植物多样性对模拟人工湿地氮去除及氧化亚氮排放的影响
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摘要
为理解人工湿地处理高氮废水时植物多样性对生态系统功能的影响,本研究进行模拟人工湿地微宇宙实验。选取灯心草(Juncus effusus)、羊蹄(Rumex japonicus)和!草(Phalaris arundinacea) 3种常见植物,配置3个单种和1个3种混种处理,在污水停留中期(第4天)和末期(第8天)测定微宇宙N_2O排放、水中氮浓度等参数。结果表明:混种系统N_2O排放在中期显著低于单种均值,在末期与单种无显著差异;单种系统N_2O排放在中期显著高于末期,而混种系统在两个时期无显著差异;混种系统氮去除率在中期低于单种系统均值,在末期与单种系统无显著差异;!草单种系统氮去除率在中期显著高于羊蹄、灯心草单种及混种系统,但在末期与其他系统无显著差异。在保持氮去除率的情况下,混种系统的N_2O排放通量低于单种系统均值。
To understand the effects of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning in constructed wetlands which were used for treating wastewater with a high nitrogen concentration,a microcosm experiment with simulating constructed wetlands was conducted. Three common plants( Juncus effusus,Rumex japonicus,and Phalaris arundinacea) were selected to establish the monocultures of the three species and a three-species mixture. At the intermediate stage( with hydraulic retention time of four days) and the late stage( eight days) after wastewater was supplied,nitrous oxide( N_2O) emission and the effluent nitrogen concentration in each microcosm were measured.Results showed that N_2O emission from the mixtures was lower than the average value of three monocultures in the intermediate stage but not in the late stage. The average N_2O emission from monocultures in the intermediate stage was higher than that in the late stage,but it was not the case in the mixture. The nitrogen removal efficiency from the mixture was lower than that averaged across the three monocultures in the intermediate stage,but not in the late stage. In the intermediate stage,the average nitrogen removal efficiency from the monoculture of P. arundinacea was higher than that from the other monocultures or the mixtures,but not in the late stage.Our results suggest that the N_2O emission from the mixtures was lower than that from the monocultures but it was contrary for nitrogen removal efficiency.
To understand the effects of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning in constructed wetlands which were used for treating wastewater with a high nitrogen concentration,a microcosm experiment with simulating constructed wetlands was conducted. Three common plants( Juncus effusus,Rumex japonicus,and Phalaris arundinacea) were selected to establish the monocultures of the three species and a three-species mixture. At the intermediate stage( with hydraulic retention time of four days) and the late stage( eight days) after wastewater was supplied,nitrous oxide( N_2O) emission and the effluent nitrogen concentration in each microcosm were measured.Results showed that N_2O emission from the mixtures was lower than the average value of three monocultures in the intermediate stage but not in the late stage. The average N_2O emission from monocultures in the intermediate stage was higher than that in the late stage,but it was not the case in the mixture. The nitrogen removal efficiency from the mixture was lower than that averaged across the three monocultures in the intermediate stage,but not in the late stage. In the intermediate stage,the average nitrogen removal efficiency from the monoculture of P. arundinacea was higher than that from the other monocultures or the mixtures,but not in the late stage.Our results suggest that the N_2O emission from the mixtures was lower than that from the monocultures but it was contrary for nitrogen removal efficiency.
引文
徐希真,黄承才,徐青山,等.2012.模拟人工湿地中植物多样性配置对硝态氮去除的影响.生态学杂志,31(5):1150-1156.
赵争艳,钟雨辰,韩文娟,等.2016.植物多样性对人工湿地微宇宙甲烷排放的影响.生态学杂志,35(7):1783-1790.
Abalos D,Deyn GB,Kuyper TW,et al.2014.Plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of N2Oemissions from grassland.Global Change Biology,20:265-275.
Chang J,Fan X,Sun HY,et al.2014.Plant species richness enhances nitrous oxide emissions in microcosms of constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,64:108-115.
Chen J,Zhou HC,Pan Y,et al.2016.Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and plant species on nitrification,denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils.Science of the Total Environment,553:60-70.
Cheng XL,Peng RH,Chen JQ,et al.2007.CH4and N2Oemission from Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms.Chemosphere,68:420-427.
Compton JE,Harrison JA,Dennis RL,et al.2011.Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle:Anew perspective for US decision making.Ecology Letters,14:804-815.
Ge Y,Han WJ,Huang CC,et al.2015.Positive effects of plant diversity on nitrogen removal in microcosms of constructed wetlands with high ammonium loading.Ecological Engineering,82:614-623.
Graham MH,Edwards MS.2001.Statistical significance versus fit:Estimating the importance of individual factors in ecological analysis of variance.Oikos,93:505-513.
Gu BJ,Leach AM,Ma L,et al.2013.Nitrogen footprint in China:Food,energy,and nonfood goods.Environmental Science and Technology,47:9217-9224.
Han WJ,Chang J,Fan X,et al.2016.Plant species diversity impacts nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emissions as much as carbon addition in constructed wetland microcosms.Ecological Engineering,93:144-151.
Han WJ,Shi MM,Chang J,et al.2017.Plant species diversity reduces N2O but not CH4emissions from constructed wetlands under high nitrogen levels.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24:1-11.
Johansson AE,Klemedtsson AK,Klemedtsson L,et al.2003.Nitrous oxide exchanges with the atmosphere of a constructed wetland treating wastewater-parameters and implications for emission factors.Tellus B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,55:737-750.
Kim DG,Giltrap D,Hernandez-Ramirez,G.2013.Background nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural and natural lands:Ameta-analysis.Plant and Soil,373:1007-1008.
Lohila A,Aurela M,Hatakka J,et al.2010.Responses of N2Ofluxes to temperature,water table and N deposition in a northern boreal fen.European Journal of Soil Science,61:651-661.
Maltais-Landry G,Maranger R,Brisson J.2009.Effect of artificial aeration and macrophyte species on nitrogen cycling and gas flux in constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,35:221-229.
Mander,Dotro G,Ebie Y,et al.2014.Greenhouse gas emission in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:Areview.Ecological Engineering,66:19-35.
Maucieri C,Barbera AC,Vymazal J,et al.2017.A review on the main affecting factors of greenhouse gases emission in constructed wetlands.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,236:175-193.
Niklaus PA,Roux XL,Poly F,et al.2016.Plant species diversity affects soil-atmosphere fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide.Oecologia,181:919-930.
Niklaus PA,Wardle DA,Tate KR.2006.Effects of plant species diversity and compositions on nitrogen cycling and the trace gas balance of soils.Plant and Soil,282:83-98.
Paranychianakis NV,Tsiknia M,Kalogerakis N.2016.Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Water Research,102:321-329.
Rehman F,Pervez A,Khattak BN,et al.2016.Constructed wetlands:Perspectives of the oxygen released in the rhizosphere of macrophytes.Clean:Soil,Air,Water,45:10.1002/clen.201600054.
Saeed T,Sun G.2012.A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands:dependency on environmental parameters,operating conditions and supporting media.Journal of Environmental Management,112:429-448.
Str9m L,Lamppa A,Christensen TR.2007.Greenhouse gas emissions from a constructed wetland in southern Sweden.Wetlands Ecology and Management,15:43-50.
Tilman D,Isbell F,Cowles MJ.2014.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,45:471-493.
Vymazal J.2007.Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands.Science of the Total Environment,380:48-65.
Vymazal J.2014.Constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters:A review.Ecological Engineering,73:724-751.
Wu HM,Zhang J,Ngo HH,et al.2017.Evaluating the sustainability of free water surface flow constructed wetlands:Methane and nitrous oxide emissions.Journal of Cleaner Production,147:152-156.
Wunderlin P,Mohn J,Joss A,et al.2012.Mechanisms of N2Oproduction in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions.Water Research,46:1027-1037.
Zhang CB,Liu WL,Wang J,et al.2012.Effects of plant diversity and hydraulic retention time on pollutant removals in vertical flow constructed wetland mesocosms.Ecological Engineering,49:244-248.
赵争艳,钟雨辰,韩文娟,等.2016.植物多样性对人工湿地微宇宙甲烷排放的影响.生态学杂志,35(7):1783-1790.
Abalos D,Deyn GB,Kuyper TW,et al.2014.Plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of N2Oemissions from grassland.Global Change Biology,20:265-275.
Chang J,Fan X,Sun HY,et al.2014.Plant species richness enhances nitrous oxide emissions in microcosms of constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,64:108-115.
Chen J,Zhou HC,Pan Y,et al.2016.Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and plant species on nitrification,denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils.Science of the Total Environment,553:60-70.
Cheng XL,Peng RH,Chen JQ,et al.2007.CH4and N2Oemission from Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms.Chemosphere,68:420-427.
Compton JE,Harrison JA,Dennis RL,et al.2011.Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle:Anew perspective for US decision making.Ecology Letters,14:804-815.
Ge Y,Han WJ,Huang CC,et al.2015.Positive effects of plant diversity on nitrogen removal in microcosms of constructed wetlands with high ammonium loading.Ecological Engineering,82:614-623.
Graham MH,Edwards MS.2001.Statistical significance versus fit:Estimating the importance of individual factors in ecological analysis of variance.Oikos,93:505-513.
Gu BJ,Leach AM,Ma L,et al.2013.Nitrogen footprint in China:Food,energy,and nonfood goods.Environmental Science and Technology,47:9217-9224.
Han WJ,Chang J,Fan X,et al.2016.Plant species diversity impacts nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emissions as much as carbon addition in constructed wetland microcosms.Ecological Engineering,93:144-151.
Han WJ,Shi MM,Chang J,et al.2017.Plant species diversity reduces N2O but not CH4emissions from constructed wetlands under high nitrogen levels.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24:1-11.
Johansson AE,Klemedtsson AK,Klemedtsson L,et al.2003.Nitrous oxide exchanges with the atmosphere of a constructed wetland treating wastewater-parameters and implications for emission factors.Tellus B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,55:737-750.
Kim DG,Giltrap D,Hernandez-Ramirez,G.2013.Background nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural and natural lands:Ameta-analysis.Plant and Soil,373:1007-1008.
Lohila A,Aurela M,Hatakka J,et al.2010.Responses of N2Ofluxes to temperature,water table and N deposition in a northern boreal fen.European Journal of Soil Science,61:651-661.
Maltais-Landry G,Maranger R,Brisson J.2009.Effect of artificial aeration and macrophyte species on nitrogen cycling and gas flux in constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,35:221-229.
Mander,Dotro G,Ebie Y,et al.2014.Greenhouse gas emission in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:Areview.Ecological Engineering,66:19-35.
Maucieri C,Barbera AC,Vymazal J,et al.2017.A review on the main affecting factors of greenhouse gases emission in constructed wetlands.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,236:175-193.
Niklaus PA,Roux XL,Poly F,et al.2016.Plant species diversity affects soil-atmosphere fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide.Oecologia,181:919-930.
Niklaus PA,Wardle DA,Tate KR.2006.Effects of plant species diversity and compositions on nitrogen cycling and the trace gas balance of soils.Plant and Soil,282:83-98.
Paranychianakis NV,Tsiknia M,Kalogerakis N.2016.Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Water Research,102:321-329.
Rehman F,Pervez A,Khattak BN,et al.2016.Constructed wetlands:Perspectives of the oxygen released in the rhizosphere of macrophytes.Clean:Soil,Air,Water,45:10.1002/clen.201600054.
Saeed T,Sun G.2012.A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands:dependency on environmental parameters,operating conditions and supporting media.Journal of Environmental Management,112:429-448.
Str9m L,Lamppa A,Christensen TR.2007.Greenhouse gas emissions from a constructed wetland in southern Sweden.Wetlands Ecology and Management,15:43-50.
Tilman D,Isbell F,Cowles MJ.2014.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,45:471-493.
Vymazal J.2007.Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands.Science of the Total Environment,380:48-65.
Vymazal J.2014.Constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters:A review.Ecological Engineering,73:724-751.
Wu HM,Zhang J,Ngo HH,et al.2017.Evaluating the sustainability of free water surface flow constructed wetlands:Methane and nitrous oxide emissions.Journal of Cleaner Production,147:152-156.
Wunderlin P,Mohn J,Joss A,et al.2012.Mechanisms of N2Oproduction in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions.Water Research,46:1027-1037.
Zhang CB,Liu WL,Wang J,et al.2012.Effects of plant diversity and hydraulic retention time on pollutant removals in vertical flow constructed wetland mesocosms.Ecological Engineering,49:244-248.