瞬变电磁超前探视纵向电导微分合成孔径成像
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摘要
为避免瞬变电磁数据成像二次微分运算中由引入误差的传递与积累造成的假异常现象,以合成孔径雷达相干成像的思想引入瞬变电磁合成孔径成像方法,通过相邻测点对地质体成像的相关性进行加权相关叠加.结果表明:真实的有效信号具有较高的相关度而得到加强,传递与积累的误差因具有随机性而相关度较差,能够得到压制,最终提高视纵向电导微分成像的分辨率.该方法改变了传统的以单点单独解释的瞬变电磁解释方法,形成了通过相邻测点的相关性进行联合成像解释的新方法.对实际工程进行了传统瞬变电磁数据成像和合成孔径成像对比,可明显看到瞬变电磁合成孔径成像得到的界面更清晰,对判断电阻率变化界面位置非常有利.
To avoid the false abnormal bodies caused by the error transfer and accumulation in the process of quadratic differential operation in Transient Electromagnetic Method(TEM),the idea of interference imaging principle of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)was introduced into the TEM imaging.Results show that by stacking the related points nearby,the effective signals were enlarged.The noise and errors are random with low correlation and can be suppressed,so the resolutions of differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging can be improved obviously.This method changes the traditional single point interpretation to joint interpretation of related points nearby.An actual TEM tunnel prediction was carried out to test the effectiveness.Both the traditional images and the improved images were compared.The differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging after synthetic aperture shows clearer interfaces,and it is very useful to determine the geological interfaces accurately.
To avoid the false abnormal bodies caused by the error transfer and accumulation in the process of quadratic differential operation in Transient Electromagnetic Method(TEM),the idea of interference imaging principle of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)was introduced into the TEM imaging.Results show that by stacking the related points nearby,the effective signals were enlarged.The noise and errors are random with low correlation and can be suppressed,so the resolutions of differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging can be improved obviously.This method changes the traditional single point interpretation to joint interpretation of related points nearby.An actual TEM tunnel prediction was carried out to test the effectiveness.Both the traditional images and the improved images were compared.The differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging after synthetic aperture shows clearer interfaces,and it is very useful to determine the geological interfaces accurately.
引文
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[23]SUN H F,LI S C,SU M X,et al.Practice of TEMtunnel prediction in Tsingtao subsea tunnel[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011:761-765.
[24]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:37-39.FEI Yetai.Error theory and data processing[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005:37-39.
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[26]皮亦鸣,杨建宇,付毓生,等.合成孔径雷达成像原理[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2007:167-169.PI Yiming,YANG Jianyu,FU Yusheng,et al.Imaging principle of synthetic aperture radar[M].Press of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2007:167-169.
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[28]刘银爱.合成孔径瞬变电磁偏移成像技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010:32-37.LIU Yinai.Synthetic-aperture technology in transient electromagnetic migration imaging[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010:32-37.
[29]SUN H F,LI S C,SU M X,et al.Improve resolutions of differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging using TEM synthetic aperture algorithm[C]//Beijing:SEG,2011:781-783.
[30]胡广书.数字信号处理:理论算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:96-97.HU Guangshu.Digital signal processing:Theory algorithms and implementation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003:96-97.
[31]谭代明.隧道超前探水全空间瞬变电磁理论及其应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009:42-48.TAN Daiming.Research on theory and application for advanced prediction of water by whole space transient electromagnetism[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009:42-48.
[32]李貅,薛国强.瞬变电磁合成孔径成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报.2012,55(1):333-340.LI Xiu,XUE Guoqiang,et al.A research on TEMimaging method based on synthetic-aperture technology[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):333-340.
[2]李术才,刘斌,李树忱,等.基于激发极化法的隧道含水地质构造超前探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1297-1309.LI Shucai,LIU Bin,LI Shuchen,et al.Study of advanced detection for tunnel water-bearing geological structures with induced polarization method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1297-1309.
[3]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.LI Shucai,LI Shuchen,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Forecast of karst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):217-225.
[4]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297-1307.LI Shucai,XUE Yiguo,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Key technology study on comprehensive prediction and early-warning of geological hazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297-1307.
[5]薛翊国,李术才,苏茂鑫,等.青岛胶州湾海底隧道含水断层综合超前预报实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):2081-2087.XUE Yiguo,LI Shucai,SU Maoxin,et al.Practice of comprehensive early-warning geological prediction on aquifer fault in qingdao kiaochow bay subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):2081-2087.
[6]李貅,武军杰,曹大明,等.一种隧道水体不良地质体超前地质预报方法:瞬变电磁法[J].工程勘察,2006(3):70-75.LI Xiu,WU Junjie,CAO Daming,et al.Advanced geologic forecasting for unfavorable geological body with water-transient electromagnetic method[J].Journal of Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2006(3):70-75.
[7]薛国强,李貅.瞬变电磁隧道超前预报成像技术[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):894-900.XUE Guoqiang,LI Xiu.The technology of TEM tunnel prediction imaging[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3):894-900.
[8]XUE G Q,LI X.Transient electromagnetic S-inversion in tunnel prediction[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34:L18403.
[9]KAUFMAN A A,EATON P A.The theory of inductive prospecting[M].New York:Elsevier,2001:22-24.
[10]ZHDANOV M S.Geophysical electromagnetic theory and methods[M].Oxford:Elsevier Science,2009:80-81.
[11]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002:42-44.LI Xiu.Theory and application of transient electromagnetic sounding[M].Xi'an:Shaanxi Science&Technology Press,2002:42-44.
[12]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2007:66-68.NIU Zhilian.Theory of time domian electromagnetic[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2007:66-68.
[13]朴化荣.电磁测深原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:78-81.PIAO Huarong.Theory of electromagnetic sounding[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990:78-81.
[14]刘树才,刘志新,姜志海.瞬变电磁法在煤矿采区水文勘探中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005(4):414-417.LIU Shucai,LIU Zhixin,JANG Zhihai.Application of TEM in hydrogeological prospecting of mining district[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005(4):414-417.
[15]于景邨,刘志新,刘树才,等.深部采场突水构造矿井瞬变电磁法探查理论及应用[J].煤炭学报,2007(8):818-821.YU Jingcun,LIU Zhixin,LIU Shucai,et al.Theoretical analysis of mine transient electromagnetic method and its application in detecting water burst structures in deep coal stope[J].Journal of China Coal Society.2007(8):818-821.
[16]于景邨,刘志新,汤金云,等.用瞬变电磁法探查综放工作面顶板水体的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007(4):542-546.YU Jingcun,LIU Zhixin,TANG Jinyun,et al.Transient electromagnetic detecting technique for water hazard to the roof of fully mechanized sub-level caving face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007(4):542-546.
[17]苏茂鑫,李术才,薛翊国,等.隧道掌子面前方低阻夹层的瞬变电磁探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):2645-2650.SU Maoxin,LI Shucai,XUE Yiguo,et al.Research on detection of low resistivity interbed in front of tunnel face by means of transient electromagnetic method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2645-2650.
[18]李天斌,孟陆波,朱劲,等.隧道超前地质预报综合分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2429-2436.LI Tianbin,MENG Lubo,ZHU Jin,et al.Comprehensive analysis method for advanced forecast of geology in tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2429-2436.
[19]刘志新,刘树才,刘仰光.矿井富水体的瞬变电磁场物理模型实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009(2):259-266.LIU Zhixin,LIU Shucai,LIU Yangguang.Research on transient electromagnetic field of mine waterbearing structure by physical model experiment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009(2):259-266.
[20]苏茂鑫,李术才,薛翊国,等.隧道地质预报中的瞬变电磁视纵向电导解释方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1722-1726.SU Maoxin,LI Shucai,XUE Yiguo,et al.TEM apparent longitudinal conductance interpretation in tunnel geological forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(11):1722-1726.
[21]QI Z,LI X,ZHANG Y,et al.Technology of transient electromagnetic synthetic aperture method in tunnel prediction[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011:635-639.
[22]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁法勘探[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007:67-69.YU Jingcun.Mine transient electromagnetic exploration[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2007:67-69.
[23]SUN H F,LI S C,SU M X,et al.Practice of TEMtunnel prediction in Tsingtao subsea tunnel[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011:761-765.
[24]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:37-39.FEI Yetai.Error theory and data processing[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005:37-39.
[25]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:125-131.LI Jinming.Earth electric field and electrical prospecting[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005:125-131.
[26]皮亦鸣,杨建宇,付毓生,等.合成孔径雷达成像原理[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2007:167-169.PI Yiming,YANG Jianyu,FU Yusheng,et al.Imaging principle of synthetic aperture radar[M].Press of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2007:167-169.
[27]汪学刚,张明友.雷达系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:91-97.WANG Xuegang,ZHANG Mingyou.Radar system[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2006:91-97.
[28]刘银爱.合成孔径瞬变电磁偏移成像技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010:32-37.LIU Yinai.Synthetic-aperture technology in transient electromagnetic migration imaging[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010:32-37.
[29]SUN H F,LI S C,SU M X,et al.Improve resolutions of differential apparent longitudinal conductance imaging using TEM synthetic aperture algorithm[C]//Beijing:SEG,2011:781-783.
[30]胡广书.数字信号处理:理论算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:96-97.HU Guangshu.Digital signal processing:Theory algorithms and implementation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003:96-97.
[31]谭代明.隧道超前探水全空间瞬变电磁理论及其应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009:42-48.TAN Daiming.Research on theory and application for advanced prediction of water by whole space transient electromagnetism[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009:42-48.
[32]李貅,薛国强.瞬变电磁合成孔径成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报.2012,55(1):333-340.LI Xiu,XUE Guoqiang,et al.A research on TEMimaging method based on synthetic-aperture technology[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):333-340.