植物生长调节剂对鸭茅种子产量的影响
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摘要
植物生长调节剂已经广泛推广运用于牧草种子生产。以"滇北"鸭茅为试验材料,通过两年的大田试验探讨了不同浓度的矮壮素(500、750、1000、1250 g·hm~(-2))和不同浓度抗倒酯(100、200、300、400 g·hm~(-2))两种植物生长调节剂及其混合制剂(500+50、500+150、1000+50、1000+150 g·hm~(-2))对鸭茅种子产量的影响。试验结果表明:喷施3种生长调节剂对鸭茅种子的产量均有提升,以混施矮壮素和抗倒酯(500+150 g·hm~(-2))效果最佳,增产达46.2%。此外试验发现,生长调节剂主要是通过增加鸭茅种子田单位面积的生殖枝数目和结实率来提高鸭茅种子产量。喷施植物生长调节剂对千粒重及每穗小花数没有显著影响。
The testing of plant growth regulator(PGR) yielded new insight to improve the seed yield of forage crops. In this study, two PGRs [chlorocholine chloride(CCC): 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 g·ha~(-1); trinexapac-ethyl(TE): 100, 200, 300, and 400 g·ha~(-1)] and their mixtures(500+50, 500+150, 1000+50, 1000+150, 1000+150, 1000+150 g·ha~(-1)) were applied to Dactylis glomerata to evaluate the effect on the seed yield over two years of field trials. The results showed that both growth regulators and their mixtures used in this study increased the seed yield of D.actylis glomerata. The mixture of CCC+TE(500+150 g·ha~(-1)) resulted in the largest seed yield, which was an increase of 46.2% compared to control plots(without any PGR treatment). The main mechanism for action of the PGR was to increase the fertile tillers per unit area and seed setting rate in the field. The use of PGR had no significant effect on seed weight or on floret number per spike.
The testing of plant growth regulator(PGR) yielded new insight to improve the seed yield of forage crops. In this study, two PGRs [chlorocholine chloride(CCC): 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 g·ha~(-1); trinexapac-ethyl(TE): 100, 200, 300, and 400 g·ha~(-1)] and their mixtures(500+50, 500+150, 1000+50, 1000+150, 1000+150, 1000+150 g·ha~(-1)) were applied to Dactylis glomerata to evaluate the effect on the seed yield over two years of field trials. The results showed that both growth regulators and their mixtures used in this study increased the seed yield of D.actylis glomerata. The mixture of CCC+TE(500+150 g·ha~(-1)) resulted in the largest seed yield, which was an increase of 46.2% compared to control plots(without any PGR treatment). The main mechanism for action of the PGR was to increase the fertile tillers per unit area and seed setting rate in the field. The use of PGR had no significant effect on seed weight or on floret number per spike.
引文
[1]Zhang X Q.Exploration,innovation and utilization of Dactylis glomerata germplasm.Beijing:Science Press,2015:473.张新全.优质牧草鸭茅种质资源发掘及创新利用研究.北京:科学出版社,2015:473.
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[3]Liang X Y,Zhang X Q,Chen Y J,et al.Effect of N,P,K balance fertilization on the seeds yield and yield components of Dactylis glomerata.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(5):69-74.梁小玉,张新全,陈元江,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对鸭茅种子生产性能的影响.草业学报,2005,14(5):69-74.
[4]Reynolds J H,Krueger W A,Walker C L,et al.Plant growth regulator effects on growth and forage quality of tall fescue.Agronomy Journal,1993,85(3):545-548.
[5]Majidi M M,Hoseini B,Abtahi M,et al.Genetic analysis of seed related traits in orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata)under normal and drought stress conditions.Euphytica,2015,203(2):409-420.
[6]Ali F,Bano A,Fazal A.Recent methods of drought stress tolerance in plants.Plant Growth Regulation,2017,82(1):1-13.
[7]Spence C,Bais H.Role of plant growth regulators as chemical signals in plant-microbe interactions:A double edged sword.Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2015,27:52-58.
[8]Akram N A,Ashraf M.Regulation in plant stress tolerance by apotential plant growth regulator,5-aminolevulinic acid.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2013,32(3):663-679.
[9]Machá8R.Effects of trinexapac-rthyl(Moddus)on seed yields and its quality of eleven temperate grass species.Plant Growth Regulation,2001,33(1):1-12.
[10]Ervin E H,Koski A J.Growth responses of Lolium perenne L.to trinexapac-ethyl.Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,33(7):1200-1202.
[11]Rolston M P,Trethewey J A K,Chynoweth R J,et al.Italian ryegrass seed yield:Trinexapac-ethyl and closing date interaction.Agronomy New Zealand,2012,42:119-127.
[12]Rolston P,Trethewey J,Chynoweth R,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl delays lodging and increases seed yield in perennial ryegrass seed crops.New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,53(4):403-406.
[13]Chastain T G,Iii W C Y,Garbacik C J,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl rate and application timing effects on seed yield and yield components in tall fescue.Field Crops Research,2015,173:8-13.
[14]Fang L N,Han J G,Wang P,et al.Effects of fertilization and growth regulator on seed yield of tall fescue.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2000,8(3):164-170.房丽宁,韩建国,王培,等.施肥及生长调节剂对高羊茅种子产量的影响.草地学报,2000,8(3):164-170.
[15]Han Y,Hu T,Wang X,et al.Effects of seeding rate and nitrogen application on tall fescue seed production.Agronomy Journal,2014,106(1):119.
[16]Zhang Y L,Wang X G,Luo X M,et al.Effect of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and seeds yield of Leymus chinensis.Grassland and Turf,2018,(1):18-24.张永亮,王显国,骆秀梅,等.生长调节剂对羊草生长及种子产量的影响.草原与草坪,2018,(1):18-24.
[17]Shi Y,Gao S,Zhou D,et al.Fall nitrogen application increases seed yield,forage yield and nitrogen use efficiency more than spring nitrogen application in Leymus chinensis,aperennial grass.Field Crops Research,2017,214:66-72.
[18]Browne R A,White E M,Burke J I.Effect of nitrogen,seed rate and plant growth regulator(chlormequat chloride)on the grain quality of oats(Avena sativa).Journal of Agricultural Science,2004,141(3/4):249-258.
[19]Xu Q Q.Effects of trinexapac-ethyl and other plant growth regulators on wheat physiological indices and yield.Qingdao:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.许青青.抗倒酯等植物生长调节剂对小麦生理效应及产量的影响.青岛:山东农业大学,2014.
[20]Zhang T J,Wang X G,Wang Y W,et al.Plant growth regulator effects on balancing vegetative and reproductive phases in alfalfa seed yield.Agronomy Journal,2009,101(5):1139-1145.
[21]Yan M,Zhang Y J,Tie Y H,et al.Effects of growth regulator on seed yield and yield components of white clover.Pratacultural Science,2007,24(4):58-62.闫敏,张英俊,铁云华,等.生长调节剂对白三叶种子产量及产量构成要素的影响.草业科学,2007,24(4):58-62.
[22]Tao Q B,Bai M J,Han Y H,et al.Use of plant growth regulators in forage seed production.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(6):1238-1246.陶奇波,白梦杰,韩云华,等.植物生长调节剂在牧草种子生产中的应用.草业科学,2017,34(6):1238-1246.
[23]Chynoweth R.Seed yield response of four cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata L.)cultivars following the application of stemshortening plant growth regulators.New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,2014,57(4):332-341.
[24]Koeritz E J,Watkins E,Ehlke N J.A split application spproach to nitrogen and growth regulator management for perennial ryegrass seed production.Crop Science,2013,53(4):1762-1777.
[25]Zadoks J C,Chang T T,Konzak C F.A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.Weed Research,2010,14(6):415-421.
[26]Han J G,Li M.Potential seed yield and actual seed yield in forage seed production.Grassland and Turf,1996,(1):7-11.韩建国,李敏.牧草种子生产中的潜在种子产量与实际种子产量.草原与草坪,1996,(1):7-11.
[27]Sozzani R,Busch W,Spalding E P,et al.Advanced imaging techniques for the study of plant growth and development.Trends in Plant Science,2014,19(5):304-310.
[28]Anderson N P,Chastain T G,Garbacik C J.Irrigation and trinexapac-ethyl effects on seed yield in first-and second-year red clover stands.Agronomy Journal,2016,108(3):1116-1123.
[29]Xu C,Gao Y,Tian B,et al.Effects of EDAH,a novel plant growth regulator,on mechanical strength,stalk vascular bundles and grain yield of summer maize at high densities.Field Crops Research,2017,200:71-79.
[30]Mathews P R,Caldicott J J B.The effect of chlormequat chloride formulated with choline chloride on the height and yield of winter wheat.Annals of Applied Biology,2010,97(2):227-236.
[31]Gong J J,Zhao G Q,Ma X Q,et al.Effects of chlormequat and ethephon on plant height,yield and its components of oats.Pratacultural Science,2008,25(5):74-77.龚建军,赵桂琴,马雪琴,等.矮壮素与乙烯利对燕麦株高、产量及其构成因素的调节作用.草业科学,2008,25(5):74-77.
[32]Chynoweth R J,Trethewey J A K,Rolston M P,et al.Reduced stem length increases perennial ryegrass seed yield.Agronomy New Zealand,2014,44:61-70.
[33]Zapiola M L,Chastain T G,Garbacik C J,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl and open-field burning maximize seed yield in creeping red fescue.Agronomy Journal,2006,98(6):1427-1434.
[34]Sun X C,Gu H R,Zhang X,et al.Effect of the application of three growth regulators on seed yield of Lolium multiflorum.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(8):1959-1964.孙旭春,顾洪如,张霞,等.3种生长抑制剂对多花黑麦草种子产量的影响.草业科学,2018,35(8):1959-1964.
[35]El-Fouly M M,Fawzi A F A.Increase in wheat grain yield induced by chlormequat chloride.Pest Management Science,2010,1(4):129-131.
[36]Chastain T G,Garbacik C J,Young W C.Spring-applied nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl effects on seed yield in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue.Agronomy Journal,2014,106(2):628.
[37]Chastain T G,Iii W C Y,Silberstein T B,et al.Performance of trinexapac-ethyl on Lolium perenne seed crops in diverse lodging environments.Field Crops Research,2014,157:65-70.
[38]Chen D D,Wang Y R,Han Y H.Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer rate on alfalfa seed yield in the Yellow River irrigated region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(3):154-163.陈冬冬,王彦荣,韩云华.灌溉次数和施肥量对甘肃引黄灌区紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响.草业学报,2016,25(3):154-163.
[39]Liang X Y,Zhang X Q.Effects of different sowing amount on seed production performance of Dactylis glomerate.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(11):58-60.梁小玉,张新全.不同播量对宝兴鸭茅种子生产性能的影响.草业科学,2006,23(11):58-60.
[40]Du W H,Tian X H,Cao Z Z,et al.Influence of row spacing and irrigation rate on seed yield of Medicago sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007,16(3):81-87.杜文华,田新会,曹致中,等.播种行距和灌水量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响.草业学报,2007,16(3):81-87.
[41]Luo K,Zhang J Y,Wang Y R.Effect of plant density and phosphorus fertilizer on seed yield of Melilotus officinalis.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(7):112-119.骆凯,张吉宇,王彦荣.种植密度和施磷肥对黄花草木樨种子产量的影响.草业学报,2018,27(7):112-119.
[42]Borm G E L,Berg W V D.Effects of the application rate and time of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl in seed crops of Lolium perenne L.in relation to spring nitrogen rate.Field Crops Research,2008,105(3):182-192.
[2]Huang M F,Xue S M,Gao Y E,et al.Comparison of agronomical traits between the wild diploid and its autotetraploid in the Dactylis glomerata subsp.himalayensis.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):207-216.黄梅芬,薛世明,高月娥,等.喜马拉雅鸭茅野生二倍体与同源四倍体农艺性状的对比研究.草业学报,2016,25(1):207-216.
[3]Liang X Y,Zhang X Q,Chen Y J,et al.Effect of N,P,K balance fertilization on the seeds yield and yield components of Dactylis glomerata.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(5):69-74.梁小玉,张新全,陈元江,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对鸭茅种子生产性能的影响.草业学报,2005,14(5):69-74.
[4]Reynolds J H,Krueger W A,Walker C L,et al.Plant growth regulator effects on growth and forage quality of tall fescue.Agronomy Journal,1993,85(3):545-548.
[5]Majidi M M,Hoseini B,Abtahi M,et al.Genetic analysis of seed related traits in orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata)under normal and drought stress conditions.Euphytica,2015,203(2):409-420.
[6]Ali F,Bano A,Fazal A.Recent methods of drought stress tolerance in plants.Plant Growth Regulation,2017,82(1):1-13.
[7]Spence C,Bais H.Role of plant growth regulators as chemical signals in plant-microbe interactions:A double edged sword.Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2015,27:52-58.
[8]Akram N A,Ashraf M.Regulation in plant stress tolerance by apotential plant growth regulator,5-aminolevulinic acid.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2013,32(3):663-679.
[9]Machá8R.Effects of trinexapac-rthyl(Moddus)on seed yields and its quality of eleven temperate grass species.Plant Growth Regulation,2001,33(1):1-12.
[10]Ervin E H,Koski A J.Growth responses of Lolium perenne L.to trinexapac-ethyl.Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,33(7):1200-1202.
[11]Rolston M P,Trethewey J A K,Chynoweth R J,et al.Italian ryegrass seed yield:Trinexapac-ethyl and closing date interaction.Agronomy New Zealand,2012,42:119-127.
[12]Rolston P,Trethewey J,Chynoweth R,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl delays lodging and increases seed yield in perennial ryegrass seed crops.New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,53(4):403-406.
[13]Chastain T G,Iii W C Y,Garbacik C J,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl rate and application timing effects on seed yield and yield components in tall fescue.Field Crops Research,2015,173:8-13.
[14]Fang L N,Han J G,Wang P,et al.Effects of fertilization and growth regulator on seed yield of tall fescue.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2000,8(3):164-170.房丽宁,韩建国,王培,等.施肥及生长调节剂对高羊茅种子产量的影响.草地学报,2000,8(3):164-170.
[15]Han Y,Hu T,Wang X,et al.Effects of seeding rate and nitrogen application on tall fescue seed production.Agronomy Journal,2014,106(1):119.
[16]Zhang Y L,Wang X G,Luo X M,et al.Effect of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and seeds yield of Leymus chinensis.Grassland and Turf,2018,(1):18-24.张永亮,王显国,骆秀梅,等.生长调节剂对羊草生长及种子产量的影响.草原与草坪,2018,(1):18-24.
[17]Shi Y,Gao S,Zhou D,et al.Fall nitrogen application increases seed yield,forage yield and nitrogen use efficiency more than spring nitrogen application in Leymus chinensis,aperennial grass.Field Crops Research,2017,214:66-72.
[18]Browne R A,White E M,Burke J I.Effect of nitrogen,seed rate and plant growth regulator(chlormequat chloride)on the grain quality of oats(Avena sativa).Journal of Agricultural Science,2004,141(3/4):249-258.
[19]Xu Q Q.Effects of trinexapac-ethyl and other plant growth regulators on wheat physiological indices and yield.Qingdao:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.许青青.抗倒酯等植物生长调节剂对小麦生理效应及产量的影响.青岛:山东农业大学,2014.
[20]Zhang T J,Wang X G,Wang Y W,et al.Plant growth regulator effects on balancing vegetative and reproductive phases in alfalfa seed yield.Agronomy Journal,2009,101(5):1139-1145.
[21]Yan M,Zhang Y J,Tie Y H,et al.Effects of growth regulator on seed yield and yield components of white clover.Pratacultural Science,2007,24(4):58-62.闫敏,张英俊,铁云华,等.生长调节剂对白三叶种子产量及产量构成要素的影响.草业科学,2007,24(4):58-62.
[22]Tao Q B,Bai M J,Han Y H,et al.Use of plant growth regulators in forage seed production.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(6):1238-1246.陶奇波,白梦杰,韩云华,等.植物生长调节剂在牧草种子生产中的应用.草业科学,2017,34(6):1238-1246.
[23]Chynoweth R.Seed yield response of four cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata L.)cultivars following the application of stemshortening plant growth regulators.New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,2014,57(4):332-341.
[24]Koeritz E J,Watkins E,Ehlke N J.A split application spproach to nitrogen and growth regulator management for perennial ryegrass seed production.Crop Science,2013,53(4):1762-1777.
[25]Zadoks J C,Chang T T,Konzak C F.A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.Weed Research,2010,14(6):415-421.
[26]Han J G,Li M.Potential seed yield and actual seed yield in forage seed production.Grassland and Turf,1996,(1):7-11.韩建国,李敏.牧草种子生产中的潜在种子产量与实际种子产量.草原与草坪,1996,(1):7-11.
[27]Sozzani R,Busch W,Spalding E P,et al.Advanced imaging techniques for the study of plant growth and development.Trends in Plant Science,2014,19(5):304-310.
[28]Anderson N P,Chastain T G,Garbacik C J.Irrigation and trinexapac-ethyl effects on seed yield in first-and second-year red clover stands.Agronomy Journal,2016,108(3):1116-1123.
[29]Xu C,Gao Y,Tian B,et al.Effects of EDAH,a novel plant growth regulator,on mechanical strength,stalk vascular bundles and grain yield of summer maize at high densities.Field Crops Research,2017,200:71-79.
[30]Mathews P R,Caldicott J J B.The effect of chlormequat chloride formulated with choline chloride on the height and yield of winter wheat.Annals of Applied Biology,2010,97(2):227-236.
[31]Gong J J,Zhao G Q,Ma X Q,et al.Effects of chlormequat and ethephon on plant height,yield and its components of oats.Pratacultural Science,2008,25(5):74-77.龚建军,赵桂琴,马雪琴,等.矮壮素与乙烯利对燕麦株高、产量及其构成因素的调节作用.草业科学,2008,25(5):74-77.
[32]Chynoweth R J,Trethewey J A K,Rolston M P,et al.Reduced stem length increases perennial ryegrass seed yield.Agronomy New Zealand,2014,44:61-70.
[33]Zapiola M L,Chastain T G,Garbacik C J,et al.Trinexapac-ethyl and open-field burning maximize seed yield in creeping red fescue.Agronomy Journal,2006,98(6):1427-1434.
[34]Sun X C,Gu H R,Zhang X,et al.Effect of the application of three growth regulators on seed yield of Lolium multiflorum.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(8):1959-1964.孙旭春,顾洪如,张霞,等.3种生长抑制剂对多花黑麦草种子产量的影响.草业科学,2018,35(8):1959-1964.
[35]El-Fouly M M,Fawzi A F A.Increase in wheat grain yield induced by chlormequat chloride.Pest Management Science,2010,1(4):129-131.
[36]Chastain T G,Garbacik C J,Young W C.Spring-applied nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl effects on seed yield in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue.Agronomy Journal,2014,106(2):628.
[37]Chastain T G,Iii W C Y,Silberstein T B,et al.Performance of trinexapac-ethyl on Lolium perenne seed crops in diverse lodging environments.Field Crops Research,2014,157:65-70.
[38]Chen D D,Wang Y R,Han Y H.Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer rate on alfalfa seed yield in the Yellow River irrigated region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(3):154-163.陈冬冬,王彦荣,韩云华.灌溉次数和施肥量对甘肃引黄灌区紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响.草业学报,2016,25(3):154-163.
[39]Liang X Y,Zhang X Q.Effects of different sowing amount on seed production performance of Dactylis glomerate.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(11):58-60.梁小玉,张新全.不同播量对宝兴鸭茅种子生产性能的影响.草业科学,2006,23(11):58-60.
[40]Du W H,Tian X H,Cao Z Z,et al.Influence of row spacing and irrigation rate on seed yield of Medicago sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007,16(3):81-87.杜文华,田新会,曹致中,等.播种行距和灌水量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响.草业学报,2007,16(3):81-87.
[41]Luo K,Zhang J Y,Wang Y R.Effect of plant density and phosphorus fertilizer on seed yield of Melilotus officinalis.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(7):112-119.骆凯,张吉宇,王彦荣.种植密度和施磷肥对黄花草木樨种子产量的影响.草业学报,2018,27(7):112-119.
[42]Borm G E L,Berg W V D.Effects of the application rate and time of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl in seed crops of Lolium perenne L.in relation to spring nitrogen rate.Field Crops Research,2008,105(3):182-192.