花生株高增加。
To study the effect of planting density on the yield of peanut and to clarify the density tolerance of different peanut varieties,Yuanza 9102,Yuanza 6,Yuhua 23,DF12,Shanghua 4 and Shanghua 6 were used as materials. The planting densities were from 1. 125 ×10~5 to 3. 600 ×10~5 holes/ha according to different treatment. A seed per hole,double seeds per hole,and different density tolerance were studied in this experiment. The results showed that high planting density for all kinds of peanut varieties had obvious effect on yield increase. Shanghua 4,Shanghua 6,Yuanza 9102 and Yuhua 23 reached the highest yield when the planting density was 2. 250 ×10~5 holes/ha,while Yuanza 6 and DF12 reached the highest yield when the planting density was 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha when double seeds per hole. At a density of 1. 800 ×105 holes/ha or less,the yield of 6 varieties planted in double seeds per hole were higher than that ofsingle seed per hole. The yield of all the other varieties planted in single seed per hole was higher than that of double seeds per hole when the planting density was 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha except for Yuhua 23. In the case of a certain density,the yield difference between single seed per hole and double seeds per hole was not significant. Large seed variety Shanghua 6 reached highest yield when planted single seed per hole with equal line spacing at the density of 2. 250 ×10~5 holes/ha,while the small seed variety Yuanza 9102 reached highest yield when planted single seed per hole with unequal line spacing at the density of 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha. In the case of high density planting,pods of per plant decreased,full pod rate and kernel rate increased significantly,commodity quality became better and plant height increased.
To study the effect of planting density on the yield of peanut and to clarify the density tolerance of different peanut varieties,Yuanza 9102,Yuanza 6,Yuhua 23,DF12,Shanghua 4 and Shanghua 6 were used as materials. The planting densities were from 1. 125 ×10~5 to 3. 600 ×10~5 holes/ha according to different treatment. A seed per hole,double seeds per hole,and different density tolerance were studied in this experiment. The results showed that high planting density for all kinds of peanut varieties had obvious effect on yield increase. Shanghua 4,Shanghua 6,Yuanza 9102 and Yuhua 23 reached the highest yield when the planting density was 2. 250 ×10~5 holes/ha,while Yuanza 6 and DF12 reached the highest yield when the planting density was 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha when double seeds per hole. At a density of 1. 800 ×105 holes/ha or less,the yield of 6 varieties planted in double seeds per hole were higher than that ofsingle seed per hole. The yield of all the other varieties planted in single seed per hole was higher than that of double seeds per hole when the planting density was 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha except for Yuhua 23. In the case of a certain density,the yield difference between single seed per hole and double seeds per hole was not significant. Large seed variety Shanghua 6 reached highest yield when planted single seed per hole with equal line spacing at the density of 2. 250 ×10~5 holes/ha,while the small seed variety Yuanza 9102 reached highest yield when planted single seed per hole with unequal line spacing at the density of 2. 700 ×10~5 holes/ha. In the case of high density planting,pods of per plant decreased,full pod rate and kernel rate increased significantly,commodity quality became better and plant height increased.
引文
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[12]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-22.
[13]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237.
[14]邵长亮.花生单粒精播节种高产理论与技术研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2005.
[15]高飞,翟志席,王铭伦.密度对夏直播花生光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报2011,27(9):320-323.
[16]张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,等.单粒精播对夏直播花生生育生理特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1482-1490.
[2]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.
[3]王才斌,郑亚萍,成波,等.花生超高产群体特征与光能利用研究[J].华业农学报,2004,19(2):40-43.
[4]陈茹艳,郭陞垚,施爱玲,等.福建新育花生品种鉴定及产量与性状的相关分析[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(10):1664-1670.
[5]梁晓艳,郭峰,张佳蕾,等.单粒精播对花生冠层微环境、光合特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3700-3706.
[6]万书波.中国花生栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003.
[7]张佳蕾,郭峰,杨佃卿,等.单粒精播对超高产花生群体结构和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3757-3766.
[8]梁晓艳,郭峰,张佳蕾,等.不同密度单粒精播对花生养分吸收及分配的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):893-901.
[9]张俊,王铭伦,于旸,等.不同种植密度对花生群体透光率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(10):52-54.
[10]商娜,杨中旭,李秋芝,等.行距配置和密度对单粒精播花生干物质积累和产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(9):40-44.
[11]翟彬彬,丁述举,高于,等.配置方式与密度对夏直播花生产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2016(2):8-10.
[12]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-22.
[13]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237.
[14]邵长亮.花生单粒精播节种高产理论与技术研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2005.
[15]高飞,翟志席,王铭伦.密度对夏直播花生光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报2011,27(9):320-323.
[16]张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,等.单粒精播对夏直播花生生育生理特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1482-1490.