钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备及其磨损性能
|
摘要
为提高农机刃具类零件的抗磨粒磨损性能,提出一种钎焊金刚石耐磨涂层制备方法,在Q235钢基体上制备了不同粒径及镀覆状态的金刚石耐磨涂层,并与65Mn钢的摩擦磨损和抗磨粒磨损性能进行对比。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层表面、涂层与钢基体界面、涂层磨损后的表面微观形貌进行表征,并分析涂层的磨损规律及机理。结果表明:钎焊金刚石涂层与钢基体结合良好,金刚石在涂层中均匀分布,涂层厚度约370μm。钎焊金刚石涂层的耐磨性优于65Mn钢的,且随着金刚石粒径减小钎焊金刚石涂层的摩擦系数降低,涂层的耐磨性增大;钎焊镀钨金刚石涂层的抗摩擦磨损和磨粒磨损性能均高于钎焊未镀覆金刚石涂层的。
In order to improve the abrasive wear resistance of tool parts for agricultural machines, a preparation method of diamond wear-resistant coating based on brazing was proposed. The coatings were prepared on Q235 steel substrate with different particle sizes and plating states of diamond grits, the friction and anti-abrasive wear properties of brazed diamond coatings were studied comparing to 65 Mn steel. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure of coating surface before and after wear test, and the interface between coatings and steel substrate. The wear law and mechanism of the coatings were also analyzed. The results showed that the brazed diamond coatings were bonded well with the steel matrix, and that the diamond grits were evenly distributed in the coatings with a thickness of about 370 μm. The wear resistance of brazed diamond coatings was better than that of 65 Mn steel, and with the decrease of particle size of diamond grits, the friction coefficient decreased and the wear resistance increased. The friction and anti-abrasive wear resistance of brazed tungsten-plated diamond coatings were higher than those of brazed uncoated diamond coatings.
In order to improve the abrasive wear resistance of tool parts for agricultural machines, a preparation method of diamond wear-resistant coating based on brazing was proposed. The coatings were prepared on Q235 steel substrate with different particle sizes and plating states of diamond grits, the friction and anti-abrasive wear properties of brazed diamond coatings were studied comparing to 65 Mn steel. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure of coating surface before and after wear test, and the interface between coatings and steel substrate. The wear law and mechanism of the coatings were also analyzed. The results showed that the brazed diamond coatings were bonded well with the steel matrix, and that the diamond grits were evenly distributed in the coatings with a thickness of about 370 μm. The wear resistance of brazed diamond coatings was better than that of 65 Mn steel, and with the decrease of particle size of diamond grits, the friction coefficient decreased and the wear resistance increased. The friction and anti-abrasive wear resistance of brazed tungsten-plated diamond coatings were higher than those of brazed uncoated diamond coatings.
引文
[1] 苏彬彬,徐杨,简建明.农业机械耐磨件发展及研究现状 [J].热处理技术与装备,2013,34(5):53-58.SU Binbin,XU Yang,JIAN Jianming.The actuality of development and research of wear resistant part for agricultural machinery [J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2013,34(5):53-58.
[2] 刘清.农业机械自动化的现状和发展趋势 [J].当代农机,2018(10):72-74.LIU Qing.Present situation and development trend of agricultural machinery automation [J].Contemporary Farm Machinery,2018(10):72-74.
[3] 崔钰蕊.农业机械及自动化的现状和发展趋势 [J].中国战略新兴产业,2018(20):21.CUI Yurui.Present situation and development trend of agricultural machinery and automation [J].China Strategic Emerging Industries,2018(20):21.
[4] 孙永东,高志勇.耕作机械触土部件土壤磨料磨碎研究 [J].中国农业信息,2016(9):122-123.SUN Yongdong,GAO Zhiyong.Study on soil abrasive grinding of soil-touching parts of tillage machinery [J].Agricultural Information in China,2016(9):122-123.
[5] 张金波,王晨超,王洋,等.农业耕作机械触土部件土壤磨料磨损研究 [J].现代化农业,2015(1):52-53.ZHANG Jinbo,WANG Chenchao,WANG Yang,et al.Study on soil abrasive wear of soil-touching parts of agricultural tillage machinery [J].Modernizing Agriculture,2015(1):52-53.
[6] 刘春和.磨粒磨损对农机零件的影响及预防措施 [J].吉林农业,2016(22):52.LIU Chunhe.Effect of abrasive wear on agricultural machinery parts and preventive measures [J].Agriculture of Jilin,2016(22):52.
[7] 徐明.磨粒磨损对农业机械的影响及预防措施 [J].农机使用与维修,2016(10):7.XU Ming.Effect of abrasive wear on agricultural machinery and preventive measures [J].Farm Machinery Using & Maintenance,2016(10):7.
[8] 吴志立,赵建杰,吴明亮,等.农机土壤工作部件耐磨强化研究进展 [J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(8):256-264.WU Zhili,ZHAO Jianjie,WU Mingliang,et al.Progress in wear resistance and surface modification of soil cultivating components for agricultural machinery [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(8):256-264.
[9] 薛继顺,徐晓莹,梁法双.农业机械零件磨损特点分析及减少磨损的措施 [J].农机使用与维修,2016(9):46.XUE Jishun,XU Xiaoying,LIANG Fashuang.Analysis of wear characteristics of agricultural machinery parts and measures to reduce wear [J].Farm Machinery Using & Maintenance,2016(9):46.
[10] 魏金栋,张宇,周燕琴,等.耐磨陶瓷涂层制备方法的研究进展 [J].热加工工艺,2015,44(20):14-18.WEI Jindong,ZHANG Yu,ZHOU Yanqin,et al.Research progress of wear resistant ceramic coating preparation methods [J].Hot Processing Technology,2015,44(20):14-18.
[11] 张良.Fe-Cr-Si系合金涂层的组织与性能研究 [D].唐山:华北理工大学,2014.ZHANG Liang.Microstructure and properties of Fe-Cr-Si system alloy coatings [D].Tangshan:North China University of Science and Technology,2014.
[12] JANKAUSKAS V,ANTONOV M,VARNAUSKAS V,et al.Effect of WC grain size and content on low stress abrasive wear of manual arc welded hardfacings with low-carbon or stainless steel matrix [J].Wear,2015,328-329:378-390.
[13] NALBANT M,PALALI A T.Effects of different material coatings on the wearing of plowshares in soil tillage [J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2011,35(3):215-223.
[14] 王长生,罗美华.锤片表面喷焊NiWC合金的耐磨性能 [J].热加工工艺,2000(4):34-36.WANG Changsheng,LUO Meihua.Wear resistance of hammer miller surface strengthened by flame spraying and remelting NiWC alloy coating [J].Hot Processing Technology,2000(4):34-36.
[15] 王鹏飞,刘俊峰,程小龙,等.乘坐式果园割草机割刀使用性能研究 [J].农机化研究,2015,37(8):181-183.WANG Pengfei,LIU Junfeng,CHENG Xiaolong,et al.Study on the performance of riding orchard mower cutter [J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(8):181-183.
[16] 宋月鹏,王伟,高东升,等.基于表面工程技术制备农机刃具的研究现状 [J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):27-31.SONG Yuepeng,WANG Wei,GAO Dongsheng,et al.Research status of agricultural machine cutting tools treated by surface engineering technology [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(1):27-31.
[17] DAS P,PAULl S,BANDYOPADHYAY P P.Tribological behaviour of plasma sprayed diamond reinforced molybdenum coatings [J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2019,78:350-359.
[18] 王健,张凤林,刘文广,等.Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层制备及摩擦磨损性能分析 [J].表面技术,2017,46(9):18-25.WANG Jian,ZHANG Fenglin,LIU Wenguang,et al.Preparation of Ni-P diamond electroless composite coatings and analysis of their friction and wear properties [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(9):18-25.
[19] 龚耀庭,彭先.MPCVD类金刚石膜抗氧化和摩擦性能的研究 [J].表面技术,2018,47(2):136-143.GONG Yaoting,PENG Xian.Anti-oxidation and tribology properties of MPCVD DLC films [J].Surface Technology,2018,47(2):136-143.
[20] VENKATESWARAN T,XAVIER V,SIVAKUMAR D,et al.Brazing of stainless steels using Cu-Ag-Mn-Zn braze filler:studies on wettability,mechanical properties,and microstructural aspects [J].Materials & Design,2017,121:213-228.
[21] SHANG S Y,KUNWAR A,YAO J Y,et al.Geometrical effects on growth kinetics of interfacial intermetallic compounds in Sn/Cu joints reflowed with Cu nanoparticles doped flux [J].Thin Solid Films,2019,669:198-207.
[22] 李凯,王飞,张超,等.钎焊涂层工艺的研究进展 [J].热加工工艺,2017,46(13):19-22.LI Kai,WAGN Fei,ZHANG Chao,et al.Research progress of brazing coating technology [J].Hot Working Technology,2017,46(13):19-22.
[23] 轩庆庆,龙伟民,张航海,等.钎焊单层金刚石磨具的研究进展 [J].电焊机,2017,47(3):22-26.XUAN Qingqing,LONG Weimin,ZHANG Hanghai,et al.Research progress of brazed monolayer diamond abrasive tools [J].Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(3):22-26.
[24] 张楠楠,曹文慧,林丹阳,等.等离子喷涂NiCr/Cr2C3、Ni/C及其复合涂层的耐磨性能 [J].沈阳工业大学学报,2019,41(1):36-41.ZHANG Nannan,CAO Wenhui,LIN Danyang,et al.Wear resistance of NiCr/Cr2C3、Ni/C and composite coatings prepared with plasma spraying [J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2019,41(1):36-41.
[25] ARCHARD J F.Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces [J].Journal of Applied Physics,1953,24(8):981-988.
[26] KERRIDGE M,LANCASTER J K.The stages in a process of severe metallic wear [J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1956,236(1205) :250-264.
[27] ARCHARD J F,HIRST W.An examination of a mild wear process [J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1980,238(1215):515-528.
[28] 桂长林.Archard的磨损设计计算模型及其应用方法 [J].润滑与密封,1990(1):12-21.GUI Changlin.The Archard design calculation model and its application methods [J].Lubrication Engineering,1990(1):12-21.
[29] ABDOOS M,YAMAMOTO K,BOSE B,et al.Effect of coating thickness on the tool wear performance of low stress TiAlN PVD coating during turning of compacted graphite iron (CGI) [J].Wear,2019,422-423:128-136.
[30] 刘蕴锋,朱永伟,刘婷婷,等.Ni-P-纳米金刚石黑粉化学复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能 [J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(3):267-274.LIU Yunfeng,ZHU Yongwei,LIU Tingting,et al.Friction and wear properties of Ni-P electroless composite coatings with core-shell nanodiamond [J].Tribology,2013,33(3):267-274.
[31] 王振廷,孟君晟.摩擦磨损与耐磨材料 [M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013:77-83.WANG Zhenting,MENG Juncheng.Frictional wear and wear resistant materials [M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2013:77-83.
[32] 魏洪涛,吴益雄,陈家泓,等.真空蒸发镀钨金刚石制备工艺及其抗氧化性能研究 [J].超硬材料工程,2018,30(2):1-5.WEI Hongtao,WU Yixiong,CHEN Jiahong,et al.Study on the preparation of coated diamond grits with tungsten by vacuum evaporation and its property of anti-oxidation [J].Superhard Material Engineering,2018,30(2):1-5.
[33] RABINOWICZ E,DUNN L A,RUSSELL P G.A study of abrasive wear under three-body conditions [J].Journals & Books,1961,4(5):345-355.
[34] TREZONA R I,ALLSOPP D N,HUTCHINGS I M.Transitions between two-body and three-body abrasive wear:influence of test conditions in the microscale abrasive wear test [J].Journals & Books,1999,225-229(1):205-214.
[35] 李杨,卢金斌,穆云超,等.Cu-P-Sn对镍基钎料真空钎焊金刚石的影响 [J].热加工工艺,2018,47(9):58-61.LI Yang,LU Jinbin,MU Yunchao,et al.Effect of Cu-P-Sn on vacuum brazing of diamond by Ni based filler metal [J].Hot Working Technology,2018,47(9):58-61.
[36] 刘峰璧,谢友柏.磨粒粒度分布对三体磨粒磨损的影响 [J].润滑与密封,1995(5):28-31.LIU Fengbi,XIE Youbai.Effect of abrasive size distribution on wear [J].Lubrication Engineering,1995(5):28-31.
[2] 刘清.农业机械自动化的现状和发展趋势 [J].当代农机,2018(10):72-74.LIU Qing.Present situation and development trend of agricultural machinery automation [J].Contemporary Farm Machinery,2018(10):72-74.
[3] 崔钰蕊.农业机械及自动化的现状和发展趋势 [J].中国战略新兴产业,2018(20):21.CUI Yurui.Present situation and development trend of agricultural machinery and automation [J].China Strategic Emerging Industries,2018(20):21.
[4] 孙永东,高志勇.耕作机械触土部件土壤磨料磨碎研究 [J].中国农业信息,2016(9):122-123.SUN Yongdong,GAO Zhiyong.Study on soil abrasive grinding of soil-touching parts of tillage machinery [J].Agricultural Information in China,2016(9):122-123.
[5] 张金波,王晨超,王洋,等.农业耕作机械触土部件土壤磨料磨损研究 [J].现代化农业,2015(1):52-53.ZHANG Jinbo,WANG Chenchao,WANG Yang,et al.Study on soil abrasive wear of soil-touching parts of agricultural tillage machinery [J].Modernizing Agriculture,2015(1):52-53.
[6] 刘春和.磨粒磨损对农机零件的影响及预防措施 [J].吉林农业,2016(22):52.LIU Chunhe.Effect of abrasive wear on agricultural machinery parts and preventive measures [J].Agriculture of Jilin,2016(22):52.
[7] 徐明.磨粒磨损对农业机械的影响及预防措施 [J].农机使用与维修,2016(10):7.XU Ming.Effect of abrasive wear on agricultural machinery and preventive measures [J].Farm Machinery Using & Maintenance,2016(10):7.
[8] 吴志立,赵建杰,吴明亮,等.农机土壤工作部件耐磨强化研究进展 [J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(8):256-264.WU Zhili,ZHAO Jianjie,WU Mingliang,et al.Progress in wear resistance and surface modification of soil cultivating components for agricultural machinery [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(8):256-264.
[9] 薛继顺,徐晓莹,梁法双.农业机械零件磨损特点分析及减少磨损的措施 [J].农机使用与维修,2016(9):46.XUE Jishun,XU Xiaoying,LIANG Fashuang.Analysis of wear characteristics of agricultural machinery parts and measures to reduce wear [J].Farm Machinery Using & Maintenance,2016(9):46.
[10] 魏金栋,张宇,周燕琴,等.耐磨陶瓷涂层制备方法的研究进展 [J].热加工工艺,2015,44(20):14-18.WEI Jindong,ZHANG Yu,ZHOU Yanqin,et al.Research progress of wear resistant ceramic coating preparation methods [J].Hot Processing Technology,2015,44(20):14-18.
[11] 张良.Fe-Cr-Si系合金涂层的组织与性能研究 [D].唐山:华北理工大学,2014.ZHANG Liang.Microstructure and properties of Fe-Cr-Si system alloy coatings [D].Tangshan:North China University of Science and Technology,2014.
[12] JANKAUSKAS V,ANTONOV M,VARNAUSKAS V,et al.Effect of WC grain size and content on low stress abrasive wear of manual arc welded hardfacings with low-carbon or stainless steel matrix [J].Wear,2015,328-329:378-390.
[13] NALBANT M,PALALI A T.Effects of different material coatings on the wearing of plowshares in soil tillage [J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2011,35(3):215-223.
[14] 王长生,罗美华.锤片表面喷焊NiWC合金的耐磨性能 [J].热加工工艺,2000(4):34-36.WANG Changsheng,LUO Meihua.Wear resistance of hammer miller surface strengthened by flame spraying and remelting NiWC alloy coating [J].Hot Processing Technology,2000(4):34-36.
[15] 王鹏飞,刘俊峰,程小龙,等.乘坐式果园割草机割刀使用性能研究 [J].农机化研究,2015,37(8):181-183.WANG Pengfei,LIU Junfeng,CHENG Xiaolong,et al.Study on the performance of riding orchard mower cutter [J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(8):181-183.
[16] 宋月鹏,王伟,高东升,等.基于表面工程技术制备农机刃具的研究现状 [J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):27-31.SONG Yuepeng,WANG Wei,GAO Dongsheng,et al.Research status of agricultural machine cutting tools treated by surface engineering technology [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(1):27-31.
[17] DAS P,PAULl S,BANDYOPADHYAY P P.Tribological behaviour of plasma sprayed diamond reinforced molybdenum coatings [J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2019,78:350-359.
[18] 王健,张凤林,刘文广,等.Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层制备及摩擦磨损性能分析 [J].表面技术,2017,46(9):18-25.WANG Jian,ZHANG Fenglin,LIU Wenguang,et al.Preparation of Ni-P diamond electroless composite coatings and analysis of their friction and wear properties [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(9):18-25.
[19] 龚耀庭,彭先.MPCVD类金刚石膜抗氧化和摩擦性能的研究 [J].表面技术,2018,47(2):136-143.GONG Yaoting,PENG Xian.Anti-oxidation and tribology properties of MPCVD DLC films [J].Surface Technology,2018,47(2):136-143.
[20] VENKATESWARAN T,XAVIER V,SIVAKUMAR D,et al.Brazing of stainless steels using Cu-Ag-Mn-Zn braze filler:studies on wettability,mechanical properties,and microstructural aspects [J].Materials & Design,2017,121:213-228.
[21] SHANG S Y,KUNWAR A,YAO J Y,et al.Geometrical effects on growth kinetics of interfacial intermetallic compounds in Sn/Cu joints reflowed with Cu nanoparticles doped flux [J].Thin Solid Films,2019,669:198-207.
[22] 李凯,王飞,张超,等.钎焊涂层工艺的研究进展 [J].热加工工艺,2017,46(13):19-22.LI Kai,WAGN Fei,ZHANG Chao,et al.Research progress of brazing coating technology [J].Hot Working Technology,2017,46(13):19-22.
[23] 轩庆庆,龙伟民,张航海,等.钎焊单层金刚石磨具的研究进展 [J].电焊机,2017,47(3):22-26.XUAN Qingqing,LONG Weimin,ZHANG Hanghai,et al.Research progress of brazed monolayer diamond abrasive tools [J].Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(3):22-26.
[24] 张楠楠,曹文慧,林丹阳,等.等离子喷涂NiCr/Cr2C3、Ni/C及其复合涂层的耐磨性能 [J].沈阳工业大学学报,2019,41(1):36-41.ZHANG Nannan,CAO Wenhui,LIN Danyang,et al.Wear resistance of NiCr/Cr2C3、Ni/C and composite coatings prepared with plasma spraying [J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2019,41(1):36-41.
[25] ARCHARD J F.Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces [J].Journal of Applied Physics,1953,24(8):981-988.
[26] KERRIDGE M,LANCASTER J K.The stages in a process of severe metallic wear [J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1956,236(1205) :250-264.
[27] ARCHARD J F,HIRST W.An examination of a mild wear process [J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1980,238(1215):515-528.
[28] 桂长林.Archard的磨损设计计算模型及其应用方法 [J].润滑与密封,1990(1):12-21.GUI Changlin.The Archard design calculation model and its application methods [J].Lubrication Engineering,1990(1):12-21.
[29] ABDOOS M,YAMAMOTO K,BOSE B,et al.Effect of coating thickness on the tool wear performance of low stress TiAlN PVD coating during turning of compacted graphite iron (CGI) [J].Wear,2019,422-423:128-136.
[30] 刘蕴锋,朱永伟,刘婷婷,等.Ni-P-纳米金刚石黑粉化学复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能 [J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(3):267-274.LIU Yunfeng,ZHU Yongwei,LIU Tingting,et al.Friction and wear properties of Ni-P electroless composite coatings with core-shell nanodiamond [J].Tribology,2013,33(3):267-274.
[31] 王振廷,孟君晟.摩擦磨损与耐磨材料 [M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013:77-83.WANG Zhenting,MENG Juncheng.Frictional wear and wear resistant materials [M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2013:77-83.
[32] 魏洪涛,吴益雄,陈家泓,等.真空蒸发镀钨金刚石制备工艺及其抗氧化性能研究 [J].超硬材料工程,2018,30(2):1-5.WEI Hongtao,WU Yixiong,CHEN Jiahong,et al.Study on the preparation of coated diamond grits with tungsten by vacuum evaporation and its property of anti-oxidation [J].Superhard Material Engineering,2018,30(2):1-5.
[33] RABINOWICZ E,DUNN L A,RUSSELL P G.A study of abrasive wear under three-body conditions [J].Journals & Books,1961,4(5):345-355.
[34] TREZONA R I,ALLSOPP D N,HUTCHINGS I M.Transitions between two-body and three-body abrasive wear:influence of test conditions in the microscale abrasive wear test [J].Journals & Books,1999,225-229(1):205-214.
[35] 李杨,卢金斌,穆云超,等.Cu-P-Sn对镍基钎料真空钎焊金刚石的影响 [J].热加工工艺,2018,47(9):58-61.LI Yang,LU Jinbin,MU Yunchao,et al.Effect of Cu-P-Sn on vacuum brazing of diamond by Ni based filler metal [J].Hot Working Technology,2018,47(9):58-61.
[36] 刘峰璧,谢友柏.磨粒粒度分布对三体磨粒磨损的影响 [J].润滑与密封,1995(5):28-31.LIU Fengbi,XIE Youbai.Effect of abrasive size distribution on wear [J].Lubrication Engineering,1995(5):28-31.